Propolis, aloe vera gel, and pomegranate juice were evaluated as potential storage media for avulsed teeth and compared to Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). Teeth were stored in the different media and a collagenase/dispase solution was used to detach periodontal ligament cells, which were then stained with trypan blue and counted under a microscope. Propolis maintained the highest number of viable cells, followed by HBSS, aloe vera, and pomegranate juice. While HBSS is considered the gold standard, propolis, aloe vera, and pomegranate juice show promise as alternatives due to their lower cost and greater availability
Antiplaque efficacy of propolis based herbal toothpaste-a crossover clinical ...Bee Healthy Farms
This Dental School crossover clinical study found propolis toothpaste to be safe and effective in reducing plaque accumulation when compared to Miswak and Colgate total toothpaste.
Propolis in the field of dentistry is tough. It responds very well when in contact with mucous linings of the body. This super antioxidant also delivers antimicrobial, antifungal and antiseptic properties which make it very adaptable to numerous conditions found out of balance.
LSTR is a new pulp therapy technique used in pediatric dentistry.
This presentation illustrated some studies which ensures the high success probability of the new technique
Propolis as an adjuvant in the treatment of Chronic PeriodontitisBee Healthy Farms
Periodontitis has multifactorial causes with the primary being pathogenic bacteria that reside in the subgingival area and possess potent mechanisms of damaging host defences. Inflammatory responses triggered in response to periodontal pathogens are the major events responsible for periodontal destruction.
Propolis has been used for the treatment of aphthous ulcers, candidiasis, gingivitis, periodontitis, and pulpitis. Studies on propolis applications have increased because of its therapeutic and biological properties. A study evaluated the antibacterial action of propolis against certain anaerobic oral pathogens and found it to be very effective.
Antiplaque efficacy of propolis based herbal toothpaste-a crossover clinical ...Bee Healthy Farms
This Dental School crossover clinical study found propolis toothpaste to be safe and effective in reducing plaque accumulation when compared to Miswak and Colgate total toothpaste.
Propolis in the field of dentistry is tough. It responds very well when in contact with mucous linings of the body. This super antioxidant also delivers antimicrobial, antifungal and antiseptic properties which make it very adaptable to numerous conditions found out of balance.
LSTR is a new pulp therapy technique used in pediatric dentistry.
This presentation illustrated some studies which ensures the high success probability of the new technique
Propolis as an adjuvant in the treatment of Chronic PeriodontitisBee Healthy Farms
Periodontitis has multifactorial causes with the primary being pathogenic bacteria that reside in the subgingival area and possess potent mechanisms of damaging host defences. Inflammatory responses triggered in response to periodontal pathogens are the major events responsible for periodontal destruction.
Propolis has been used for the treatment of aphthous ulcers, candidiasis, gingivitis, periodontitis, and pulpitis. Studies on propolis applications have increased because of its therapeutic and biological properties. A study evaluated the antibacterial action of propolis against certain anaerobic oral pathogens and found it to be very effective.
Introduction
● Avulsion is the complete displacement of tooth from the socket
● Avulsion of permanent teeth is seen in .5-3% of all dental injuries.
● It is one of the most serious injuries, and the prognosis is very much dependent on: Action taken at the place of injury And promptly after the avulsion.
Most of the cases,
Replantation
Treatment of choice
But cannot always carried out
Replantation NOT indicated;
First aid for avulsed teeth
● Dentist should be prepared to give advices about first aid for avulsed teeth to public.
● Avulsed teeth is on of a REAL EMERGENCY situation in dentistry.
● Instruction may be given by phone to people at the emergency site.
● Make sure that the avulsed tooth is a permanent tooth.
● Keep the patient calm.
● Fined the tooth and pick it up from the crown Not the root.
● If the tooth is dirty, wash it briefly (MAX 10 s) under cold running water and reposition it.
● Try to encourage the patient to replant the tooth.
● Once the tooth is in place bite into a napkin to hold the tooth in position.
● If it is not possible (e.g. pt unconscious), place the tooth in a glass of storage media (e.g. Milk) and bring with the patient to emergency clinic.
● The tooth can be transported in the mouth, by keeping the tooth inside the lip or cheek if the patient is conscious.
● If the patient is very young, he/she may swallow the tooth, therefore it is advisable to ask the patient to spit in a container and place the tooth in it (AVOID WATER)
Storage media (if available) is advisable (tissue cutler / transport medium, Hanks balanced storage media (HBSS or saline)
Storage media
Milk and milk substitutes
Contents of significance
▸ Amino acids
▸ Carbohydrates
▸ Essential nutrients
● Long life milk is more advantageous
● Better than saliva and tap water
● pasteurized better
● Low fat milk preferable
● Storage period limit Milk products upto 4 hours Milk up to 8 hours
▸ Contents of significance
● vitamins, minerals, amino acids, carbohydrates, antioxidants, enzymes, phytonitrite
● Similar osmolality to body fluids
● Increases mitogenicity
● Economical & Easily available
● Full concentration is better
● Storage period limit-Upto 8 hours with pdl cell viability comparable to HBSS
▸ Contents of significance
● resin (55%) essential oils
● amino acids, minerals ethanol
● vitamins A, B complex, E and bioflavon
● Better preservation of root cementum layer
● Storage period limit Upto 45 mins with 90 % viability
▸ Contents of significance
● Ovalbumin, proteins,minerals
● Absence of contamination and easy access
● High ph and protein reaction to Pdl cells risk
● Proved to be better than milk in regeneration
● Storage period limit
biologically based procedures designed to replace damaged structures, including dentin and root structures, as well as cells of the pulp-dentin complex.
Replantation in dentistry / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Avulsion tooth
Endodontic Treatment
By Dr. Lama El Banna
Fifth-year second semester
Al Azhar University Palestine
Any Question inbox me here lama1997bana@gmail.com
Formulation and evaluation of herbal toothpaste compared with marketed prepar...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to formulate herbal toothpaste utilizing plant extract like Neem leaves, Guava leaves, Cinnamon bark other ingredient are Camphor, Honey. The plant extract ingredient posses the anti-bacterial. The herbal toothpaste formulated which can satisfy all the required condition to keep the mouth fresh and prevent tooth decay by bacteria. The formulated herbal toothpaste compared with marketed preparation. Physical examination: Colour-greenish brown, smooth in nature, relative density-10.2, pH-8.2, Extrudability-90.37, spredability- Good and stable formulation. The anti-microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus reveal that formulated herbal tooth paste exhibited notable activity with ZOI of 19.7 mm at MIC of 25μg/mL. the outcome of this research herbal toothpaste shows equal patronizing and engrossing passion over the marketed preparation it was consider after the comparing the marketed preparation(Colgate, Dabour Red, Dantkanti) with formulated herbal toothpaste. It has been good scope in future dental research and detal health of public.
Formulation and evaluation of herbal toothpaste compared with marketed prepar...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to formulate herbal toothpaste utilizing plant extract like Neem leaves, Guava leaves, Cinnamon bark other ingredient are Camphor, Honey. The plant extract ingredient posses the anti-bacterial. The herbal toothpaste formulated which can satisfy all the required condition to keep the mouth fresh and prevent tooth decay by bacteria. The formulated herbal toothpaste compared with marketed preparation. Physical examination: Colour-greenish brown, smooth in nature, relative density-10.2, pH-8.2, Extrudability-90.37, spredability- Good and stable formulation. The anti-microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus reveal that formulated herbal tooth paste exhibited notable activity with ZOI of 19.7 mm at MIC of 25μg/mL. the outcome of this research herbal toothpaste shows equal patronizing and engrossing passion over the marketed preparation it was consider after the comparing the marketed preparation(Colgate, Dabour Red, Dantkanti) with formulated herbal toothpaste. It has been good scope in future dental research and detal health of public.
Formulation and evaluation of tooth gel from aloe vera leaves extractroshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to formulate tooth gel utilizing leaf extract of Aloe vera. In multiple clinical studies, Aloe vera has used in dentistry for wound-healing effect, gingivitis, plaque control and curing oral mucosal lesions. Aloe vera is natural, ancient ingredient. The formulated Aloe vera tooth gel evaluated by physical examination: Colour-yellowish brown, Appearance-Homogeneous, smooth nature, Transparency-translucent and Relative density-10.5, No microbial growth in sample plate, pH-7.5, Viscosity-3100cp, Extrudability amount percent-91.33, Spreadability-6.5cm/sec and obsereved good stability. The anti-microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus reveal that formulated aloe vera tooth gel exhibited notable activity with ZOI of 19.5 mm at MIC of 25μg/mL. The outcome from this research evidently signified that the natural plant Aloe vera using to formulate tooth gel may be a new approach to formulate tooth gel economically and minimum side effect than synthetic formulation and good scope in future about dental research in natural remedies.
A detailed description of regenerative endodontics with illustrated journals right from its history,, needs, till its future advancements and challenges...
Gastro Intestinal Tract – By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 10 July 16
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 1 & Part B. Point 5 .Functional Anatomy of Gastro Intestinal Tract . Points in the syllabus are Mechanism of Secretion & composition of different digestive Juices ,Functions of salivary glands ,Stomach,Liver ,Pancreas ,small intestine & large intestine .The process of Digestion & Absorption .Movements of the gut ,Deglutition,Peristalsis ,Defecation & the control.Enteric Nervous System .
Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Web site – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Diet and dental caries - Diet charts and Diet counsellingKarishma Sirimulla
This seminar includes a brief introduction to Diet and Dental caries along with Role of carbohydrates,Proteins and Fats with Dental caries along with diet charts, diet modifications, Diet counselling,Food log and sugar substitutes
Introduction
● Avulsion is the complete displacement of tooth from the socket
● Avulsion of permanent teeth is seen in .5-3% of all dental injuries.
● It is one of the most serious injuries, and the prognosis is very much dependent on: Action taken at the place of injury And promptly after the avulsion.
Most of the cases,
Replantation
Treatment of choice
But cannot always carried out
Replantation NOT indicated;
First aid for avulsed teeth
● Dentist should be prepared to give advices about first aid for avulsed teeth to public.
● Avulsed teeth is on of a REAL EMERGENCY situation in dentistry.
● Instruction may be given by phone to people at the emergency site.
● Make sure that the avulsed tooth is a permanent tooth.
● Keep the patient calm.
● Fined the tooth and pick it up from the crown Not the root.
● If the tooth is dirty, wash it briefly (MAX 10 s) under cold running water and reposition it.
● Try to encourage the patient to replant the tooth.
● Once the tooth is in place bite into a napkin to hold the tooth in position.
● If it is not possible (e.g. pt unconscious), place the tooth in a glass of storage media (e.g. Milk) and bring with the patient to emergency clinic.
● The tooth can be transported in the mouth, by keeping the tooth inside the lip or cheek if the patient is conscious.
● If the patient is very young, he/she may swallow the tooth, therefore it is advisable to ask the patient to spit in a container and place the tooth in it (AVOID WATER)
Storage media (if available) is advisable (tissue cutler / transport medium, Hanks balanced storage media (HBSS or saline)
Storage media
Milk and milk substitutes
Contents of significance
▸ Amino acids
▸ Carbohydrates
▸ Essential nutrients
● Long life milk is more advantageous
● Better than saliva and tap water
● pasteurized better
● Low fat milk preferable
● Storage period limit Milk products upto 4 hours Milk up to 8 hours
▸ Contents of significance
● vitamins, minerals, amino acids, carbohydrates, antioxidants, enzymes, phytonitrite
● Similar osmolality to body fluids
● Increases mitogenicity
● Economical & Easily available
● Full concentration is better
● Storage period limit-Upto 8 hours with pdl cell viability comparable to HBSS
▸ Contents of significance
● resin (55%) essential oils
● amino acids, minerals ethanol
● vitamins A, B complex, E and bioflavon
● Better preservation of root cementum layer
● Storage period limit Upto 45 mins with 90 % viability
▸ Contents of significance
● Ovalbumin, proteins,minerals
● Absence of contamination and easy access
● High ph and protein reaction to Pdl cells risk
● Proved to be better than milk in regeneration
● Storage period limit
biologically based procedures designed to replace damaged structures, including dentin and root structures, as well as cells of the pulp-dentin complex.
Replantation in dentistry / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Avulsion tooth
Endodontic Treatment
By Dr. Lama El Banna
Fifth-year second semester
Al Azhar University Palestine
Any Question inbox me here lama1997bana@gmail.com
Formulation and evaluation of herbal toothpaste compared with marketed prepar...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to formulate herbal toothpaste utilizing plant extract like Neem leaves, Guava leaves, Cinnamon bark other ingredient are Camphor, Honey. The plant extract ingredient posses the anti-bacterial. The herbal toothpaste formulated which can satisfy all the required condition to keep the mouth fresh and prevent tooth decay by bacteria. The formulated herbal toothpaste compared with marketed preparation. Physical examination: Colour-greenish brown, smooth in nature, relative density-10.2, pH-8.2, Extrudability-90.37, spredability- Good and stable formulation. The anti-microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus reveal that formulated herbal tooth paste exhibited notable activity with ZOI of 19.7 mm at MIC of 25μg/mL. the outcome of this research herbal toothpaste shows equal patronizing and engrossing passion over the marketed preparation it was consider after the comparing the marketed preparation(Colgate, Dabour Red, Dantkanti) with formulated herbal toothpaste. It has been good scope in future dental research and detal health of public.
Formulation and evaluation of herbal toothpaste compared with marketed prepar...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to formulate herbal toothpaste utilizing plant extract like Neem leaves, Guava leaves, Cinnamon bark other ingredient are Camphor, Honey. The plant extract ingredient posses the anti-bacterial. The herbal toothpaste formulated which can satisfy all the required condition to keep the mouth fresh and prevent tooth decay by bacteria. The formulated herbal toothpaste compared with marketed preparation. Physical examination: Colour-greenish brown, smooth in nature, relative density-10.2, pH-8.2, Extrudability-90.37, spredability- Good and stable formulation. The anti-microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus reveal that formulated herbal tooth paste exhibited notable activity with ZOI of 19.7 mm at MIC of 25μg/mL. the outcome of this research herbal toothpaste shows equal patronizing and engrossing passion over the marketed preparation it was consider after the comparing the marketed preparation(Colgate, Dabour Red, Dantkanti) with formulated herbal toothpaste. It has been good scope in future dental research and detal health of public.
Formulation and evaluation of tooth gel from aloe vera leaves extractroshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to formulate tooth gel utilizing leaf extract of Aloe vera. In multiple clinical studies, Aloe vera has used in dentistry for wound-healing effect, gingivitis, plaque control and curing oral mucosal lesions. Aloe vera is natural, ancient ingredient. The formulated Aloe vera tooth gel evaluated by physical examination: Colour-yellowish brown, Appearance-Homogeneous, smooth nature, Transparency-translucent and Relative density-10.5, No microbial growth in sample plate, pH-7.5, Viscosity-3100cp, Extrudability amount percent-91.33, Spreadability-6.5cm/sec and obsereved good stability. The anti-microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus reveal that formulated aloe vera tooth gel exhibited notable activity with ZOI of 19.5 mm at MIC of 25μg/mL. The outcome from this research evidently signified that the natural plant Aloe vera using to formulate tooth gel may be a new approach to formulate tooth gel economically and minimum side effect than synthetic formulation and good scope in future about dental research in natural remedies.
A detailed description of regenerative endodontics with illustrated journals right from its history,, needs, till its future advancements and challenges...
Gastro Intestinal Tract – By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 10 July 16
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 1 & Part B. Point 5 .Functional Anatomy of Gastro Intestinal Tract . Points in the syllabus are Mechanism of Secretion & composition of different digestive Juices ,Functions of salivary glands ,Stomach,Liver ,Pancreas ,small intestine & large intestine .The process of Digestion & Absorption .Movements of the gut ,Deglutition,Peristalsis ,Defecation & the control.Enteric Nervous System .
Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Web site – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Diet and dental caries - Diet charts and Diet counsellingKarishma Sirimulla
This seminar includes a brief introduction to Diet and Dental caries along with Role of carbohydrates,Proteins and Fats with Dental caries along with diet charts, diet modifications, Diet counselling,Food log and sugar substitutes
Similar to In vitro comparative evaluation of different storage media(hank's (20)
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
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5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
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Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
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Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
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In vitro comparative evaluation of different storage media(hank's
1. In vitro comparative evaluation of different storage
media(hank’s balanced salt solution, propolis, aloe vera, and
pomegranate juice) for preservation of avulsed tooth
PRASHANT BABAJI, MAHESH MELKUNDI, RAGHU DEVANNA, B. S. SURESH, VISHWAJIT RAMPRATAP
CHAURASIA, AND P. V. GOPINATH
EUR J DENT. 2017 JAN-MAR; 11(1): 71–75.
PMID: 28435369
DR.RACHAEL GUPTA
POSTGRADUATE SECOND YEAR
3. INTRODUCTION
• TOOTH AVULSION
the complete displacement of the tooth from its alveolar socket which causes damage to
the periodontal ligament (PDL) structure, cementum, and alveolar bone, gingival tissue, and
dental pulp
Nozari A, Esmaeilpour T, Fijan S, Salmannejad M. Evaluation of the long-
shelf life honey milk as a storage media for preservation of avulsed teeth.
Caspian J Dent Res. 2013;2:42–7.
- complete displacement of tooth out of socket. The periodontal ligament is severed and fracture of
the alveolus may occur
Guideline on Management of Acute Dental Trauma
AAPD 2011
4. INTRODUCTION
• Tooth avulsion - more common in young age group where root formation is
incomplete.
• Incidence - 1% to 16% of traumatic injuries in permanent dentition.
• An appropriate T/T for avulsed tooth -Immediate replantation
Jain D, Dasar PL, Nagarajappa S. Natural products as storage
media for avulsed tooth. Saudi Endod J.
2015;5:107–13.
5. INTRODUCTION
• A vital periodontal membrane (PDL) - important for the successful healing of replanted teeth
• After avulsion, PDL tissues begin to dehydrate.
• During avulsion
Complete separation of tooth from the socket results
- in tearing of the PDL,
- leaving viable PDL cells on the root surface.
- A quarter of PDL cells comprise PDL fibroblasts, which are responsible for the reattachment of
the avulsed tooth after its reimplantation into its socket.
6. INTRODUCTION
However, immediate replantation cannot be possible always.
In cases of delayed replantation of avulsed tooth, - stored in appropriate storage media.
Failure of replanted tooth - External root resorption and pulp necrosis
7. INTRODUCTION
- The most critical factor in success of replanted avulsed teeth – extraoral dry time and
tooth storage media.
- Use of tooth storage media can prevent external root resorption and retain viability of
PDL cells.
8. INTRODUCTION
• Ideal requirements of storage media:
- low bacterial content,
- physiological osmomolarity,
- neutral pH, and essential nutrients
- should maintain viability of periodontal fibers
- no antigen-antibody reaction,
- antimicrobial,
- sterile;
- should be inexpensive
9. INTRODUCTION
• Various storage media suggested-
- hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS)
- milk
- soya milk
- pomegranate juice (PJ)
- Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
- Normal saline
-Propolis
-Viaspan
-Gatorade
-Saliva of patient
-Coconut water
10. INTRODUCTION
• The HBSS is suggested as storage media
– the International association of dental traumatology.
- best storage media, but it is expensive and not easily available.
• There is not yet a single solution that fulfills all requirements to be considered as
the ideal medium for temporary storage of avulsed teeth.
Jain D, Dasar PL, Nagarajappa S. Natural products as storage media for avulsed
tooth. Saudi Endod J. 2015;5:107–13.
11. INTRODUCTION
• Hence, there is search for accessible and economical storage media.
• Aloe vera and PJ are easily available and economical and hence can be
considered as tooth storage media.
• Propolis is naturally occurring substance.
• Several studies have shown the efficacy of A. vera and propolis in retaining cell
viability. Fulzele P, Baliga S, Thosar N, Pradhan D. Evaluation of Aloevera gel as a storage medium
in maintaining the viability of periodontal ligament cells – An in vitro study. J Clin Pediatr
Dent. 2016;40:49–52. [PubMed: 26696107]
Gopikrishna V, Baweja PS, Venkateshbabu N, Thomas T, Kandaswamy D. Comparison of
coconut water, propolis, HBSS, and milk on PDL cell survival. J Endod. 2008;34:587–9.
12. • The present study was undertaken to comparatively evaluate efficacy of different
storage media (HBSS, propolis, A. vera, and pomegranate).
13. MATERIALS AND METHODS
• IN PRESENT STUDY-
• 50 orthodontically extracted premolar teeth with intact crown, closed apex, and with healthy PDL
selected.
• The teeth were randomly divided into six groups –
• Test (10 samples in each group) and control (positive and negative control with five samples in
each) groups.
• Group-1: positive control, collagenase and dispase Grade II,
• Group-2: HBSS
• Group-3: porpolis,
• Group-4: A. vera,
• Group-5: pomegranate,
• Group-6: bench drying (negative control).
14. MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Immediately after the extraction,
all the teeth were immersed in respective storage media for the study purpose to
maintain equal baseline standardity for viable cells.
• Teeth were transferred to storage media by holding only crown portion with
extraction forceps and without disturbing the viable cells on root surface.
15. MATERIALS AND METHODS
• HBSS is commercially available.
• A. vera gel was obtained from fresh leaves. In fresh A. vera leaves
(Barbadensis), lower one inch of the leaf base and sharp spines along leaf margins
were removed with bard parker blade no. 15 with same blade inner gelatinous part
between the top and bottom rind was removed and the inner gel was collected into
test tube.
Fulzele P, Baliga S, Thosar N, Pradhan D. Evaluation of Aloevera gel as a
storage medium In maintaining the viability of periodontal ligament cells – An
in vitro study. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016;40:49–52
16. MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Solid propolis was grounded into fine particles with help of mortar and pestle.
• Propolis (50%) was prepared by adding 50 mg ground propolis/250 ml to 0.4%
ethanol solution.
• This solution was shaked for 15 min before transforming the study teeth
Gopikrishna V, Baweja PS, Venkateshbabu N, Thomas T, Kandaswamy
D. Comparison of coconut water, propolis, HBSS, and milk on PDL cell
survival. J Endod. 2008;34:587–9
17. MATERIALS AND METHODS
• The grains of fresh fruits of pomegranate (Punica granatum) were separated
carefully to extract the juice.
• PJ was prepared by squeezing the grains and filtering the juice.
• Pure juice was placed in Rotary Flash evaporator until the optimal concentration
was obtained.
• It was then filtered using filter paper to be suitable for passing through the 0.2
μm filter.
• The prepared PJ was kept in dark at +4°C until tested
18. MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Teeth in positive control group were treated immediately with collagenase and
dispase Type-II.
• Negative control group were bench-dried for 8 h without use of any storage
media then placed in dispase and collagenase and incubated at 37°C for 30 min.
19. MATERIALS AND METHODS
• After incubation, fetal bovine serum (50 ml) was added to each tube.
• Other teeth were kept for 45 min in respective test group media
• All tubes were subjected to centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 5 min and supernatant
was removed with sterile micropipettes.
• 0.4% trypan blue was used to label to determine viability of these PDL cells at 40X
magnification under light microscope with hemocytometer.
20. MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS software for Windows, Version
19.0., IBM Corp.,Armonk, NY, USA. Analysis of variance and multiple range were
done using Tukey's honestly significant difference with level of significance at 5%
(P > 0.05).
21. RESULTS
• Positive control media, collagenase dispase Type-II - 360,000 viable PDL cells
• Negative control with bench drying showed - 2000 viable cells.
• Propolis (285,000 viable cells with standard deviation (SD) 4.11028 and standard error (SE)
of 1.38097) showed more viable PDL cells followed by HBSS, A. vera, and pomegranate .
22. RESULTS
• Viability of cells in decreasing order is
• positive control > propolis > HBSS > A. vera > PJ > negative control. Least was
seen in negative control.
• pH and osmolality of various storage media
23. DISCUSSION
• The prognosis of replanted tooth depends
- minimal damage to PDL cells since it helps in regeneration, Attachment, and to prevent
resorption.
• An avulsed tooth can be replanted after 1–3 h without complications if stored in suitable
storage media.
• Blomlöf et al. suggested ideal requirement for storage media as
290–330 μ OSM/L and 6.6–7.8 pH.
Sanghavi T, Shah N, Parekh V, Singbal K. Evaluation and comparison of efficacy of
three different storage media, coconut water, propolis, and oral rehydration solution, in
maintaining the viability of periodontal ligament cells. J Conserv Dent. 2013
Blomlöf L, Otteskog P, Hammarström L. Effect of storage in media with
different ion strengths and osmolalities on human periodontal ligament cells.
Scand J Dent Res. 1981;89:180–7.
24. DISCUSSION
• Storage media such as A. vera and PJ - easily available and less expensive.
• A. vera is widely cultivated thorough out the world.
• Propolis showed more viable PDL cells followed by HBSS, A. vera, and pomegranate
• All the tested media had pH and osmolality in expectable range suggested by Blomlöf.
propolis had suitable pH (7.4) and osmolality (350 osml/L)
• Hence can maintain more viable cells compared to other test groups.
25. DISCUSSION
• HBSS
- considered as gold slandered as storage media.
- It has balanced pH (7.2)
- contains essential metabolites necessary for PDL cells viability.
- It has been found that it can maintain viability of PDL cells up to 48 h.
However storage of avulsed tooth maximum for 30 min in HBSS has been
recommended.
- It is nontoxic and commercially available as Save-A-Tooth, PA, USA.
- It is expensive and not easily available.
26. DISCUSSION
- Nozari et al 2013. observed HBSS was better than honey milk and milk to
maintain PDL cell viability.
- Gopikrishna et al 2008. found coconut as superior to HBSS, propolis, and milk.
- Sunil et al 2013. and Thomas et al2008. found coconut water as better storage
media than HBSS and milk.
27. DISCUSSION
• Propolis
- is a natural wax-like substance used by bees in construction of their hives.
- Composed of 50% resin and vegetable balsam, 30% wax, 10% essential and aromatic
oils, 5% pollen, and 5% various other organic substances.
- Antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, anti-ulcer, and
antitumor properties.
- nontoxic and inhibits osteoclastic resorption of teeth.
- It is not easily available.
28. DISCUSSION
• Ozan et al.2007 from their study found that propolis was superior to HBSS or
milk in maintaining PDL cell viability after storage of avulsed tooth.
• Similarly, efficacy of propolis in maintaining PDL cell was observed in many
studies.
Naseri M. Et al The effect of propolis as a
biological storage media on periodontal ligament cell survival in an avulsed tooth:
An in vitro study. Cell J.
2013;
29. DISCUSSION
They have found propolis (28,5000 viable cells with SD 4.11028 and SE of 1.38097)
as superior to HBSS, A. vera, and PJ in maintaining cell viability
• It has been found that 10% propolis can be used to store avulsed tooth for as
long as 24 h.
• Sanghavi et al(2013). found viable PDL cells with coconut, 50% propolis and ORS
solution.
Sanghavi T, Shah N, Parekh V, Singbal K. Evaluation and comparison of efficacy
of three different storage media, coconut water, propolis, and oral rehydration
solution, in maintaining the viability of periodontal ligament cells. J Conserv Dent.
2013
30. DISCUSSION
• A. vera (Barbadensis) gel
- contains more than 75 ingredients.
- commonly available plant.
- gel is made up of water (98%), active compounds such as amino acids, vitamins,
aloin, aloesin, aloe emodin, aloeride, naphthoquinones, methylchromones,
flavonoids, saponin, and sterols.
- antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune boosting, and
hypoglycemic properties.
31. DISCUSSION
• Badakha et al.(2014) found that A. vera at concentration of 10%, 30%, 50%
maintained cell viability recommended it as suitable storage media for avulsed
tooth.
• Fulzele et al.(2016) from their study concluded that highest viable cells found in
HBSS followed by A. vera over a period of 120 min.
• Sharma et al.(2015) found highest viable cells with A. vera when compared to egg
white and milk.
32. DISCUSSION
• Pomegranate (Punica Granatum) juice
- considered in ayurvedic medicine as “pharmacy unto itself”
- complete medicinal power in its seeds and juice.
- antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic properties,
- helps in fibroblast cell proliferation and cell attachment.
- It can be used as a storage media for avulsed tooth because of its physical
properties and maintains cell viability.
33. DISCUSSION
• Parsa M et al. 2014 from their study found that PJ is equally effective as HBSS.
suggested that 7.5% concentration of PJ is more effective and cell viability
increases with increased concentration.
34. DISCUSSION
• Trypan blue staining technique is used
- since it is easy and quick to perform and differentiates viable cells from nonviable
one.
- checked whether cells take up stains or not.
- Viable cells will have a clear cytoplasm
- Nonviable cell will have a blue cytoplasm.
35. DISCUSSION
• In study, PDL cells were treated with collagenase and dispase Grade II to preserve
maximum viability and to minimize exposure of cells to active trypan.
• It has been observed that collagenase and dispase help in maintaining maximum
cellular integrity.
36. DISCUSSION
• Aydin et al. form their study concluded that 12 months storage of the avulsed
teeth resulted in a statistically significant decrease in microhardness when
compared to microhardness of teeth stored for 2 months. Hence, teeth kept up to
2 months in deionized water, glutaraldehyde, HBSS, NaOCl, or in thymol solutions
can be used for mechanical in vitro tests
37. DISCUSSION
• Further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of propolis, A. vera, and PJ as
storage media at time interval from 30 min to 24 h.
38. CONCLUSION
• A. vera gel and PJ are easily available and less expensive.
• Propolis, A vera, and PJ can be used as an alternative tooth storage media since
we observed viable PDL cells in these storage media
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Prevalence- 7-9 years
0.5‐3% of all dental injuries
to avoid dehydration and to preserve the tooth vitality
he relative concentration of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane.
Collagenase and dispase assay provides a combination of collagenolytic and proteolytic enzymes required for tissue disaggregation
fetal bovine serum as growth supplement for cell culture media because of its high content of embryonic growth promoting factors. When used at appropriate concentrations, it supplies many defined and undefined components that have been shown to satisfy specific metabolic requirements for the culture of cells in vitro.