This document summarizes work to develop an improved search filter to more rapidly identify reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in Embase for inclusion in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Methods included developing and validating a sensitive search filter using reference sets of known RCTs. The updated 2015 filter identified RCTs with over 97.6% sensitivity compared to the previous Cochrane filter. Future work includes exploring text mining and crowdsourcing to further improve identification of RCTs for inclusion in CENTRAL.
Research conducted into this question relating to the ClinicalTrials.gov database and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform will be reported.
Continued citation of bad science and what we can do about it--2021-04-20jodischneider
Continued Citation of Bad Science and What We Can Do About It
Even papers that falsify data continue to be cited. I describe network and text analysis for studying how authors continue to cite bad science: articles retracted from the literature due to serious flaws or errors. I will present an in-depth case study of a human trial cited for over 10 years after it was retracted for falsifying data. Then, I will describe how the team scaled up to study a data set of 7000 retracted papers and hundreds of thousands of citations. Finally, I will discuss an ongoing Sloan-funded stakeholder consultation that is bringing editors, publishers, librarians, researchers, and research integrity experts together to address this problem.
BiographyJodi Schneider is Assistant Professor at the School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where she runs the Information Quality Lab. She studies the science of science through the lens of arguments, evidence, and persuasion with a special interest in controversies in science. Her recent work has focused on topics such as systematic review automation, semantic publication, and the citation of retracted papers. Interdisciplinarity (PhD in Informatics, MS Library & Information Science, MA Mathematics; BA Great Books/liberal arts) is a fundamental principle of her work. She has held research positions across the U.S. as well as in Ireland, England, France, and Chile. She leads the Alfred P. Sloan-funded project, Reducing the Inadvertent Spread of Retracted Science: Shaping a Research and Implementation Agenda. With Aaron Cohen and Neil Smalheiser she is working on the NIH R01 "Text Mining Pipeline to Accelerate Systematic Reviews in Evidence-Based Medicine". Talk with her about scoping reviews and about citation-based methods for updating systematic reviews!
Tuesday, April 20th, 2021
Noon-1PM Eastern
GWU - CNHS Informatics Seminar
Methods Pyramids as an Organizing Structure for Evidence-Based Medicine--SIGC...jodischneider
Keynote talk 2020-08-01 for the JCDL Workshop on Conceptual Models: https://sig-cm.github.io/news/JCDL-2020-CFP/
Discussion points:
* Methods are a key part of the Knowledge Organizing Structure for Evidence-Based Medicine.
* Methods relate to how we GENERATE evidence.
* Different methods generate evidence of different kinds and strength.
* I believe Methods can be useful in mining claims and arguments from papers: methods AUTHORIZE claims.
* More specialized hierarchies of evidence can be found in medicine
* Various groups are complicating the “evidence pyramid” hierarchy of evidence.
Are laboratory tests always needed frequency and causes of laboratory overu...Hossamaldin Alzawawi
This study analyzed laboratory test utilization in a hospital setting to identify overuse and underuse. The results showed that 20.6% of tests were overused while 44.8% were underused. Staff surveys found a lack of awareness around appropriate test ordering. Critical care had the highest canceled test reordering rate while outpatients had the lowest. The discussion concluded more education is needed for clinicians on test selection and utilizing laboratory physicians for consultations could improve practices and reduce errors. Limitations included the single-center design. In summary, this study evaluated laboratory test utilization, identified areas for improvement, and suggested strategies involving laboratory physicians could enhance appropriateness and patient safety.
COCHRANE OVERVIEW AND PRISMA STATEMENTKanhu Charan
1. The meta-analysis found that concomitant chemoradiotherapy improved overall survival compared to sequential chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, due to better locoregional control, though it increased acute esophageal toxicity.
2. Temozolomide improved survival and delayed progression compared to radiotherapy alone for glioblastoma, but increased early adverse events. For recurrent glioblastoma, temozolomide improved time to progression over standard chemotherapy.
3. Surgery for early cervical adenocarcinoma showed a benefit over radiotherapy in one RCT, but most operated patients required adjuvant radiotherapy with greater morbidity compared to chemoradiation.
The Cochrane Library is a collection of databases that provides high-quality, systematic reviews of the effects of healthcare interventions. It contains the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, which summarizes conclusions about the effectiveness of interventions based on empirical evidence. Cochrane Reviews are considered the gold standard for systematic reviews because they are conducted to the highest methodological quality and updated regularly. The Cochrane Library also includes databases of controlled trials, reviews of other systematic reviews, methodology research, and economic evaluations to inform evidence-based healthcare decisions.
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on improving the quality of systematic reviews. It discusses issues like selective reporting of outcomes, non-publication of reviews, lack of registration, and the need for funders to improve reporting guidelines and develop templates for reviews. It also presents results from studies showing most reviews are not updated and estimating the time needed to update reviews is around 5 years. Surveys found many organizations see updating as important but few have formal policies for it.
Lancaster design and analysis of pilot studiesnoorafifah
This document discusses recommendations for conducting pilot studies to plan randomized controlled trials (RCTs). It begins by reviewing literature on pilot studies and finding a lack of formal guidance on what constitutes a pilot study. The document then provides examples of objectives that could be addressed in an external pilot study to help plan an RCT, including: determining estimates needed to perform a sample size calculation for the larger trial; testing study protocols, data collection forms, and randomization procedures; and assessing recruitment and consent rates. Conducting pilot studies with clear objectives helps promote methodological rigor and leads to higher quality RCTs.
Research conducted into this question relating to the ClinicalTrials.gov database and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform will be reported.
Continued citation of bad science and what we can do about it--2021-04-20jodischneider
Continued Citation of Bad Science and What We Can Do About It
Even papers that falsify data continue to be cited. I describe network and text analysis for studying how authors continue to cite bad science: articles retracted from the literature due to serious flaws or errors. I will present an in-depth case study of a human trial cited for over 10 years after it was retracted for falsifying data. Then, I will describe how the team scaled up to study a data set of 7000 retracted papers and hundreds of thousands of citations. Finally, I will discuss an ongoing Sloan-funded stakeholder consultation that is bringing editors, publishers, librarians, researchers, and research integrity experts together to address this problem.
BiographyJodi Schneider is Assistant Professor at the School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where she runs the Information Quality Lab. She studies the science of science through the lens of arguments, evidence, and persuasion with a special interest in controversies in science. Her recent work has focused on topics such as systematic review automation, semantic publication, and the citation of retracted papers. Interdisciplinarity (PhD in Informatics, MS Library & Information Science, MA Mathematics; BA Great Books/liberal arts) is a fundamental principle of her work. She has held research positions across the U.S. as well as in Ireland, England, France, and Chile. She leads the Alfred P. Sloan-funded project, Reducing the Inadvertent Spread of Retracted Science: Shaping a Research and Implementation Agenda. With Aaron Cohen and Neil Smalheiser she is working on the NIH R01 "Text Mining Pipeline to Accelerate Systematic Reviews in Evidence-Based Medicine". Talk with her about scoping reviews and about citation-based methods for updating systematic reviews!
Tuesday, April 20th, 2021
Noon-1PM Eastern
GWU - CNHS Informatics Seminar
Methods Pyramids as an Organizing Structure for Evidence-Based Medicine--SIGC...jodischneider
Keynote talk 2020-08-01 for the JCDL Workshop on Conceptual Models: https://sig-cm.github.io/news/JCDL-2020-CFP/
Discussion points:
* Methods are a key part of the Knowledge Organizing Structure for Evidence-Based Medicine.
* Methods relate to how we GENERATE evidence.
* Different methods generate evidence of different kinds and strength.
* I believe Methods can be useful in mining claims and arguments from papers: methods AUTHORIZE claims.
* More specialized hierarchies of evidence can be found in medicine
* Various groups are complicating the “evidence pyramid” hierarchy of evidence.
Are laboratory tests always needed frequency and causes of laboratory overu...Hossamaldin Alzawawi
This study analyzed laboratory test utilization in a hospital setting to identify overuse and underuse. The results showed that 20.6% of tests were overused while 44.8% were underused. Staff surveys found a lack of awareness around appropriate test ordering. Critical care had the highest canceled test reordering rate while outpatients had the lowest. The discussion concluded more education is needed for clinicians on test selection and utilizing laboratory physicians for consultations could improve practices and reduce errors. Limitations included the single-center design. In summary, this study evaluated laboratory test utilization, identified areas for improvement, and suggested strategies involving laboratory physicians could enhance appropriateness and patient safety.
COCHRANE OVERVIEW AND PRISMA STATEMENTKanhu Charan
1. The meta-analysis found that concomitant chemoradiotherapy improved overall survival compared to sequential chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, due to better locoregional control, though it increased acute esophageal toxicity.
2. Temozolomide improved survival and delayed progression compared to radiotherapy alone for glioblastoma, but increased early adverse events. For recurrent glioblastoma, temozolomide improved time to progression over standard chemotherapy.
3. Surgery for early cervical adenocarcinoma showed a benefit over radiotherapy in one RCT, but most operated patients required adjuvant radiotherapy with greater morbidity compared to chemoradiation.
The Cochrane Library is a collection of databases that provides high-quality, systematic reviews of the effects of healthcare interventions. It contains the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, which summarizes conclusions about the effectiveness of interventions based on empirical evidence. Cochrane Reviews are considered the gold standard for systematic reviews because they are conducted to the highest methodological quality and updated regularly. The Cochrane Library also includes databases of controlled trials, reviews of other systematic reviews, methodology research, and economic evaluations to inform evidence-based healthcare decisions.
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on improving the quality of systematic reviews. It discusses issues like selective reporting of outcomes, non-publication of reviews, lack of registration, and the need for funders to improve reporting guidelines and develop templates for reviews. It also presents results from studies showing most reviews are not updated and estimating the time needed to update reviews is around 5 years. Surveys found many organizations see updating as important but few have formal policies for it.
Lancaster design and analysis of pilot studiesnoorafifah
This document discusses recommendations for conducting pilot studies to plan randomized controlled trials (RCTs). It begins by reviewing literature on pilot studies and finding a lack of formal guidance on what constitutes a pilot study. The document then provides examples of objectives that could be addressed in an external pilot study to help plan an RCT, including: determining estimates needed to perform a sample size calculation for the larger trial; testing study protocols, data collection forms, and randomization procedures; and assessing recruitment and consent rates. Conducting pilot studies with clear objectives helps promote methodological rigor and leads to higher quality RCTs.
Association between delayed initiation of adjuvant CMF or anthracycline-based...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) improves survival among patients with operable breast cancer. However, the effect of delay in AC initiation on survival is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the relationship between time to AC and
survival outcomes.
The document summarizes the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, which contains over 3000 systematic reviews and 1700 protocols. The reviews primarily analyze randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effects of interventions in healthcare relating to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and more. The database includes reviews of alternative and natural treatments as well as English and non-English language trials.
This document discusses systematic reviews and meta-analyses. It provides information on Number Needed to Treat (NNT) and Number Needed to Harm (NNH). It also discusses how to set up a protocol for a systematic review, including determining study design, selection criteria, treatment arms and statistical considerations. The Cochrane Collaboration is mentioned as performing systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate healthcare interventions.
The cochrane library an introduction for rheumatologists - 17 feb 2014Tamara Rader
The Cochrane Library provides high-quality systematic reviews and other evidence to inform healthcare decisions. It contains six databases, including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews which publishes Cochrane Reviews that synthesize medical studies. Cochrane Reviews follow a rigorous methodology to identify and analyze data from relevant studies to determine if interventions are effective. The goal is to provide reliable evidence to help patients, practitioners, and policymakers make informed choices about healthcare.
Open PHACTS Explorer demonstration and talk given at SWAT4LS, Edinburgh, 2013. The Explorer is an Ember JS MVC web application used to navigate the Open PHACTS Linked Data Cache without requiring any knowledge of RDF or SPARQL
Ht ai 2015 poster 238 - Efficiency of the Artificial Urinary SphincterREBRATSoficial
The document summarizes research on the artificial urinary sphincter (AS) for treating urinary incontinence following prostatectomy. It finds that while AS has success rates of around 79% and patient satisfaction, the evidence is limited as only one randomized controlled trial exists. Systematic reviews call for more studies directly comparing AS to other surgical therapies. Health technology assessments in Brazil did not recommend AS for public insurance due to low evidence, but private insurance does cover it. More high-quality research is needed to determine the effectiveness and costs of AS versus other options.
Automated weaning systems aim to improve adaptation of mechanical ventilation support based on continuous patient monitoring. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated 21 randomized controlled trials comparing automated weaning systems to non-automated weaning. Pooled results found that automated systems reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation by 10% and time spent in the intensive care unit by 8%. Automated systems also decreased weaning duration by 30%, with the greatest effect seen in mixed or medical intensive care unit populations and when using the Smartcare/PSTM system. There was no strong evidence of impact on mortality or hospital length of stay. Overall, automated weaning systems can reduce ventilation and intensive care unit times.
EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF FEATURE SELECTION ON IMPROVING PATIENT DETERIORATION ...IJDKP
This document discusses examining the effect of feature selection on improving patient deterioration prediction in intensive care units. The authors apply feature selection techniques to laboratory test data from the MIMIC-II database to identify the most important laboratory tests for predicting patient deterioration. They find that feature selection can help reduce redundant tests, potentially saving costs and allowing earlier treatment. The selected features provide insights into critical tests without domain expertise. In future work, the authors plan to evaluate additional feature selection methods and classification algorithms on this task.
Comparative efficacy of interventions to promote hand hygiene
in hospital: systematic review and network meta-analysis
Nantasit Luangasanatip,1, 2 Maliwan Hongsuwan,1 Direk Limmathurotsakul,1, 3 Yoel Lubell,1, 4
Andie S Lee,5, 6 Stephan Harbarth,5 Nicholas P J Day,1, 4 Nicholas Graves,2, 7 Ben S Cooper1, 4
Predicting volume of distribution for drug compounds using decision treesNithyakalyani Chinnaiah
This document provides an overview of a student's MSc dissertation project that aims to improve the prediction of volume of distribution (VD) for drug compounds using a two-stage classification-regression approach. The student conducted literature research on previous methods for predicting VD and proposes using a novel method that first classifies compounds into categories based on their VD values, then predicts a numeric VD value using regression models built specifically for each class. The document outlines the student's motivations and contributions, and provides background information on VD, molecular descriptors, classification and regression techniques like random forest that will be used. It also summarizes relevant prior work and previews the methodology that will be evaluated in the dissertation.
The Adapted ADAPTE approach to CPG adaptation proposed by the Alexandria Center for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines, Alexandria University, Egypt.
An oral presentation conducted by Prof. Tarek Omar during the national initiative of the Pediatrics Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, themed; 'Towards National Guidelines' that was launched in 2018 and started by Pediatrics CPGs
Do EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L Capture the Same Changes in Quality of Life Over Tim...Office of Health Economics
The existence of important dissimilarities between EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L, both in terms of the health profiles and preference-based values, is a key topic in current research. This study compares the performance of the 3L and 5L versions of the EQ-5D in capturing changes in quality of life and the resulting impact on estimates of QALYs for a large cohort of cancer patients. Data were obtained from Cancer2015, a large-scale longitudinal cancer cohort study in Australia. Cancer 2015 enrols newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve cancer patients, who complete quality of life questionnaires at baseline, and at various follow-up points (approximately 3 and/or 6 months continuously). Genetic Matching techniques are used to construct a match comparison group of patients. Post-matching regression adjustment is also implemented to control for any remaining imbalances. For matched QLQ-C30 profiles, we compare 3L and 5L tariffs, as well as the magnitude of changes in quality of life at different points along the treatment trajectory of individuals. We pay special attention to the sensitivity of the measures, by exploring the impact of 3L vs 5L on larger changes in quality of life compared to smaller changes. Our analysis finds that improvements in HRQoL as measured by the QLU-C10D (which is derived from the condition specific EORTC QLQ-C30 instrument) appear to be associated with smaller changes in utility quantified by the 5L compared to the 3L. When HRQoL is deteriorating between observations then the 5L tariff is found to produce bigger utility losses. While the crosswalk (a) loses the increased sensitivity of the 5L (if it detects more change) but (b) it stretches out utility values across a larger range (the 3L range), and hence gains or losses are larger and more in line with the 3L tariffs.
Author(s) and affiliation(s): Paula Lorgelly (OHE), Patricia Cubi-Molla (OHE), Mark Pennington (King's College London), Richard Norman (Curtin)
Conference/meeting: EuHea 2018
Location: Maastricht, Netherlands
Date: 13/07/2018
This document discusses statistical guidelines and considerations for clinical trials from various organizations. It provides an overview of how statistics are described in ICH, WHO, Malaysian, and European guidelines. Key points covered include the importance of pre-specifying the statistical analysis plan before a trial begins, considerations for study design such as randomization and blinding, determining sample size, evaluating safety data, and reporting trial results according to the pre-specified plan.
This document provides course descriptions for epidemiology, biostatistics, and pharmaceutical outcomes research and policy programs. It describes courses covering topics like epidemiologic methods, biostatistical analysis, pharmacoepidemiology, health economics, and more. Students must complete required coursework, electives, and a thesis or dissertation to earn a master's or PhD.
The document summarizes the results of a project that used a business intelligence software to identify potential drug discovery opportunities in oncology research related to cancer stem cells. The project searched literature databases to identify novel targets, compounds, and assays from research in the US and China since 2008. Key findings included several novel targets, compounds, and assays of interest to pharmaceutical companies, as well as identification of major researchers and institutions involved in related work in the US and China.
Cost-Effective Approach to Managing Lab RR for Local Laboratories in CR, 2012Vadim Tantsyura
This document discusses managing laboratory reference ranges (RRs) from local laboratories in clinical research trials. It notes that using a single central laboratory is not always feasible, but managing RRs from multiple local labs can be complex and labor intensive. The inherent variability of RRs between labs and populations creates challenges for accurately interpreting results. Standardizing to a common set of "published" or "standard" RRs across sites may help address these issues in a more cost-effective manner than managing site-specific RRs.
Comparison of registered and published intervention fidelity assessment in cl...valéry ridde
A methodologically oriented systematic review was conducted to study current practices concerning the assessment of intervention fidelity in CRTs of public health interventions conducted in LMICs.
The document discusses trends in clinical research and career prospects. It provides an overview of clinical trials, including what they are, their guiding principles, and a brief history highlighting the first clinical trial in 1747. It then covers topics like good clinical practice guidelines, the various phases of clinical trials, and career options in clinical research. Emerging trends are also summarized, such as the movement from paper-based to electronic data collection and regulatory submissions. Overall, the document offers a high-level introduction to clinical research processes, guidelines, and associated career paths.
Introduce IUON students to evidence-based nursing literature and effective strategies for searching for and accessing evidence-based research in nursing.
This systematic review analyzed 37 studies on quality control practices in processing respiratory specimens in microbiology laboratories. The studies were published between 2010-2023, with most (76%) in the last 5 years. Various study designs were used, including observational studies (57%), systematic reviews (22%), and expert opinions (14%). Common specimen types studied were sputum (43%) and nasopharyngeal swabs (30%). While processing and testing methods varied, most studies (78%) recommended quality control measures such as use of standardized protocols, regular performance monitoring, participation in external assurance programs, and staff training. In conclusion, the review highlighted the importance of quality control to ensure reliable and valid laboratory results for respiratory infections.
Association between delayed initiation of adjuvant CMF or anthracycline-based...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) improves survival among patients with operable breast cancer. However, the effect of delay in AC initiation on survival is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the relationship between time to AC and
survival outcomes.
The document summarizes the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, which contains over 3000 systematic reviews and 1700 protocols. The reviews primarily analyze randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effects of interventions in healthcare relating to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and more. The database includes reviews of alternative and natural treatments as well as English and non-English language trials.
This document discusses systematic reviews and meta-analyses. It provides information on Number Needed to Treat (NNT) and Number Needed to Harm (NNH). It also discusses how to set up a protocol for a systematic review, including determining study design, selection criteria, treatment arms and statistical considerations. The Cochrane Collaboration is mentioned as performing systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate healthcare interventions.
The cochrane library an introduction for rheumatologists - 17 feb 2014Tamara Rader
The Cochrane Library provides high-quality systematic reviews and other evidence to inform healthcare decisions. It contains six databases, including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews which publishes Cochrane Reviews that synthesize medical studies. Cochrane Reviews follow a rigorous methodology to identify and analyze data from relevant studies to determine if interventions are effective. The goal is to provide reliable evidence to help patients, practitioners, and policymakers make informed choices about healthcare.
Open PHACTS Explorer demonstration and talk given at SWAT4LS, Edinburgh, 2013. The Explorer is an Ember JS MVC web application used to navigate the Open PHACTS Linked Data Cache without requiring any knowledge of RDF or SPARQL
Ht ai 2015 poster 238 - Efficiency of the Artificial Urinary SphincterREBRATSoficial
The document summarizes research on the artificial urinary sphincter (AS) for treating urinary incontinence following prostatectomy. It finds that while AS has success rates of around 79% and patient satisfaction, the evidence is limited as only one randomized controlled trial exists. Systematic reviews call for more studies directly comparing AS to other surgical therapies. Health technology assessments in Brazil did not recommend AS for public insurance due to low evidence, but private insurance does cover it. More high-quality research is needed to determine the effectiveness and costs of AS versus other options.
Automated weaning systems aim to improve adaptation of mechanical ventilation support based on continuous patient monitoring. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated 21 randomized controlled trials comparing automated weaning systems to non-automated weaning. Pooled results found that automated systems reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation by 10% and time spent in the intensive care unit by 8%. Automated systems also decreased weaning duration by 30%, with the greatest effect seen in mixed or medical intensive care unit populations and when using the Smartcare/PSTM system. There was no strong evidence of impact on mortality or hospital length of stay. Overall, automated weaning systems can reduce ventilation and intensive care unit times.
EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF FEATURE SELECTION ON IMPROVING PATIENT DETERIORATION ...IJDKP
This document discusses examining the effect of feature selection on improving patient deterioration prediction in intensive care units. The authors apply feature selection techniques to laboratory test data from the MIMIC-II database to identify the most important laboratory tests for predicting patient deterioration. They find that feature selection can help reduce redundant tests, potentially saving costs and allowing earlier treatment. The selected features provide insights into critical tests without domain expertise. In future work, the authors plan to evaluate additional feature selection methods and classification algorithms on this task.
Comparative efficacy of interventions to promote hand hygiene
in hospital: systematic review and network meta-analysis
Nantasit Luangasanatip,1, 2 Maliwan Hongsuwan,1 Direk Limmathurotsakul,1, 3 Yoel Lubell,1, 4
Andie S Lee,5, 6 Stephan Harbarth,5 Nicholas P J Day,1, 4 Nicholas Graves,2, 7 Ben S Cooper1, 4
Predicting volume of distribution for drug compounds using decision treesNithyakalyani Chinnaiah
This document provides an overview of a student's MSc dissertation project that aims to improve the prediction of volume of distribution (VD) for drug compounds using a two-stage classification-regression approach. The student conducted literature research on previous methods for predicting VD and proposes using a novel method that first classifies compounds into categories based on their VD values, then predicts a numeric VD value using regression models built specifically for each class. The document outlines the student's motivations and contributions, and provides background information on VD, molecular descriptors, classification and regression techniques like random forest that will be used. It also summarizes relevant prior work and previews the methodology that will be evaluated in the dissertation.
The Adapted ADAPTE approach to CPG adaptation proposed by the Alexandria Center for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines, Alexandria University, Egypt.
An oral presentation conducted by Prof. Tarek Omar during the national initiative of the Pediatrics Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, themed; 'Towards National Guidelines' that was launched in 2018 and started by Pediatrics CPGs
Do EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L Capture the Same Changes in Quality of Life Over Tim...Office of Health Economics
The existence of important dissimilarities between EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L, both in terms of the health profiles and preference-based values, is a key topic in current research. This study compares the performance of the 3L and 5L versions of the EQ-5D in capturing changes in quality of life and the resulting impact on estimates of QALYs for a large cohort of cancer patients. Data were obtained from Cancer2015, a large-scale longitudinal cancer cohort study in Australia. Cancer 2015 enrols newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve cancer patients, who complete quality of life questionnaires at baseline, and at various follow-up points (approximately 3 and/or 6 months continuously). Genetic Matching techniques are used to construct a match comparison group of patients. Post-matching regression adjustment is also implemented to control for any remaining imbalances. For matched QLQ-C30 profiles, we compare 3L and 5L tariffs, as well as the magnitude of changes in quality of life at different points along the treatment trajectory of individuals. We pay special attention to the sensitivity of the measures, by exploring the impact of 3L vs 5L on larger changes in quality of life compared to smaller changes. Our analysis finds that improvements in HRQoL as measured by the QLU-C10D (which is derived from the condition specific EORTC QLQ-C30 instrument) appear to be associated with smaller changes in utility quantified by the 5L compared to the 3L. When HRQoL is deteriorating between observations then the 5L tariff is found to produce bigger utility losses. While the crosswalk (a) loses the increased sensitivity of the 5L (if it detects more change) but (b) it stretches out utility values across a larger range (the 3L range), and hence gains or losses are larger and more in line with the 3L tariffs.
Author(s) and affiliation(s): Paula Lorgelly (OHE), Patricia Cubi-Molla (OHE), Mark Pennington (King's College London), Richard Norman (Curtin)
Conference/meeting: EuHea 2018
Location: Maastricht, Netherlands
Date: 13/07/2018
This document discusses statistical guidelines and considerations for clinical trials from various organizations. It provides an overview of how statistics are described in ICH, WHO, Malaysian, and European guidelines. Key points covered include the importance of pre-specifying the statistical analysis plan before a trial begins, considerations for study design such as randomization and blinding, determining sample size, evaluating safety data, and reporting trial results according to the pre-specified plan.
This document provides course descriptions for epidemiology, biostatistics, and pharmaceutical outcomes research and policy programs. It describes courses covering topics like epidemiologic methods, biostatistical analysis, pharmacoepidemiology, health economics, and more. Students must complete required coursework, electives, and a thesis or dissertation to earn a master's or PhD.
The document summarizes the results of a project that used a business intelligence software to identify potential drug discovery opportunities in oncology research related to cancer stem cells. The project searched literature databases to identify novel targets, compounds, and assays from research in the US and China since 2008. Key findings included several novel targets, compounds, and assays of interest to pharmaceutical companies, as well as identification of major researchers and institutions involved in related work in the US and China.
Cost-Effective Approach to Managing Lab RR for Local Laboratories in CR, 2012Vadim Tantsyura
This document discusses managing laboratory reference ranges (RRs) from local laboratories in clinical research trials. It notes that using a single central laboratory is not always feasible, but managing RRs from multiple local labs can be complex and labor intensive. The inherent variability of RRs between labs and populations creates challenges for accurately interpreting results. Standardizing to a common set of "published" or "standard" RRs across sites may help address these issues in a more cost-effective manner than managing site-specific RRs.
Comparison of registered and published intervention fidelity assessment in cl...valéry ridde
A methodologically oriented systematic review was conducted to study current practices concerning the assessment of intervention fidelity in CRTs of public health interventions conducted in LMICs.
The document discusses trends in clinical research and career prospects. It provides an overview of clinical trials, including what they are, their guiding principles, and a brief history highlighting the first clinical trial in 1747. It then covers topics like good clinical practice guidelines, the various phases of clinical trials, and career options in clinical research. Emerging trends are also summarized, such as the movement from paper-based to electronic data collection and regulatory submissions. Overall, the document offers a high-level introduction to clinical research processes, guidelines, and associated career paths.
Trends in clinical research and career gd 09_may20
Similar to Improving rapid access to reports of RCTs from EMBASE: innovative methods to enhance the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)
Introduce IUON students to evidence-based nursing literature and effective strategies for searching for and accessing evidence-based research in nursing.
This systematic review analyzed 37 studies on quality control practices in processing respiratory specimens in microbiology laboratories. The studies were published between 2010-2023, with most (76%) in the last 5 years. Various study designs were used, including observational studies (57%), systematic reviews (22%), and expert opinions (14%). Common specimen types studied were sputum (43%) and nasopharyngeal swabs (30%). While processing and testing methods varied, most studies (78%) recommended quality control measures such as use of standardized protocols, regular performance monitoring, participation in external assurance programs, and staff training. In conclusion, the review highlighted the importance of quality control to ensure reliable and valid laboratory results for respiratory infections.
Embase webinar pico search strategies as of 042115v3Ann-Marie Roche
This document describes how to construct a PICO search strategy to answer clinical questions using Embase. It explains that PICO search strategies are comprised of separate search strings for the patient population (P), intervention (I), and study type. It provides examples of search strings for common study types like randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and systematic reviews. The document demonstrates how to build a prognosis PICO search strategy step-by-step, including combining the P, I, and study type search strings with filters and limits. The goal is to retrieve the most relevant evidence while excluding irrelevant publication types and animal studies.
The ARRIVE guidelines were created by the National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research to improve reporting standards for preclinical studies. The guidelines provide a checklist of essential information to include in preclinical study manuscripts, such as the species, strain and characteristics of animals used, experimental methods, results with measures of precision, and implications for the 3Rs of animal research. While some items may not apply to all studies, the checklist aims to promote transparent, accurate and reproducible reporting of preclinical research.
This document provides information about experimental methods and research sampling. It defines key terms like participants, variables, instruments, and sampling. It explains that experiments manipulate independent variables to determine their effect on dependent variables. Random assignment and controlled conditions are used to test hypotheses. The document also discusses different types of sampling methods like probability and non-probability sampling. It provides examples of specific sampling techniques like simple random sampling and stratified sampling. Finally, it outlines different types of experimental designs used in research like pre-experimental, quasi-experimental, and true experimental designs.
The document describes the results of a spirit week survey given to students. It includes data on students' grade levels, their ratings of spirit week events and participation, and whether spirit week took away from class time. The survey sample consisted of 40 students selected through convenience sampling by approaching students in classrooms. The population was the entire school of approximately 650 students. The survey aimed to gather student opinions on spirit week activities and impact on school spirit.
The document discusses the results of a spirit week survey given to students. It provides the results of 9 multiple choice questions about students' participation in and enjoyment of spirit week events. Some key findings were that lip syncing and decade day were most students' favorite events, while penny wars was the least favorite. Most students reported that spirit week had a slight or average increase on their school spirit. The survey sample consisted of 40 students selected through convenience sampling.
The document then discusses concepts related to controlled experiments and blocking in experimental design. It provides an example of how a block design could be used in a drug trial to control for different age groups as a lurking variable. In the example, subjects are divided into blocks based on
Leveraging Publicly Accessible Clinical Trails Data Sharing, Dissemination an...Vaticle
In the broader realm of the advancement of science and the betterment of the human condition, there are several purported benefits for sharing clinical trials and research data. The scientific community has just begun to embrace open-access datasets to build their knowledge base, gain insight into new discoveries, and generate novel data-driven hypotheses that were not initially formulated in the studies. With the increasing amount of clinical trial data available, comes the need to leverage a multitude of shared datasets. Your knowledge base needs to facilitate discovery across research domains.
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1. Providing Consultancy &
Research in Health Economics
Julie Glanville, York Health Economics Consortium, UK
Gordon Dooley, Metaxis, UK
Anna Noel Storr, Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group
Ruth Foxlee, Cochrane Editorial Unit
October 2015
Improving rapid access to reports of
RCTs from Embase: innovative
methods to enhance the Cochrane
Central Register of Controlled Trials
(CENTRAL)
2. Providing Consultancy &
Research in Health Economics
Presentation Overview
Background
Objectives
Methods
Results
The future
3. Background
Cochrane systematic reviews rely on the efficient identification of
research evidence, specifically evidence from randomised
controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi randomised studies.
The largest single source of RCTs is the Cochrane Central Register
of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)
CENTRAL was mainly populated with records from Medline, but
also contained records from Embase
Collaboration identified the need for improved rapid identification of
trials from Embase for inclusion in CENTRAL
4. The project and its
objectives
The Cochrane Collaboration commissioned the Embase update
project in March 2013
Project is undertaken by a consortium of three organisations
the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group
Metaxis, UK
York Health Economics Consortium. University of York, UK
Objectives
To identify reports of RCTs and controlled clinical trials from
Embase for more rapid availability in CENTRAL
Today I will report on the development of the bespoke search filter
to identify the trials
5. Methods, 1
We developed and validated a sensitive search filter to identify
reports of RCTs
Reference standard of 10,000 randomly selected relevant Embase
reports of RCTs and quasi RCTs already available in CENTRAL
was compiled.
published 2000-2010
Used Simstatw and Wordstatw to Identify terms, phrases and
grouped terms within that reference standard set of records
which could be tested in filters
6. Methods, 2: techniques for
identifying candidate terms
The frequency of terms which appeared in more than 10 records.
Terms were analysed by their location within a record: title,
abstract, EMTREE headings. Also all terms (independent of their
location within a record) were analysed by frequency.
The WordStat phrase finding option was used to identify phrases
which appeared in more than 10 records.
Case occurrence and term frequency–inverse document frequency
(tf*idf) were tested.
WordStat clustering option to identify terms which form groups, i.e.
words which often appear in close proximity to each other.
7. Methods, 3: testing and
validation
Draft strategies were tested on a second set of 10,000 randomly
selected Embase RCT records from CENTRAL
The best candidate filter was validated against a third set of 10,000
randomly selected Embase RCT records from CENTRAL
We also assessed the performance of the filter against the previous
Cochrane filter
8. Methods, 3: 2015 revision
Cochrane 2014 strategy was revised and a range of exclusion
terms were added
These were identified from the rejected studies
Subject terms and also animal terms
The impact of the exclusions was tested
The revised strategy was adopted from February 2015 onwards
This summer we have developed a filter just to remove animal
studies presented as conference papers
9. Results (reference standard 3)
The validated search filter identifies reports of RCTs in
Embase with over 97.6% sensitivity
97.6% in records published in 2002 (reference standard 3)
100% in records published in 2010 (reference standard 3)
Number needed to read
156 (records published in 2001)
400 (records published in 2010)
10. Embase Filter (Ovid
interface) 2014
1. Randomized controlled trial/
2. Controlled clinical study/
3. 1 or 2
4. Random$.ti,ab.
5. randomization/
6. intermethod comparison/
7. placebo.ti,ab.
8. (compare or compared or comparison).ti.
9. ((evaluated or evaluate or evaluating or
assessed or assess) and (compare or
compared or comparing or
comparison)).ab.
10. (open adj label).ti,ab.
11. ((double or single or doubly or singly) adj
(blind or blinded or blindly)).ti,ab.
12. double blind procedure/
13. parallel group$1.ti,ab.
14. (crossover or cross over).ti,ab.
15. ((assign$ or match or matched or
allocation) adj5 (alternate or group$1 or
intervention$1 or patient$1 or subject$1
or participant$1)).ti,ab.
16. (assigned or allocated).ti,ab.
17. (controlled adj7 (study or design or
trial)).ti,ab.
18. (volunteer or volunteers).ti,ab.
19. human experiment/
20. trial.ti.
21. or/4-20
22. 21 not 3
11. Process
An analysis of the records retrieved resulted in a tiered
record assessment process
The most obvious RCT reports are fast-tracked into CENTRAL
Animal studies are set to one side for team assessment
The less obvious RCT records are assessed for relevance by
internet crowdsourcing
Record screening software written by Metaxis
Between two and six people assess whether a record is really a
report of an RCT
12. Performance against
original Cochrane filter
The Cochrane 2014 filter found 71,448 records that were not
retrieved by the original Cochrane filter:
1000 of the most recent records were obtained for assessment.
9.1% were possibly reports of CCTs or RCTs
If this % is extrapolated to the 71,448 unique records retrieved by the
Cochrane 2014 filter then 6500 extra reports of RCTs might be identifed
by this filter
The original filter found 988/1000 records that were not retrieved by
the Cochrane 2014 filter: all of these records were downloaded.
3% of these records were possibly reports of controlled clinical trials
The records found by both filters totalled 33,360.
13. Cochrane 2015 filter
The following two slides show the search
terms which are excluded from the results
of the Cochrane 2014 filter
1. Cochrane 2014 filter
2. Exclusions (2015)
3. 1 NOT 2
14. Cochrane 2015 filter
exclusions, 1
(random$ adj sampl$ adj7 ("cross section$" or questionnaire$1 or
survey$ or database$1)).ti,ab. not (comparative study/ or controlled
study/ or randomi?ed controlled.ti,ab. or randomly assigned.ti,ab.)
(5813)
Cross-sectional study/ not (randomized controlled trial/ or controlled
clinical study/ or controlled study/ or randomi?ed controlled.ti,ab. or
control group$1.ti,ab.) (100831)
(((case adj control$) and random$) not randomi?ed controlled).ti,ab.
(10405)
(Systematic review not (trial or study)).ti. (44089)
(nonrandom$ not random$).ti,ab. (11950)
"Random field$".ti,ab. (1294)
(random cluster adj3 sampl$).ti,ab. (703)
15. Cochrane 2015 filter
(review.ab. and review.pt.) not trial.ti. (480641)
"we searched".ab. and (review.ti. or review.pt.) (13032)
"update review".ab. (64)
(databases adj4 searched).ab. (11423)
(rat or rats or mouse or mice or swine or porcine or murine or sheep
or lambs or pigs or piglets or rabbit or rabbits or cat or cats or dog
or dogs or cattle or bovine or monkey or monkeys or trout or
marmoset$1).ti. and animal experiment/ (819059)
Animal experiment/ not (human experiment/ or human/) (1669138)
((In vitro or invitro) not (invivo or "in vivo")).ti. (239064)
or/1-14 (2553242)
16. Embase processing
January 2014-end Jan 2015 using Cochrane 2014 filter
February 2015-July 2015 using revised filter
Jan 2014 to 31
Jan 2015
Feb 2015-
July 2015
inclusive
Total retrieved 153610 78516
Records sent directly into
Central 54282 9607
Screened RCT or CCT 4324 4515
Screened Reject 94095 63900
Screened Unsure 909 494
17. Study identification:
precision
Jan 2014 to 31
Jan 2015
Feb 2015-July
2015 inclusive
Precision: all records 38.15% 17.99%
Precision: screened records 4.55% 7.01%
NNR all RCT/CCT records 2.621063 5.559836
NNR screened records only 21.97132 14.26224
January 2014-end Jan 2015 using Cochrane 2014 filter
February 2015-July 2015 using revised filter
18. Summary
Many next steps including exploring text mining options
We have achieved improved currency of Embase record
availability in CENTRAL
The number of irrelevant and duplicate records will be
fewer
Searchers will be able to identify more RCTs more
accurately than previously by a rapid search of
CENTRAL
19. We need help!
Please visit our project website
http://www.metaxis.com/embasepublic/
Feel free to join the crowd!
http://www.metaxis.com/embase/login.php
20. Providing Consultancy &
Research in Health Economics
http://tinyurl.com/yhec-facebook
http://twitter.com/YHEC1
http://www.minerva-network.com/
Thank you
julie.glanville@york.ac.uk
Telephone: +44 1904 324832
Website: www.yhec.co.uk
Editor's Notes
The frequency of terms which appeared in more than 10 records. Terms were analysed by their location within a record: title, abstract, EMTREE headings. Also all terms (independent of their location within a record) were analysed by frequency.
The WordStat phrase finding option was used to identify phrases which appeared in more than 10 records.
Case occurrence and term frequency–inverse document frequency (tf*idf) were tested. Case occurrence is the frequency of presence of terms in the body of records. The tf*idf statistic reflects how important a word is to a record in a set of records. The tf-idf value increases proportionally to the number of times a word appears in the record, but is offset by the frequency of the word in the set of records. This helps to take account of the fact that some words are more common than others.The highest frequency terms (Randomized controlled trial/ and Controlled study/), which provided the highest number of relevant records, were identified and removed from the analysis. The yield of terms using the case occurrence analysis and the tf*idf analysis were then explored to identify whether different terms would be highlighted by each approach.
WordStat clustering option to identify terms which form groups, i.e. words which often appear in close proximity to each other.
Each of these analyses generated candidate terms which were then tested in candidate filters, to ascertain how many of the gold standard records they could identify in Ovid Embase. All of the gold standard records were identified in Embase by searching for their unique identifier.
Case occurrence is the frequency of presence of terms in the body of records. The tf*idf statistic reflects how important a word is to a record in a set of records. The tf-idf value increases proportionally to the number of times a word appears in the record, but is offset by the frequency of the word in the set of records. This helps to take account of the fact that some words are more common than others.The highest frequency terms (Randomized controlled trial/ and Controlled study/), which provided the highest number of relevant records, were identified and removed from the analysis. The yield of terms using the case occurrence analysis and the tf*idf analysis were then explored to identify whether different terms would be highlighted by each approach.
The frequency of terms which appeared in more than 10 records. Terms were analysed by their location within a record: title, abstract, EMTREE headings. Also all terms (independent of their location within a record) were analysed by frequency.
The WordStat phrase finding option was used to identify phrases which appeared in more than 10 records.
Case occurrence and term frequency–inverse document frequency (tf*idf) were tested. Case occurrence is the frequency of presence of terms in the body of records. The tf*idf statistic reflects how important a word is to a record in a set of records. The tf-idf value increases proportionally to the number of times a word appears in the record, but is offset by the frequency of the word in the set of records. This helps to take account of the fact that some words are more common than others.The highest frequency terms (Randomized controlled trial/ and Controlled study/), which provided the highest number of relevant records, were identified and removed from the analysis. The yield of terms using the case occurrence analysis and the tf*idf analysis were then explored to identify whether different terms would be highlighted by each approach.
WordStat clustering option to identify terms which form groups, i.e. words which often appear in close proximity to each other.
Each of these analyses generated candidate terms which were then tested in candidate filters, to ascertain how many of the gold standard records they could identify in Ovid Embase. All of the gold standard records were identified in Embase by searching for their unique identifier.
n March 2013 the contract to identify Embase records was awarded to a consortium made up of Metaxis Ltd, the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group, and York Health Economics Consortium (YHEC). Searches covering January 2011 to December 2013 identified 33,564 unique Embase records and these were published in CENTRAL, January 2014 Issue 1. All these records were identified from a search in Embase (via Ovid SP) using the Emtree terms Randomized Controlled Trial or Controlled Clinical Trial. It is estimated that 2/3 of records eligible for CENTRAL (according to CERT guidance) from the backlog have been captured and fed into CENTRAL by this search; work to identify the remaining third, (i.e. records not indexed with the RCT or CCT term) is ongoing. The estimates are based on a ‘gold standard’ set of records (made up of large random samples of 1000 Embase records already in CENTRAL across all years). The record set added January issue 1 did not include conference publications; work on these is also ongoing.
Records based on a newly developed highly sensitive search strategy will be fed into CENTRAL from January 2014 on a monthly basis. The search strategy currently is:
1 Random$.ti,ab.
2 randomization/
3 intermethod comparison/
4 placebo.ti,ab.
5 (compare or compared or comparison).ti.
6 ((evaluated or evaluate or evaluating or assessed or assess) and (compare or compared or comparing or comparison)).ab.
7 (open adj label).ti,ab.
8 ((double or single or doubly or singly) adj (blind or blinded or blindly)).ti,ab.
9 double blind procedure/
10 parallel group$1.ti,ab.
11 (crossover or cross over).ti,ab.
12 ((match or matched or allocation) adj5 (alternate or group$1 or intervention$1 or patient$1 or subject$1 or participant$1)).ti,ab.
13 (assigned or allocated).ti,ab.
14 (controlled adj7 (study or design or trial)).ti,ab.
15 (volunteer or volunteers).ti,ab.
16 human experiment/
17 trial.ti.
18 or/1-17
19 18 NOT tier 1 results [RCT/ OR CCT/]
20 19 not conference abstract.pt.
21 (mammal/ or marine species/ or nonhuman/ or bird/ or animal experiment/ or exp rodent/ or cattle/) not human/
22 20 not 21
Animal studies
Hi, using the animal studies you sent me I have devised the following. It performs just a little better than the one Anna devised. However, adding in the NOT human/ does mean that it fails to spot lots of animal studies which EMBASE has also tagged with HUMAN. My strategy is line 17, Anna's is line 18. Mine finds all of Anna's and some extra. The test on the 33 you sent me on Sunday show that the filter removes 9, but doesn't remove 24. These are a bunch of studies with Human in as well!!!
Not sure whether we want to propose another 2 -tier approach - use line 17 and then do it again without the 'not Human/' to give those a quick eyeball rather than submitting to the reviewers? if you did that my strategy removes 32 in total and 1 slips through - paper about food chemistry.
Ideally we need to test this some more on more result sets.
1 exp experimental organism/ 302378
2 animal tissue/ 726327
3 animal cell/ 697222
4 exp animal disease/ 139836
5 exp carnivore disease/ 25207
6 exp bird/ 97046
7 exp experimental animal welfare/ 2288
8 exp animal husbandry/ 34998
9 animal behavior/ 52234
10 exp animal cell culture/ 8989
11 exp mammalian disease/ 78395
12 exp mammal/ 11005108
13 exp marine species/ 3468
14 nonhuman/ 2884891
15 animal.hw. 2256671
16 or/1-15 12120404
17 16 not human/ 2718150
18 (mammal/ or marine species/ or nonhuman/ or bird/ or animal experiment/ or exp rodent/ or cattle/) not human/ 2421425
19 17 not 18 296725
20 18 not 17 0
21 ("2014092492" or "2014102544" or "2014093898" or "23179110" or "2014105508" or "23402514" or "23263675" or "2014093590" or "2014032170" or "2014086649" or "2014086497" or "2014090976" or "2014098222" or "2014100105" or "2014103920" or "23547003" or "23531829" or "23531823" or "2014034485" or "24043704" or "2014037245" or "2014106987" or "2014103562" or "2014091297" or "2014090223" or "2014094000" or "23775276" or "2014083973" or "2014034971" or "2014099859" or "2014081346" or "2014034212" or "2014081091").an. 33
22 17 and 21 9
23 21 not 22 24