Implementing, Monitoring, and Evaluating the Curriculum

Implementing,
Monitoring, &
Evaluating the
Curriculum
MODULAR CURRICULUM/PROGRAM
Carlo Jay A. Evardone, Ph.D. (2020)

With the implementation of compulsory
education, every individual is entitled school
education. For the learners who cannot
benefit from the ordinary school environment
due to exceptional reasons, a specially
designed curriculum geared to their needs is a
necessity towards the actualization of equal
chances in education for all.
©Carlo Jay A. Evardone, Ph.D., 2020

Modular Curriculum
A modularized curriculum is made up of
learning units called modules.

Modular Curriculum
A module is a well structured or self-
contained learning unit which is complete with
specific objectives, contents, teaching /
learning strategies and some forms of
assessment.

A module may be free standing, or a building block
to provide the means for grouping and re-grouping,
insertion or deletion within a larger curriculum
framework.
The aim of introducing a module is to facilitate
choice, flexibility and reducing labelling effects.

Modules on different learning strands make it
flexible on institutions to deliver the topic
efficiently and effectively. Using modules is
the most appropriate teaching techniques in
alternative learning system programs to help
the learner grow and develop at his/her own
pace.

Advantages of using Modular
Approach of Instruction:
❖It establishes a system of assessment other than marks or grade.
❖Learners study the modules in their own working environment.
❖Learners can study without disturbing the normal activities and
responsibilities.
❖Modules can be administered to individual use, small group or large
group.
❖It enables the learner to have control over his/her learning.
Carlo Jay A. Evardone, Ph.D.

There are many models for designing a modular
curriculum. The following two are suggested for
consideration:
1. Within a subject area
2. Within the whole curriculum

1. Within a Subject Area
The topics or domains of learning within a
subject area are grouped under Core Modules and
Elective Modules.

CORE MODULES consist of essential learning areas which
are to be learned by all students.
For example, in Social Studies, the following five modular or
thematic units may be included : Knowing oneself, one’s
family, peers, society and country.
Remedial and Extension modules cater for students with
different learning abilities.
Carlo Jay A. Evardone, Ph.D.

ELECTIVE MODULES broaden the content of the
subject and provide options for the students with
different interest and need.

A diagrammatic representation of the modular
structure within a subject using Social Studies:
Province country

2. Within the Whole Curriculum
Subject areas are pooled under Core Subjects and groups
of Elective Subject modules. Core subjects are to be taken
by all pupils within a year band. Elective subjects may be
selected from a group of modules depending on the
available resources at school and the needs of pupils.
The elective modules may be subject-specific, inter-
disciplinary or trans-disciplinary.

ilot Testing

➢This also known as field try-out.
➢This process will gather empirical data to
support whether the modular program or the
curriculum is useful, relevant, reliable and valid.
➢Most field testing or try-out follow some form of
research designs.
Pilot Testing

➢Using the principles of curriculum writing and
backed up by the content specialization of the writers
and the consultants, the modules were written.
The printed modules were reviewed by the
consultants and peers, however, there was a need to
try out or pilot test the activities and the field practical
by the users who are the student themselves.

➢The try out or pilot testing assures the
teachers and the schools that indeed the
curriculum materials are ready for printing
and distribution.

➢Modification and revision are inherent
characteristics of a curriculum.
The pilot testing or try–out is a
developmental process that gives the signal
as to whether the particular curriculum can
already be implemented with confidence.

Note:
As the curriculum is being implemented,
there is a need to continuously monitor
the process.

Curriculum Monitoring

In monitoring the program, these questions should
be considered:
➢How are we doing?
➢Is the curriculum accomplishing its intended
purposes?

❖Monitoring is important to determine is the
curriculum is still relevant and effective.

➢Monitoring is a periodic assessment and adjustment
during the try–out period. It is like formative evaluation.
❖It determines how the curriculum is working, such that
the monitoring report becomes the basis of a decision
on what aspects have to be retained, improved or
modified.

❖It also provides decision that would even end or
terminate the program.
❖Monitoring is done by the module writers,
curriculum experts or third-party agencies. It is an
essential aspect of program.

Curriculum Evaluation

➢Curriculum evaluation is part of total
educational evaluation.
➢It refers to a systematic process of judging the
value, effectiveness and adequacy of a
curriculum: its process, product and setting will
lead of informed decision.

➢Evaluation should be useful and systematic. The
information gathered should be important for the
improvement of and for final judgment of the
curriculum/program being evaluated.

In practice, there are two ways of curriculum
evaluation:
❖School-based Evaluation
❖Accreditation

School–Based Evaluation
➢It is an approach to curriculum evaluation which places
the content, design, operation, and maintenance of
evaluation procedure in the hands of the school
personnel.
The school personnel participate in the planning and
conduct of school evaluation activities. It is a participative
evaluation where the control and management of the
process rest on the school personnel themselves.

School–Based Evaluation
Some Advantages:
❖Accountability is shared by all, hence bias and conflict are minimized.
❖School personnel develop evaluation skills.
❖The real concerns of the school community are addressed by the
evaluation.
❖Broad participation of school personnel provide opportunities for building
school cohesiveness.
❖Provides reliable and valid information on curriculum, resources and
general school functioning .

Accreditation
➢This is a voluntary process of submitting a curricular
program to an external accrediting body for review in any
level of education: basic, tertiary or graduate school to
assure standard.
➢Accreditation studies the statement of the educational
intentions of the school and affirms a standard of
excellence

What are the areas for accreditation
under curriculum and instruction?

Areas for Evaluation and
Accreditation
❖Curriculum and Program of Studies
❖Instructional Processes or Methodologies
❖Graduation Requirements
❖Administrative Support for Effective Instruction
❖Evaluation of Academic Performance

Curriculum & Program of Studies
➢These includes the clusters of knowledge, skills,
attitudes, values and experiences that will provide
students at any level with the necessary competencies for
effective learning.
A list of subjects or courses to be taken and arranged in a
logical order compose the program of studies.

Instructional Processes
❖The decision of choosing and using the method of
teaching and using the method of teaching is a crucial
factor in curriculum and instruction. There are varied
teaching methodologies that are compatible with the
different learning styles of the student . These emerging
strategies of teaching follow principles and theories that
enhance learning outcomes.

Instructional Processes
Instructional Processes or Methodologies are guided by the following
questions:
❖How to translate action into the written and planned curriculum is a
concern of instruction.
❖How should a lesson be taught?
❖What teaching methodologies should be used for particular type of
learners and situation?
❖Is there a fit or match between the lesson objectives set?
❖Has teaching or methods of delivery accomplished the objectives set?

Graduation Requirements
➢Graduation means successful accomplishments of the
curricular program of studies. A student has to accomplish
its academic program as prescribes in the program of
studies mentioned earlier. These requirements are clearly
understood upon enrollment in college by the students and
by the parents for students in the elementary or high
schools.

Administrative Support for
Effective Instruction
➢A curriculum can be best implemented if there is support
of the school administration. In fact a school
administrators has a distinct responsibility of a curricular
manager or manager of learning.
➢Quality instruction should be sustained by requiring
needed instructional materials, high quality of examination
questions and other support for effective instruction.

Academic Performance Evaluation
➢In curriculum, it is necessary that learning outcomes be
evaluated. After all the best measures of a curriculum is
the learning outcome of the students.
➢The evaluation of students' performance should make
use of valid and reliable tools which are periodically
reviewed and revised. Students should be informed and be
clarified about the grading system as well as the standards
used.

References:
▪http://www.udyong.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8392:advantages-of-using-modular-approach-of-
instruction&catid=90&Itemid=1267#:~:text=Modular%20Teaching%20is%20one%20of%20the%20teaching%20process,learner%20grow%20and%2
0develop%20at%20his%2Fher%20own%20pace.
▪https://cd.edb.gov.hk/la_03/chi/curr_guides/Maladjusted/ema-3.html
▪https://fivetwelvethirteen.wordpress.com/2015/11/21/modular-
curriculum/#:~:text=A%20modular%20curriculum%20presents%20the%20opportunity%20to%20move,focus%20on%20different%20aspects%20of
%20the%20expert%20model.
▪https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED133852.pdf
▪https://www.sggs.org.uk/attachments/download.asp?file=2449&type=pdf
▪https://www.slideshare.net/alvincaibog/pilot-testing-monitoring-and-evaluating-the-implementation-of-the-curriculum-38313120
▪https://thehub.swa.govt.nz/assets/documents/42417_Monitoring-Evaluating-web-06042011_0.pdf
▪http://www.learningpaths.org/papers/modules.htm

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