Impact on Economy.pptx
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The economic liberalization in India in the 1990s led to significant growth across several sectors of the economy. It dismantled licensing requirements and trade barriers, allowing for increased private investment, foreign direct investment, and competition. This resulted in strong growth in the manufacturing, services, and infrastructure industries. Trade liberalization and global integration also encouraged exports and technological advancement. Financial sector reforms and urban infrastructure development further supported economic expansion. Overall, the reforms helped reduce poverty and create many new jobs.
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Here are the detailed rationale and features of the New Economic Policy of India in 1991:
Rationale:
Balance of Payments Crisis:
Depletion of Foreign Exchange Reserves: India was grappling with a sharp decline in foreign exchange reserves, leading to a balance of payments crisis.
External Debt Burden: The country faced a high level of external debt, making it difficult to meet its international payment obligations.
Economic Stagnation:
Low Growth Rates: The Indian economy was experiencing low growth rates, resulting in a stagnant job market and slow improvements in living standards.
Industrial Inefficiencies: Industrial sectors were characterized by inefficiencies, low productivity, and outdated technology.
Fiscal Imbalances:
High Budget Deficits: The government was struggling with high fiscal deficits, contributing to inflationary pressures.
Public Sector Inefficiencies: Subsidies and inefficiencies in the public sector were putting a strain on the fiscal health of the government.
External Pressures:
Changing Global Dynamics: The end of the Cold War and shifts in global economic dynamics necessitated adjustments in India’s economic policies.
International Financial Assistance: In exchange for financial assistance, international organizations like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank pushed for economic reforms.
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Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.在线办理(GU毕业证书)美国贡萨加大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
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In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.The Rise of Generative AI in Finance: Reshaping the Industry with Synthetic Data
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OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.falcon-invoice-discounting-a-strategic-approach-to-optimize-investments
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Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptx
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
1.2 Business Ideas Business Ideas Busine
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