SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES

1. MSMEs IN INDIA AND THE
GOVERNMENT POLICIES TOWARDS
THEM.
1

2. MSME-INTRODUCTION
 MAJOR PLANK OF INDIA’S ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
 STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE DUE TO
CONTRIBUTIONS IN TERMS OF OUTPUT,
EXPORT & EMPLOYMENT
 TO SUSTAIN & ACCELERATE GROWTH, MSME
SECTOR NEEDS TO BE THOROUGHLY
COMPETITIVE
2

3. MSME-INTRODUCTION
 THE INDIAN MSME SECTOR - MICRO, SMALL AND
MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) - FORM THE
CORNERSTONE OF THE INDIAN ECONOMY.
 THE MSME SECTOR IN INDIA HAS EXHIBITED A
STRONG PERFORMANCE AND PROTECTED THE
ECONOMY FROM GLOBAL ADVERSITIES AND
SHOCKS.
 IT IS ESTIMATED THAT THERE ARE 633.9 LAKH
MSMES IN INDIA.
3

4. MSME-INTRODUCTION
 THE MICRO SECTOR INCLUDES 630.5 LAKH
ENTERPRISES, ACCOUNTING FOR OVER 99% OF
THE COUNTRY'S TOTAL NUMBER OF MSMES.
 THE SMALL SECTOR INCLUDES 3.3 LAKH
ENTERPRISES (0.5% OF TOTAL MSMES), WHILE
THE MEDIUM SECTOR INCLUDES 0.05 LAKH
ENTERPRISES (0.01% OF TOTAL MSMES).
 AROUND 324.9 LAKH ENTERPRISES (52.3%
OF TOTAL MSMES) ARE IN RURAL AREAS,
WHILE 309 LAKH ENTERPRISES (48.8%) ARE
IN URBAN AREAS.
4

5. MSME-INTRODUCTION
MSME’S ARE SUPPORTED BY GOVT. OF INDIA
& ITS AGENCIES SUCH AS :
 MINISTRY OF MSME
 NATIONAL SMALL INDUSTRIES
CORPORATION
 SMALL INDUSTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK
OF INDIA
 DISTRICT INDUSTRIES CENTRE
5

6. MSME-INTRODUCTION
MSME’S ARE SUPPORTED BY GOVT. OF INDIA
& ITS AGENCIES FOR
 MODERNIZATION
 PRODUCTIVITY
 TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS
 SKILL DEVELOPMENT & UP GRADATION
 ADEQUATE & AFFORDABLE ASSISTANCE
IN FINANCE
6

7. MSME-INTRODUCTION
 MSMEs COULD BE CATEGORISED INTO
TWO BROAD CATEGORIES AS
FOLLOWS:
 1. MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES
 2. SERVICE ENTERPRISES
7

8. MSME - DEFINITIONS
 MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES-
 THE ENTERPRISES ENGAGED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF
GOODS PERTAINING TO ANY INDUSTRY
SPECIFIED IN THE FIRST SCHEDULE TO
THE INDUSTRIES (DEVELOPMENT AND
REGULATION) ACT, 1951).
 THE MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE ARE
DEFINED IN TERMS OF INVESTMENT
IN PLANT & MACHINERY. 8

9. MSME-DEFINITIONS
 SERVICE ENTERPRISES:
 THE ENTERPRISES ENGAGED IN
PROVIDING OR RENDERING OF SERVICES
AND ARE DEFINED IN TERMS OF
INVESTMENT IN EQUIPMENT.
9

10. CLASSIFICATION OF MSME’s
MFG
INVESTMENT IN
PLANT AND
MACHINERY.
SERVICE
INVESTMENT IN
EQUIPTMENTS.
MICRO
ENTERPRISES
RS. 1 LAKH TO 25
LAKHS
RS. 10 LAKHS
SMALL ENTERPRISES RS. 25 LAKHS TO 5
CRORES
RS. 10 LAKHS TO RS.
2 CRORES
MEDIUM
ENTERPRISES
RS. 5 CRORES TO 10
CRORES
RS. 2 CRORES TO
RS. 5 CRORES
10

11. MSME : NEW DEFINITION
11

12. MSME : NEW DEFINITION
 THE EXISTING CRITERION OF DEFINITION OF
MSMES WAS BASED ON THE MSMED ACT, 2006.
 IT WAS DIFFERENT FOR MANUFACTURING AND
SERVICES UNITS.
 IT WAS ALSO VERY LOW IN TERMS OF FINANCIAL
LIMITS.
 SINCE THEN, THE ECONOMY HAS UNDERGONE
SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.
12

13. MSME : NEW DEFINITION
 SEVERAL REPRESENTATIONS WERE RECEIVED
SAYING THAT
 THE CRITERIA MUST BE IN LINE WITH MARKET AND
PRICE CONDITIONS AND HENCE IT SHOULD BE
FURTHER REVISED UPWARDLY.
 THE CRITERIA SHOULD BE REALISTIC WITH TIME
AND SHOULD HELP ESTABLISH AN OBJECTIVE SYSTEM
OF CLASSIFICATION AND TO PROVIDE EASE OF
DOING BUSINESS.
13

14. MSME : NEW DEFINITION
 ____ _______ __ ____ ____ ___ _____
__________ _ _ ___ ______ ______
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___ ______ ________ __ ___ __________ ___
________ __ _ __ ___ _______
 __ __________ __ _________ __
___ ___ _______ _____ _______ __ __ __
 ___ __________ ___ _________ ____
______ ____ __ ___
14

15. MSME : NEW DEFINITION
 _ ___ _________ _______ __ ______________ ___
_____________ ___ _______ _____ ___ ____
________
 __ _____ ____ __ __ __________ _______
_____________ ___ _______ _______
 ___ _ ___ _________ __ ________ __ _____
15

16. MSME : NEW DEFINITION
 _ ___ ____ ____________ ___ __________ __
____ _____________ ___ ________ _____ ___
_________ __ _ ____ __ __________ ___ _
____ __ ________
 __ _____ __ _____ ____ ___ _________ __ _
____ __ __________ ___ _ ____ __ ________
16

17. MSME : NEW DEFINITION
 ________ ___ _____ __ ______ ____ ___
_________ __ _ ____ __ __________ ___ _
____ __ ________
 __ _________ __ ____ __ _______ ___
_______ ______ ________ __ ___ _________
 __ ______ __________ ___ __ ____ __ _
____ __ __________ ___ _ ____ __ ________
17

18. MSME : NEW DEFINITION
MFG.
ENTERPRISES
&
ENTERPRISES
RENDERING
SERVICES
MICRO SMALL MEDIUM
INVESTMENT
IN PLANT &
MACHINERY
OR
EQUIPMENT
NOT
EXCEEDING
RS. 1 CRORE
NOT
EXCEEDING
RS. 10 CRORES
NOT
EXCEEDING
RS. 50 CRORES
ANNUAL
TURNOVER
NOT
EXCEEDING
RS. 5 CRORES
NOT
EXCEEDING
RS. 50 CRORES
NOT
EXCEEDING
RS. 250
CRORES
18

19. IMPORTANCE OF SME’S
 LABOUR INTENSIVE
 LOWER ADMINISTRATIVE COST
 MAXIMUM POTENTIAL FOR EMPLOYMENT
GENERATION
 ASSIST DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER
 INDUCE GROWTH OF INDUSTRIALLY BACKWARD
REGIONS ENSURING BALANCED REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
19

20. IMPORTANCE OF SME’S
 TECHNOLOGY - ORIENTED INDUSTRIES
 COMPETITIVENESS IN DOMESTIC AND EXPORT
MARKETS
 PROMOTES USE OF LOCAL RESOURCES
 PROMOTES ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE
 PROMOTES INNOVATION (“JUGAAD”)
 WEALTH CREATION
 DISBURSEMENT OF INDUSTRIES &
ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE.
20

21. MORE SPECIFICALLY…..
21

22. MSME SECTOR – BENEFITS
TO THE INDIAN ECONOMY -
 THE INDIAN MSME SECTOR PROVIDES
SEVERAL BENEFITS TO THE INDIAN SOCIETY AS
WELL AS ECONOMY. SOME OF THE BENEFITS
ARE GIVEN BELOW.
 MSME SECTOR’S CONTRIBUTION TO INDIAN
ECONOMY.
 MSME CONTRIBUTION TO EXPORT IN INDIA.
 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION.
 CONNECTING REMOTE AREAS TO REST OF THE
COUNTRY.
 IMPROVING STANDARD OF LIVING.
22

23. MSME SECTOR – BENEFITS
TO THE INDIAN ECONOMY -
 MSME SECTOR’S CONTRIBUTION TO INDIAN
ECONOMY:
 THE SECTOR SIGNIFICANTLY BOOSTS THE
COUNTRY'S ECONOMY.
 AS PER THE MINISTRY OF STATISTICS &
PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION, THE
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MSME SECTOR TO THE
GROSS VALUE ADDED (GVA) IN THE COUNTRY'S
GDP IN FY 20 WAS 30%.
23

24. MSME SECTOR – BENEFITS
TO THE INDIAN ECONOMY -
 MSME SECTOR’S CONTRIBUTION TO INDIAN
ECONOMY:
 THE SHARE HAS BEEN AROUND 30% OVER THE
PAST FEW YEARS.
 THE SECTOR’S CONTRIBUTION TO
MANUFACTURING IN ALL INDIA MANUFACTURING
GROSS VALUE OUTPUT IN FY 20 STOOD AT 36.9%,
THE SAME AS THAT IN FY 19.
 THIS SHARE SIGNIFIES THE SECTOR'S ROLE IN
INDIA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH.
24

25. MSME SECTOR – BENEFITS
TO THE INDIAN ECONOMY -
 MSME CONTRIBUTION TO EXPORT IN INDIA:
 THE MSME SECTOR IS AMONG THE COUNTRY'S
MAJOR EXPORTERS.
 SPECIFIED MSME-RELATED PRODUCT EXPORTS
ACCOUNTED FOR 49.5% OF INDIA'S TOTAL
EXPORTS IN FY 21, COMPARED TO 49.8%
 IN FY 20. TEXTILES, GARMENTS, DIFFERENT TYPES
OF SHOES, RICE AND CASTOR OIL ARE AMONG THE
MAJOR PRODUCTS EXPORTED BY THE INDIAN
MSME SECTOR.
25

26. MSME SECTOR – BENEFITS
TO THE INDIAN ECONOMY
 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION:
 THE MSME SECTOR IS ONE OF THE COUNTRY'S
MAJOR EMPLOYERS.
 SETTING UP AN MSME WOULD PROVIDE OWNERS
WITH A JOB, HELPING THEM AVOID HUNTING FOR
JOBS ELSEWHERE.
 IT ALSO ENABLES THEM TO CREATE EMPLOYMENT
OPPORTUNITIES FOR OTHERS.
26

27. MSME SECTOR – BENEFITS
TO THE INDIAN ECONOMY
 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION:
 THE SECTOR HAS BEEN INSTRUMENTAL IN
GENERATING EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN
RURAL AND REMOTE AREAS OF THE COUNTRY.
 AS PER THE DATA FROM THE UDYAM PORTAL OF
THE MINISTRY OF MSMES, 93,94,957 PEOPLE WERE
EMPLOYED BY MSMES REGISTERED ON THE PORTAL
IN FY 22.
27

28. NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED BY
MSMES REGISTERED ON THE MSME
PORTAL (IN MILLION)
28

29. MSME SECTOR – BENEFITS
TO THE INDIAN ECONOMY
 CONNECTING REMOTE AREAS TO REST OF THE
COUNTRY:
 BY PREPARING KEY RAW MATERIALS AND FINISHED
GOODS WITH GLOBAL DEMAND, MSMES IN REMOTE
AND BACKWARD AREAS HELP CONNECT THESE
AREAS WITH THE REST OF THE COUNTRY AND THE
WORLD.
 SEVERAL MSMES OPERATE IN RURAL AREAS WHILE
PROVIDING ANCILLARY GOODS TO LARGE
MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES ACROSS THE GLOBE.
29

30. MSME SECTOR – BENEFITS
TO THE INDIAN ECONOMY
 IMPROVING STANDARD OF LIVING:
 BY CREATING EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND
CONNECTING BACKWARD AREAS, THE MSME
INDUSTRY IN INDIA PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN LIFTING
PEOPLE OUT OF POVERTY AND IMPROVING THEIR
STANDARD OF LIVING.
 THUS, THE SECTOR HELPS REDUCE REGIONAL
IMBALANCES ACROSS THE COUNTRY AND INCREASE
EQUALITY AMONG CITIZENS.
30

31. SMEs: COMPETITIVENESS
TO UNDERSTAND COMPETITIVENESS OF SME’S,
ONE HAS TO LOOK AT THE ISSUE IN TWO
DIFFERENT AREAS
 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARED TO LARGE
ENTERPRISES – BECAUSE OF INHERENT NATURE
OF SME’S
 INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS – THIS
REFLECTS MORE ON THE INFLUENCE OF POLICY
FRAMEWORK
8

32. SME’S
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
32

33. WHY BEING SMALL IS
EFFICIENT?
 LOWER TRANSACTION COST IN SMALL
ENTITY
 MORE FLEXIBILITY
 INNOVATION – OFTEN POSSIBLE IN
SMALL FLEXIBLE UNITS

34. SME’s
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
SME’S SHOULD DO BUSINESS
 THAT CANNOT BE DONE MORE EFFICIENTLY
BY A LARGER UNIT
 THAT REQUIRES
 FLEXIBILITY
 INNOVATIVENESS
 CLOSENESS TO CUSTOMERS
34

35. BUT EVERYTHING IS NOT
HONKY-DORY.
THE SMES DO HAVE
PROBLEMS. 35

36. PROBLEMS OF SMEs
 LOW UTILISATION OF INSTALLED
CAPACITY
 POOR AWARENESS ABOUT IPR
 PROBLEM OF SPECIALIZED
TRAINING
 PROBLEM OF SKILLED MANAGEMENT
 LOW QUALITY OF INPUT
 AT TIMES, LESS INNOVATIVE
ACTIONS IN SME'S (PREFER JOB WORK)
36

37. PROBLEMS OF SMEs
 LACK OF PROPER MARKET
INTELLIGENCE / INFORMATION
 LOW / NO R&D
 LACK OF AWARENESS OF GLOBAL
ENVIRONMENT (LEGAL, ECO ETC)
 LOW LEVEL OF “ICT” ADOPTION
 RELATIVE ABSENCE OF
PROFESSIONAL APPROACH
37

38. PROBLEMS OF SMEs-
MARKETING
 MOSTLY HUNCH-BASED
 LACK OF MKT SKILLS/COMPETENCIES
 LOW/NO AWARENESS OF 4-Ps / 7-Ps
 LOW/NO FIN. RESOURCES (ADVT)
 LIMITED AREA OF OPERATIONS
 NO BRAND EQUITY / LOYALTY
 NO REAL GREAT PRODUCT
FEATURES/PERSONALITY 38

39. PROBLEMS OF SMEs
MARKETING
 NO CONCEPT OF “PLC”
 LIMITED AVENUES FOR
ADVT/PROMOTION (MOSTLY LOCAL)
 POOR SALES / DISTRIBUTION
NETWORK / ECOSYSTEM
/INFRASTRUCTURE
39

40. ROADBLOCKS IN
SME’S DEVELOPMENT
 HANDLING OF INFORMATION – ABILITY TO
GATHER, PROCESS, STORE & DISTRIBUTE
INFORMATION
 INFORMATION BASE IS SMALL
 ENTREPRENEUR HAS TO GET INFORMED
 ENTREPRENEUR HAS LIMITED CAPACITIES
THIS LEADS TO MORE HUNCH-BASED / INTUITIVE
THAN ANALYTICAL DECISION MAKING
40

41. CHALLENGES FOR THE MSME
SECTOR TODAY?
 THE SECTOR IS EXPECTED TO SHOULDER A
SUBSTANTIAL PORTION OF THE COUNTRY'S
ECONOMY. BUT THERE ARE CERTAIN CHALLENGES.
 NEED FOR DIGITISATION,
 IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS KNOWLEDGE,
 PROBLEMS RELATED TO FUNDING:
41

42. CHALLENGES FOR THE MSME
SECTOR TODAY?
 NEED FOR DIGITISATION:
 OWING TO PROBLEMS LIKE THE DEARTH OF
PROPER INFRASTRUCTURE, FINANCE, AND LIMITED
KNOWLEDGE, THE MSME SECTOR HAS BEEN SLOW
IN GOING DIGITAL.
 DIGITISING THE SECTOR COULD HELP IN
ENHANCING EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY,
CUTTING COSTS, AND KEEPING UP WITH TRENDS.
42

43. CHALLENGES FOR THE MSME
SECTOR TODAY?
 IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS KNOWLEDGE:
 WITH GROWING COMPETITION, IT IS IMPERATIVE
FOR MSMES TO HAVE A THOROUGH GRASP OF THE
OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, IN-DEPTH KNOW-
HOW, TRENDS, AND RISKS OF THE INDUSTRY TO
RUN A SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS.
 THE RIGHT BUSINESS STRATEGY CAN HELP A
COMPANY SCALE UP.
43

44. CHALLENGES FOR THE MSME
SECTOR TODAY?
 PROBLEMS RELATED TO FUNDING:
 MANY MSMES MAY NOT HAVE ALL THE FINANCIAL
DOCUMENTATION IN PLACE OR ENOUGH ACCESS
TO DIGITISATION IN ORDER TO TAKE ADVANTAGE
OF GOVERNMENT SCHEMES.
 THERE IS ALSO A CHALLENGE WITH COLLATERAL
AS THE PERCEIVED RISK OF FUNDING MSMES IS
HIGHER.
CONTD…..
44

45. CHALLENGES FOR THE MSME
SECTOR TODAY?
 PROBLEMS RELATED TO FUNDING:
 CASH FLOW AND WORKING CAPITAL ISSUES ARE
CHALLENGING, ESPECIALLY IN INSTANCES WHERE
PAYMENTS ARE DELAYED.
 WHILE PROTECTIONS EXIST UNDER THE MSMED
ACT, SUCH AS PENALTIES FOR DELAYED PAYMENTS,
THE FEAR OF LOSING LONG-TERM BUSINESS
MEANS THAT THESE PROTECTIONS ARE RARELY
EVER INVOKED

45

46. ?????
46

47. MSME ACT 2006
47

48. MSME ACT 2006.
 ENACTED TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF
GLOBALISATION AND TO OVERCOME
BARRIERS THAT COME IN THE WAY OF
MSME’S.
 NEED FOR NATIONAL IPR PROGRAMMES
FOR MSME’S IN INDIA.
48

49. MSME ACT 2006.
 THE MAIN ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN ARE
AS FOLLOWS:
1. IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL
PROGRAMMES FOR SHARING
KNOWLEDGE BETWEEN VARIOUS
COUNTRIES.
2. CAPACITY OF BUILDING HIGH-TECH
TRAINING AND EXCHANGE PROGRAMS.
49

50. MSME ACT 2006.
 THE MAIN ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN ARE
AS FOLLOWS:
3. UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENT
CULTURAL APPROACHES TO SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH.
4. SETTING UP OF IPR ADVISORY CELL.
50

51. Information & Communication
Technologies
ICT’S ARE
 CONSIDERED THE MOTOR OF
GLOBALIZATION
 ENABLE AN UNPRECEDENTED EXCHANGE
OF INFORMATION
 LEAD TO A NEW ERA OF
COMMUNICATION
51

52. Information & Communication
Technologies
 DECREASE TRANSACTION COST
 OPEN NEW COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
 ALTER THE WAY BUSINESS IS DONE
 ALTER MARKET BALANCES
52

53. Information & Communication
Technologies
 CUTS COST – EMAIL / FAX / LETTER
 QUALITY & QUANTITY OF INFORMATION
INCREASES – WWW. PHENOMENON
 RELEVANT INFORMATION FLOWS FASTER –
QUICK REACTION TO CHANGING
ENVIRONMENT
 ENABLE SME’S TO PARTICIPATE IN GLOBAL
VALUE CHAINS & INTERNATIONAL JOINT
DEVELOPMENT
53

54. National Manufacturing
Competitiveness Programme
(NMCP) Govt. of India
GLOBAL COMPETITION BRINGS MANY
OPPORTUNITIES OF
 WIDER MARKET ACCESS
 TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS
 SKILL UP GRADATION
54

55. National Manufacturing
Competitiveness Programme
(NMCP) Govt. of India
NMCP
 AIMS TO TAKE UP THE CHALLENGE BEFORE
THE SECTOR AND TO HARNESS THEIR
UNDOUBTED COMPETITIVE EDGE TO AVAIL
THE UNFOLDING OPPORTUNITIES
 TO INTRODUCE THE BEST ELEMENTS OF
INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVENESS TO THE MSME
SECTOR
55

56. NMCP - Components
 SUPPORT FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL AND
MANAGERIAL DEVELOPMENT OF MSME’S
THROUGH ‘BUSINESS INCUBATORS’
 QUALITY MANAGEMENT STANDARDS (QMS)
& QUALITY TECHNOLOGY TOOLS (QTT)
FOR MSME’S
56

57. NMCP - Components
 NATIONAL CAMPAIGN FOR INVESTMENT IN
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (IPR)
 MARKETING SUPPORT / ASSISTANCE FOR
MSME’S FOR ADOPTION OF BAR CODE
 LEAN MANUFACTURING
 SETTING UP OF NEW MINI TOOL ROOMS
(MTR)
57

58. NMCP - Components
 ENERGY EFFICIENCY & QUALITY UP
GRADATION SUPPORT FOR MSME’S
 DESIGN CLINICS
 PROMOTION OF INFORMATION &
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN
MSME’S
 MARKETING ASSISTANCE FOR MSME’S AND
TECHNOLOGY UP GRADATION ACTIVITIES –
MARKETING SCHEME
58

59. National Small Industries Corporation Ltd (NSIC)
schemes for small scale industries relate to:-
 BILL FINANCING
 WORKING CAPITAL FINANCE
 EXPORT DEVELOPMENT FINANCE
 EQUIPMENT LEASING SCHEME
 RAW MATERIALS PROCUREMENT
SUPPORT
 MARKETING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMME
AND EXPORTS ASSISTANCE;
 STORES PURCHASE PROGRAMME 59

60. Conclusion
 SEVERAL SCHEMES AND PROGRAMMES
HAVE BEEN UNDERTAKEN BY THE
GOVERNMENT WITH THE AIM OF
FACILITATING ACCESS TO:
 (I) ADEQUATE CREDIT FROM FINANCIAL
INSTITUTIONS
 (II) FUNDS FOR TECHNOLOGY UP
GRADATION AND MODERNIZATION;
60

61. Conclusion
 SEVERAL SCHEMES AND PROGRAMMES
HAVE BEEN UNDERTAKEN BY THE
GOVERNMENT WITH THE AIM OF
FACILITATING ACCESS TO:
 (III) INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURAL
FACILITIES
 (IV) MODERN TESTING FACILITIES AND
QUALITY CERTIFICATION LABORATORIES
61

62. Conclusion
 SEVERAL SCHEMES AND PROGRAMMES
HAVE BEEN UNDERTAKEN BY THE
GOVERNMENT WITH THE AIM OF
FACILITATING ACCESS TO:
 (V) MODERN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES,
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND
SKILLS UP-GRADATION THROUGH
APPROPRIATE TRAINING FACILITIES
62

63. ?????
63