This document provides an environmental product declaration for medium density fiberboard (MDF) produced in North America according to ISO standards. It summarizes the life cycle assessment of MDF from forest management and logging through production. The assessment finds that MDF production utilizes wood residues from lumber mills that would otherwise be wasted, and the North American MDF industry has improved efficiency. The declaration covers the cradle-to-gate impacts up to packaging for shipment.
Sustainability in the Textile Value Chain : bluesign visionpattarachat
The bluesign® community: sustainability is a team sport Inspire chemical suppliers, textile manufacturers, brands and retailers to work today for a better tomorrow.
This document discusses technologies for more sustainable cotton textile manufacturing that can reduce the use of water, energy, and chemicals (WEC). It identifies 26 proven technologies organized into 5 categories: process, chemicals/dyes, equipment, systems/control, and wastewater treatment. Based on interviews with over 40 textile companies globally, the cotton industry can reduce its WEC footprint at least 50% by employing these currently used technologies. Achieving reductions requires adaptation, creative solutions, and cooperation across the supply chain.
The document provides an overview of the pulp and paper industry, including its history, production process, properties and uses of products, environmental impacts, and steps being taken to address sustainability. It details the various stages of processing wood or recycled fibers into pulp and paper, from raw material handling through pulping, bleaching, papermaking, and potential recycling. Safety, health, and environmental issues are discussed along with efforts to reduce pollution through improved recycling and use of genetically modified trees with modified lignin content.
For severatl years now the textile industry suffered from a bad reputation due to pollution caused by the production and the usage of hazardous products. This presentation should help Brands and Retailers to work against this, implement a more environmentally friendly production and have a better conrol over the impact of production and end product on society and environment.
Sustainability Plus compendium - an initiative by fibre2fashion.combhargav pathak
Highly admired & appreciated by the industry leaders, Fibre2fashion.com first initiative of Sustainability Compendium has acquired the interest of the global textile industry at large. Sustainability, as widely talked, is the new mantra of innovation which is of vital concern for the companies and an integral part of 'Corporate Strategy' in the industry today. With growing awareness and higher emphasis on Sustainable manufacturing in Textile, Apparel and Fashion industries has inspired us to launch the 2nd version of our Sustainability Compendium for a continued widespread focus on Sustainable manufacturing.
A sustainable apparel company mitigates four primary environmental impacts: greenhouse gas emissions, water quality and availability, chemicals/toxins, and waste. It addresses these through strategies like measuring and reducing emissions and water footprints, removing chemicals, and designing sustainable packaging and long-lasting products. However, the best approach depends on a company's specific characteristics, such as whether it focuses on fashion trends or mass markets. A company must also consider its product introduction cycle, customer base, and supply chain to craft an effective sustainability strategy. While opportunities exist, the apparel industry faces challenges in making changes due to Asian supply chains, material sources, and brand concerns.
Fibre2Fashion contributes first when it comes to textile sustainability. Our recently launched feature on "Sustainability Plus - From Conservation to Business Conversions", has covered major industry players through this initiative. This feature talks about companies playing a major role in sustainability, their sustainable products as well as business practices & other measures towards making a greener environment.
Sustainability plus also confers about important issues & processes involved in textile sustainability, well defined laws & regulations, conservation measures, scope & future market and a lot more information.
The document discusses best practices for sustainable procurement of paperboard. It identifies three focus areas: long-term supplier engagement, product specification improvement, and complying with environmental measures. Some key sustainable practices discussed include using post-consumer waste and eucalyptus in paperboard, recycled content, aqueous coatings, and soya inks. Implementing sustainability measures can help reduce wastewater, solid waste, wood use, net energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions.
Sustainability in the Textile Value Chain : bluesign visionpattarachat
The bluesign® community: sustainability is a team sport Inspire chemical suppliers, textile manufacturers, brands and retailers to work today for a better tomorrow.
This document discusses technologies for more sustainable cotton textile manufacturing that can reduce the use of water, energy, and chemicals (WEC). It identifies 26 proven technologies organized into 5 categories: process, chemicals/dyes, equipment, systems/control, and wastewater treatment. Based on interviews with over 40 textile companies globally, the cotton industry can reduce its WEC footprint at least 50% by employing these currently used technologies. Achieving reductions requires adaptation, creative solutions, and cooperation across the supply chain.
The document provides an overview of the pulp and paper industry, including its history, production process, properties and uses of products, environmental impacts, and steps being taken to address sustainability. It details the various stages of processing wood or recycled fibers into pulp and paper, from raw material handling through pulping, bleaching, papermaking, and potential recycling. Safety, health, and environmental issues are discussed along with efforts to reduce pollution through improved recycling and use of genetically modified trees with modified lignin content.
For severatl years now the textile industry suffered from a bad reputation due to pollution caused by the production and the usage of hazardous products. This presentation should help Brands and Retailers to work against this, implement a more environmentally friendly production and have a better conrol over the impact of production and end product on society and environment.
Sustainability Plus compendium - an initiative by fibre2fashion.combhargav pathak
Highly admired & appreciated by the industry leaders, Fibre2fashion.com first initiative of Sustainability Compendium has acquired the interest of the global textile industry at large. Sustainability, as widely talked, is the new mantra of innovation which is of vital concern for the companies and an integral part of 'Corporate Strategy' in the industry today. With growing awareness and higher emphasis on Sustainable manufacturing in Textile, Apparel and Fashion industries has inspired us to launch the 2nd version of our Sustainability Compendium for a continued widespread focus on Sustainable manufacturing.
A sustainable apparel company mitigates four primary environmental impacts: greenhouse gas emissions, water quality and availability, chemicals/toxins, and waste. It addresses these through strategies like measuring and reducing emissions and water footprints, removing chemicals, and designing sustainable packaging and long-lasting products. However, the best approach depends on a company's specific characteristics, such as whether it focuses on fashion trends or mass markets. A company must also consider its product introduction cycle, customer base, and supply chain to craft an effective sustainability strategy. While opportunities exist, the apparel industry faces challenges in making changes due to Asian supply chains, material sources, and brand concerns.
Fibre2Fashion contributes first when it comes to textile sustainability. Our recently launched feature on "Sustainability Plus - From Conservation to Business Conversions", has covered major industry players through this initiative. This feature talks about companies playing a major role in sustainability, their sustainable products as well as business practices & other measures towards making a greener environment.
Sustainability plus also confers about important issues & processes involved in textile sustainability, well defined laws & regulations, conservation measures, scope & future market and a lot more information.
The document discusses best practices for sustainable procurement of paperboard. It identifies three focus areas: long-term supplier engagement, product specification improvement, and complying with environmental measures. Some key sustainable practices discussed include using post-consumer waste and eucalyptus in paperboard, recycled content, aqueous coatings, and soya inks. Implementing sustainability measures can help reduce wastewater, solid waste, wood use, net energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions.
New generation Brilliantly clear Thermoforming packaging films "JAQVA+ "ma...Ravi Hirpara
Our thermoforming films have a range of oxygen transmission rates to meet medium or high barrier objective. Optimize shelf-life for packaging virtually all meats, cheeses, poultry, fish, sandwiches or other form-packaged products.
films are manufactured in a controlled environment to the strictest current BRC IOP and ISO standards.
Water cooling blown films we offer are know as JAQVA+
advantages such as:
• Higher & robust throughputs
• Brilliant clarity
• High gloss
• Soft touch/feel
• Good mechanical properties
Benefits of thermoform packaging
- Efficient packaging: Forming, filling und sealing on one machine
- Use of inexpensive and easy to store packaging films on reels
- Easily filling of packs at their largest open side, directly from above
- Easy automation of filling and discharge of packs
- Perfectly tight sealed packages
- They are impact-resistant and physically protect your product.
Using Degradable Plastics In Indonesia NewHenky Wibawa
This document discusses the use of degradable plastics in Indonesia. It provides background on plastics, noting their benefits but also that they do not readily degrade and accumulate in the environment. It then discusses the global push for more sustainable packaging and laws requiring producer responsibility. Various degradable plastic options are presented, like bioplastics from corn starch (PLA) and additives that make conventional plastics oxo-biodegradable. Standards and certifications for testing degradable plastics are also covered. The document advocates for the use of biodegradable plastics in Indonesia to reduce environmental impacts of plastic waste.
The document discusses green design and construction practices that address sustainable site planning, water and energy efficiency, conservation of materials and resources, and indoor environmental quality. It specifically mentions that green design aims to significantly reduce or eliminate the negative environmental impacts of buildings and improve occupant health.
This document provides an overview of eco-labels in textiles. It discusses the history and rise of eco-labels in the 1970s-1980s to address consumer confusion over environmental claims. It describes different types of eco-labeling schemes including independent labels, national labels, and multinational labels. It then examines specific eco-label programs like the Blue Angel (Germany), EU Eco-label, and Nordic Eco-labeling scheme, outlining their objectives, product categories, features, and chemical restrictions.
- CLP is a leading manufacturer of flexible packaging solutions based in Israel with subsidiaries worldwide. It is driven by sustainability, technology, and innovation.
- CLP has a reputation for research, development, and manufacturing excellence. It provides customized solutions for customers across industries like food, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals.
- CLP aims to achieve excellence in customer service and steady growth through a professional workforce and presence in strategic global markets while meeting all quality standards. It is committed to sustainability through initiatives like reducing packaging, using recyclable and biodegradable materials, and renewable resources.
Entrepreneur India, a monthly magazine published by NPCS, is aimed at simplifying the process of choosing the suitable project for investment. It makes business decisions easier and trouble-free by providing a list of right projects for investment.
Projects covered in this issue:
• PE Wax Emulsion
• List of Process Technology Books
• Flavoured Nuts
• Ductile Iron Pipe Fittings for Water & Sewage
• Plastic Optical Lenses
• Coir Geotextiles
• Hematite from Iron Ore/Lumps
• Quartz Slabs
• Aluminium Fluoride
• Toothbrush
• Caramel Food Colorant
• Beer Plant
• Integrated Unit RMC with Stone Crusher
• Hospital with Teaching Facility
• PVC Wire & Cables
http://goo.gl/l40Gnn
http://goo.gl/MwYpVf
Antalis, an international paper distributor, has created the "Antalis Green Connection" to ensure a coherent and structured eco-responsible strategy across its operations. This includes a green stamp logo to identify eco-friendly initiatives and a Green Star ranking system to rate papers from 0-5 stars based on fiber origin and manufacturing process. Antalis aims to source responsibly, support customers' sustainability, and commit to environmental excellence in its business through initiatives like carbon neutral paper certification and a supplier code of conduct.
Cradle to Cradle: Optimizing the Building Blocks of FashionSustainable Brands
SB'14 San Diego
Lewis Perkins, Senior Vice President, Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute
Scott Mackinlay Hahn, CEO & Co-Founder, Loomstate
Tracy Stickney, Regional Sales Director for the West, Designtex
Paul Murray, VP of Sustainability, Shaw Industries
Diving into the supply chain to identify opportunities for cross-industry materials transformation, this discussion will unveil the results from new and original research facilitated by MDBC that identifies materials in fashion products preferred by the Cradle to Cradle Certified(TM) Program. In the commercial textile and carpet industries, DesignTex and Shaw have used a number of these materials and applied the Cradle to Cradle model to their products to optimize circular economy design solutions. Best practices and learnings from the textile apparel models will be discussed and juxtaposed with how the fashion industry can leverage the same method and materials, most notably through the recent launch of Fashion Positive - an initiative served to create a certified materials library for fashion designers.
This document provides information about DONIT Tesnit, a company that manufactures gasket sheets and sealing solutions. It discusses DONIT's customer-centric approach, commitment to quality, experience and certifications. The document highlights DONIT's product offerings, which include compressed non-asbestos and engineered graphite sealing materials, as well as their additional services like training, R&D and application engineering that serve industries like pipelines, shipbuilding and chemical.
The document discusses polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. It describes PET as a plastic resin made from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid monomers. PET was first synthesized in the 1940s and was later used to create plastic bottles in 1973. The production process for PET bottles involves either extrusion or injection molding to form the bottles, which are then blow molded into shape. PET bottles are commonly used for packaging foods and beverages due to PET's clarity, strength and light weight. Recycled PET can be used to create new products like fiber, carpet, and food/beverage containers.
Meet the 36 y/o Chairman of Bechtel - GineersNow Construction MagazineGineersNow
GineersNow Construction Leaders Magazine Issue 003
Construction Leaders Magazine: Meet the 36-year-old Chairman and CEO of Bechtel, Brendan Bechtel
Exclusive: KONE elevators and escalators, Wirtgen concrete paving, AXA insurance for construction projects, Scopus modular build project, KARAM safety products, Bitzer intelligent CSW compact screw compressor, DOKA formworks, scafolding and shoring for construction
Special Feature Stories:
Country Focus: United States, Canada, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, United Kingdom, Singapore, Hong Kong, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, Australia, Turkey, China
More engineering stories at https://www.gineersnow.com/topics/magazines
NEW RAW MATERIALS FOR PAPER PULP (the book)Mostafa Ahmad
This document provides acknowledgements and thanks to various individuals who contributed to the research project. It thanks Allah, the research supervisor Prof. Dr. Mamdouh M. Nassar and other professors at Minia University in Egypt for their guidance and support of the project. It also thanks other individuals who provided assistance with laboratory work, research contacts, and information collection. The document was completed in El-Minia, Egypt in 2016 by the listed authors.
This document summarizes a presentation about utilizing biopolymers for lightweighting parts in the transportation industry. The presentation discusses Innovative Plastics and Molding, a company that develops biopolymer technologies using wood and cellulose fillers. It identifies potential biopolymer applications in automobiles and discusses challenges with molding complex lightweight parts from reinforced thermoplastics. Requirements for successful biopolymer formulations, processing, and molded part performance are also outlined.
This document summarizes research from Scion, a New Zealand research organization, on biopolymers and chemicals from 2014-2015. It discusses how Scion is supporting manufacturers through research on sustainable and biobased resources. Key points include Scion developing an eco-friendly bioplastic alternative to polystyrene foam called ZealaFoam, research finding that a biocomposite reinforced with wood fibers can be highly recyclable, and industrial extrusion trials being assisted by computer simulation to optimize natural fiber compounding processes.
This document summarizes the pulp and paper production process in 16 sections. It describes how pulp is produced from wood chips through mechanical and chemical pulping processes. The wood chips are cooked with chemicals to separate cellulose fibers from lignin. The fibers are then bleached and formed into a paper sheet on a paper machine. The sheet goes through several stages of pressing, drying, and calendering before finishing processes like coating are applied to enhance the paper's properties. The process aims to efficiently produce pulp from wood sources and transform it into high-quality paper products.
Reckitt Benckiser is a global consumer goods company that produces health, hygiene, and home products. The presentation discusses sustainability in packaging and identifies key factors to consider. It emphasizes the importance of aligning sustainability goals with customer wants, maximizing sustainable materials, and communicating sustainability efforts to motivate recycling. Case studies on Vanish powder packaging compare options like rigid tubs to flexible pouches based on factors such as materials used, recycling rates, production efficiency, transport, and more.
This document summarizes Ricoh's approach to sustainability and remanufacturing. It discusses Ricoh's goals of reducing environmental impact by 30% by 2030 and 87.5% by 2050 compared to 2000 levels through an eco-centric culture and technical innovation. Ricoh aims for zero waste to landfill and obtains 50% of materials from recycled or reused sources by 2050. The company focuses on resource conservation through remanufacturing used products and parts in its "Comet Circle" process to keep resources in use longer. Ricoh's Telford, UK site has achieved zero waste to landfill status since 2002 through rigorous segregation and finding markets for all waste materials.
Environmental Product Declarations for 2014 PNW Timberlands Conf 4 18-14Vicki Worden
The document discusses how environmental product declarations (EPDs) support wood products markets. EPDs provide quantified environmental impact information on products and are based on life cycle assessment (LCA) data. LCA collects data on potential environmental impacts at each stage of a product's life cycle from extraction to end of life. EPDs use boundaries set in LCA. There are growing market drivers for EPDs and "green" products, including building codes, certification programs, and consumer demand. EPDs can help wood products compete by providing transparency on environmental performance and addressing misconceptions.
This presentation will illustrate how ultra violet (UV) cured powder coating is addressing the challenges to meet sustainability targets, environmental regulations, and carbon neutrality or reduction. UV powder coatings’ defining characteristic is speed; UV curing is virtually instantaneous. The UV powder application process reduces the amount of time and thermal energy required to melt and flow the coating prior to curing. Faster curing reduces time, energy and carbon, and this presentation will document and quantify these important values. Additional benefits such as reduction in plant footprint, increase in throughput, and growing use of UV LEDs will be discussed and quantified. UV powder coatings have traditionally been used to finish MDF and wood substrates but are also ideal to finish heat-sensitive materials including plastics, carbon fiber and composites. UV powder coating is a viable coating solution for lightweighting materials used in electric vehicles, recreational equipment, additive manufacturing and other high-use products.
The document discusses formaldehyde regulations in California known as CARB. It provides an overview of CARB phases 1 and 2, which establish new formaldehyde emission standards for wood panels to be implemented between 2009-2012. The standards are significantly lower than current US standards. It notes the presentation will discuss Genesis' role in supporting industry transition to more stringent standards. Compliance will require use of compliant wood panels and documentation of sourcing by fabricators.
New generation Brilliantly clear Thermoforming packaging films "JAQVA+ "ma...Ravi Hirpara
Our thermoforming films have a range of oxygen transmission rates to meet medium or high barrier objective. Optimize shelf-life for packaging virtually all meats, cheeses, poultry, fish, sandwiches or other form-packaged products.
films are manufactured in a controlled environment to the strictest current BRC IOP and ISO standards.
Water cooling blown films we offer are know as JAQVA+
advantages such as:
• Higher & robust throughputs
• Brilliant clarity
• High gloss
• Soft touch/feel
• Good mechanical properties
Benefits of thermoform packaging
- Efficient packaging: Forming, filling und sealing on one machine
- Use of inexpensive and easy to store packaging films on reels
- Easily filling of packs at their largest open side, directly from above
- Easy automation of filling and discharge of packs
- Perfectly tight sealed packages
- They are impact-resistant and physically protect your product.
Using Degradable Plastics In Indonesia NewHenky Wibawa
This document discusses the use of degradable plastics in Indonesia. It provides background on plastics, noting their benefits but also that they do not readily degrade and accumulate in the environment. It then discusses the global push for more sustainable packaging and laws requiring producer responsibility. Various degradable plastic options are presented, like bioplastics from corn starch (PLA) and additives that make conventional plastics oxo-biodegradable. Standards and certifications for testing degradable plastics are also covered. The document advocates for the use of biodegradable plastics in Indonesia to reduce environmental impacts of plastic waste.
The document discusses green design and construction practices that address sustainable site planning, water and energy efficiency, conservation of materials and resources, and indoor environmental quality. It specifically mentions that green design aims to significantly reduce or eliminate the negative environmental impacts of buildings and improve occupant health.
This document provides an overview of eco-labels in textiles. It discusses the history and rise of eco-labels in the 1970s-1980s to address consumer confusion over environmental claims. It describes different types of eco-labeling schemes including independent labels, national labels, and multinational labels. It then examines specific eco-label programs like the Blue Angel (Germany), EU Eco-label, and Nordic Eco-labeling scheme, outlining their objectives, product categories, features, and chemical restrictions.
- CLP is a leading manufacturer of flexible packaging solutions based in Israel with subsidiaries worldwide. It is driven by sustainability, technology, and innovation.
- CLP has a reputation for research, development, and manufacturing excellence. It provides customized solutions for customers across industries like food, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals.
- CLP aims to achieve excellence in customer service and steady growth through a professional workforce and presence in strategic global markets while meeting all quality standards. It is committed to sustainability through initiatives like reducing packaging, using recyclable and biodegradable materials, and renewable resources.
Entrepreneur India, a monthly magazine published by NPCS, is aimed at simplifying the process of choosing the suitable project for investment. It makes business decisions easier and trouble-free by providing a list of right projects for investment.
Projects covered in this issue:
• PE Wax Emulsion
• List of Process Technology Books
• Flavoured Nuts
• Ductile Iron Pipe Fittings for Water & Sewage
• Plastic Optical Lenses
• Coir Geotextiles
• Hematite from Iron Ore/Lumps
• Quartz Slabs
• Aluminium Fluoride
• Toothbrush
• Caramel Food Colorant
• Beer Plant
• Integrated Unit RMC with Stone Crusher
• Hospital with Teaching Facility
• PVC Wire & Cables
http://goo.gl/l40Gnn
http://goo.gl/MwYpVf
Antalis, an international paper distributor, has created the "Antalis Green Connection" to ensure a coherent and structured eco-responsible strategy across its operations. This includes a green stamp logo to identify eco-friendly initiatives and a Green Star ranking system to rate papers from 0-5 stars based on fiber origin and manufacturing process. Antalis aims to source responsibly, support customers' sustainability, and commit to environmental excellence in its business through initiatives like carbon neutral paper certification and a supplier code of conduct.
Cradle to Cradle: Optimizing the Building Blocks of FashionSustainable Brands
SB'14 San Diego
Lewis Perkins, Senior Vice President, Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute
Scott Mackinlay Hahn, CEO & Co-Founder, Loomstate
Tracy Stickney, Regional Sales Director for the West, Designtex
Paul Murray, VP of Sustainability, Shaw Industries
Diving into the supply chain to identify opportunities for cross-industry materials transformation, this discussion will unveil the results from new and original research facilitated by MDBC that identifies materials in fashion products preferred by the Cradle to Cradle Certified(TM) Program. In the commercial textile and carpet industries, DesignTex and Shaw have used a number of these materials and applied the Cradle to Cradle model to their products to optimize circular economy design solutions. Best practices and learnings from the textile apparel models will be discussed and juxtaposed with how the fashion industry can leverage the same method and materials, most notably through the recent launch of Fashion Positive - an initiative served to create a certified materials library for fashion designers.
This document provides information about DONIT Tesnit, a company that manufactures gasket sheets and sealing solutions. It discusses DONIT's customer-centric approach, commitment to quality, experience and certifications. The document highlights DONIT's product offerings, which include compressed non-asbestos and engineered graphite sealing materials, as well as their additional services like training, R&D and application engineering that serve industries like pipelines, shipbuilding and chemical.
The document discusses polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. It describes PET as a plastic resin made from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid monomers. PET was first synthesized in the 1940s and was later used to create plastic bottles in 1973. The production process for PET bottles involves either extrusion or injection molding to form the bottles, which are then blow molded into shape. PET bottles are commonly used for packaging foods and beverages due to PET's clarity, strength and light weight. Recycled PET can be used to create new products like fiber, carpet, and food/beverage containers.
Meet the 36 y/o Chairman of Bechtel - GineersNow Construction MagazineGineersNow
GineersNow Construction Leaders Magazine Issue 003
Construction Leaders Magazine: Meet the 36-year-old Chairman and CEO of Bechtel, Brendan Bechtel
Exclusive: KONE elevators and escalators, Wirtgen concrete paving, AXA insurance for construction projects, Scopus modular build project, KARAM safety products, Bitzer intelligent CSW compact screw compressor, DOKA formworks, scafolding and shoring for construction
Special Feature Stories:
Country Focus: United States, Canada, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, United Kingdom, Singapore, Hong Kong, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, Australia, Turkey, China
More engineering stories at https://www.gineersnow.com/topics/magazines
NEW RAW MATERIALS FOR PAPER PULP (the book)Mostafa Ahmad
This document provides acknowledgements and thanks to various individuals who contributed to the research project. It thanks Allah, the research supervisor Prof. Dr. Mamdouh M. Nassar and other professors at Minia University in Egypt for their guidance and support of the project. It also thanks other individuals who provided assistance with laboratory work, research contacts, and information collection. The document was completed in El-Minia, Egypt in 2016 by the listed authors.
This document summarizes a presentation about utilizing biopolymers for lightweighting parts in the transportation industry. The presentation discusses Innovative Plastics and Molding, a company that develops biopolymer technologies using wood and cellulose fillers. It identifies potential biopolymer applications in automobiles and discusses challenges with molding complex lightweight parts from reinforced thermoplastics. Requirements for successful biopolymer formulations, processing, and molded part performance are also outlined.
This document summarizes research from Scion, a New Zealand research organization, on biopolymers and chemicals from 2014-2015. It discusses how Scion is supporting manufacturers through research on sustainable and biobased resources. Key points include Scion developing an eco-friendly bioplastic alternative to polystyrene foam called ZealaFoam, research finding that a biocomposite reinforced with wood fibers can be highly recyclable, and industrial extrusion trials being assisted by computer simulation to optimize natural fiber compounding processes.
This document summarizes the pulp and paper production process in 16 sections. It describes how pulp is produced from wood chips through mechanical and chemical pulping processes. The wood chips are cooked with chemicals to separate cellulose fibers from lignin. The fibers are then bleached and formed into a paper sheet on a paper machine. The sheet goes through several stages of pressing, drying, and calendering before finishing processes like coating are applied to enhance the paper's properties. The process aims to efficiently produce pulp from wood sources and transform it into high-quality paper products.
Reckitt Benckiser is a global consumer goods company that produces health, hygiene, and home products. The presentation discusses sustainability in packaging and identifies key factors to consider. It emphasizes the importance of aligning sustainability goals with customer wants, maximizing sustainable materials, and communicating sustainability efforts to motivate recycling. Case studies on Vanish powder packaging compare options like rigid tubs to flexible pouches based on factors such as materials used, recycling rates, production efficiency, transport, and more.
This document summarizes Ricoh's approach to sustainability and remanufacturing. It discusses Ricoh's goals of reducing environmental impact by 30% by 2030 and 87.5% by 2050 compared to 2000 levels through an eco-centric culture and technical innovation. Ricoh aims for zero waste to landfill and obtains 50% of materials from recycled or reused sources by 2050. The company focuses on resource conservation through remanufacturing used products and parts in its "Comet Circle" process to keep resources in use longer. Ricoh's Telford, UK site has achieved zero waste to landfill status since 2002 through rigorous segregation and finding markets for all waste materials.
Environmental Product Declarations for 2014 PNW Timberlands Conf 4 18-14Vicki Worden
The document discusses how environmental product declarations (EPDs) support wood products markets. EPDs provide quantified environmental impact information on products and are based on life cycle assessment (LCA) data. LCA collects data on potential environmental impacts at each stage of a product's life cycle from extraction to end of life. EPDs use boundaries set in LCA. There are growing market drivers for EPDs and "green" products, including building codes, certification programs, and consumer demand. EPDs can help wood products compete by providing transparency on environmental performance and addressing misconceptions.
This presentation will illustrate how ultra violet (UV) cured powder coating is addressing the challenges to meet sustainability targets, environmental regulations, and carbon neutrality or reduction. UV powder coatings’ defining characteristic is speed; UV curing is virtually instantaneous. The UV powder application process reduces the amount of time and thermal energy required to melt and flow the coating prior to curing. Faster curing reduces time, energy and carbon, and this presentation will document and quantify these important values. Additional benefits such as reduction in plant footprint, increase in throughput, and growing use of UV LEDs will be discussed and quantified. UV powder coatings have traditionally been used to finish MDF and wood substrates but are also ideal to finish heat-sensitive materials including plastics, carbon fiber and composites. UV powder coating is a viable coating solution for lightweighting materials used in electric vehicles, recreational equipment, additive manufacturing and other high-use products.
The document discusses formaldehyde regulations in California known as CARB. It provides an overview of CARB phases 1 and 2, which establish new formaldehyde emission standards for wood panels to be implemented between 2009-2012. The standards are significantly lower than current US standards. It notes the presentation will discuss Genesis' role in supporting industry transition to more stringent standards. Compliance will require use of compliant wood panels and documentation of sourcing by fabricators.
Carbon Impacts of paper manufacture literature review by RMITChristopher Sewell
Carbon impacts of paper manufacture literature review study undertaken by RMIT Centre of Design on behalf of The Gaia Partnership for use in the emission calculator, The CO2counter.
“The methodology and carbon factors used to measure the resulting CO2 calculation in the commercial printing section of the CO2counter are based on best practice independent and published academic research. The carbon factors used for the paper component of the calculation is also based on a Gaia commissioned review conducted by Centre for Design RMIT University Melbourne Australia in July 2009".
The document discusses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), including its definition, ISO requirements, and steps. LCA looks at a product's environmental impacts from raw material extraction to disposal. It discusses case studies on LCAs of olive oil packaging (tin vs plastic), PET water bottles in California, expanded polystyrene packaging in Europe, and electric vs gasoline vehicles. For the olive oil study, tin packaging had a lower overall environmental impact than plastic. The PET bottle LCA found packaging and disposal stages impact water pollution the most. Expanded polystyrene and polypropylene packaging were compared for energy use and water pollution impacts. Electric vehicles require less total energy over their lifetime than gasoline vehicles.
The document discusses the history and development of wood plastic recycled composites (WPRC) and proposes standards to categorize them. It outlines the invention and growth of WPRC beginning in 1975. Standards are proposed to define recycled content ratios, raw material sources and types, physical properties, and safety tests. This will help promote WPRC composites as sustainable building materials and gain widespread acceptance through recognized performance standards.
This document provides an introduction and overview of bioplastics. It defines key terms like biodegradable, biobased, and standards for compostability. The drivers for bioplastics include being renewable, having reduced environmental impact, and addressing end-of-life disposal issues. Projections show strong growth in bioplastics production and demand over the next 5 years. While compostable bioplastics are growing, durable bioplastic applications are expected to account for nearly 40% of the market by 2011 to address performance shortcomings of compostable plastics. Emerging technologies may expand bioplastic uses in electronics and automotive industries.
At Greenlam, we understand sustainability as how we consume and harness resources, not only in the environment but in the society and economy too. We believe creating beautiful spaces can never be at the cost of causing damage to our planet because climate change is a reality. Hence, we are committed to making better products using processes that are sustainable and their impact gentle on the people and the planet. For more, visit - https://www.decowoodveneers.com/catalogue-pdf/GRLM_%20Sustainability-Brochure.pdf
Our vision is to create a balance between economic growth and positive social impact by embracing methods that promote environmental protection and renewal. One such method is using a pressurised hot water process that achieves the industry’s benchmark of water consumption per unit produced. With this, we have successfully reduced our groundwater withdrawal, STP loads with high TDS treatable water, and the consequent power consumption.
For more, visit - https://www.decowoodveneers.com/catalogue-pdf/GRLM_%20Sustainability-Brochure.pdf
At Greenlam, we understand sustainability as how we consume and harness resources, not only in the
environment but in the society and economy too. We believe creating beautiful spaces can never be at the cost of
causing damage to our planet because climate change is a reality. Hence, we are committed to making better
products using processes that are sustainable and their impact gentle on the people and the planet. For more, visit - https://www.greenlam.co.in/media/pdf/GRLMSustainabilityBrochure_Digital_B.pdf
Biopolymers for Paperboard Extrusion Coating and Converting - SPE FlexPackCon...C. Carey Yang, Ph.D.
Biopolymers have shown promising options for sustainable packaging applications. This article presents an overview of challenges and opportunities in biopolymers for paperboard extrusion coating and converting processes. Material properties, extrusion coating process and equipment requirements, regulatory compliance, and downstream converting are reviewed. The latest developments and emerging trends in biopolymer technology and innovation are discussed.
The document discusses the relationship between economic activity and the environment. It outlines various global and local environmental issues caused by industry, population growth, and consumption. It then summarizes different historical approaches to addressing environmental problems and introduces the concept of sustainable development. The remainder of the document provides an overview of ISO 14001 as a voluntary standard for environmental management systems, including its benefits and global adoption.
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
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iMovR Eco-Certified Composite Grademark
1. Medium Density Fiberboard
Environmental Product Declaration
AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL
CANADIAN WOOD COUNCIL
The American Wood Council (AWC)
and Canadian Wood Council (CWC) are
pleased to present this Environmental
Product Declaration (EPD) for Medium
Density Fiberboard (MDF). This EPD was
developed in compliance with ISO 14025
and ISO 21930 and has been verified
under UL Environment’s EPD program.
The EPD includes Life Cycle Assessment
(LCA) results for all processes up to the
point that MDF is packaged and ready
for shipment at the manufacturing
gate. The life cycle of MDF includes
the production of wood residues that
are a coproduct of lumber milling. The
cradle-to-gate product system thus
includes forest management, logging,
transportation of logs to lumber mills,
sawing, transportation of wood residues
to MDF plants, and MDF production.
The AWC and CWC represent wood
product manufacturers across North
America. Our organizations have
undertaken numerous sustainability
initiatives on behalf of our membership
and we are pleased to present this
document to show how we are doing.
The publication of this EPD, which is
based on rigorous LCA research, is our
effort to back up with science what we
know to be true – that wood products
stand alone as a green building
material.
Please follow our sustainability
initiatives at:
www.awc.org and www.cwc.ca
2. Page 2 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
PROGRAM OPERATOR UL Environment
DECLARATION HOLDER American Wood Council and Canadian Wood Council
DECLARATION NUMBER 13CA24184.109.1
DECLARED PRODUCT Medium Density Fiberboard
REFERENCE PCR
FP Innovations: 2011. Product Category Rules (PCR) for preparing an Environmental
Product Declaration for North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products,
Version 1 (UN CPC 31, NAICS 321), November 8, 2011.
DATE OF ISSUE November 13, 2013
PERIOD OF VALIDITY 5 years
CONTENTS OF THE
DECLARATION
Product definition and information about building physics
Information about basic material and the material’s origin
Description of the product’s manufacture
Indication of product processing
Information about the in-use conditions
Life cycle assessment results
Testing results and verifications
The PCR review was conducted by:
FP Innovations
PCR confirmed by PCR Review Panel
570 Saint-Jean Blvd.
Pointe-Claire, QC
Canada H9R 3J9
T 514 630-4100
info@fpinnovations.ca
This declaration was independently verified in accordance
with ISO 14025 by Underwriters Laboratories
☐ INTERNAL ☒ EXTERNAL Paul Firth
This life cycle assessment was independently verified in
accordance with ISO 14044 and the reference PCR by:
Tom Gloria
This declaration is an environmental product declaration (EPD) in accordance with ISO 14025. EPDs rely on Life
Cycle Assessment (LCA) to provide information on a number of environmental impacts of products over their life
cycle. Exclusions: EPDs do not indicate that any environmental or social performance benchmarks are met, and
there may be impacts that they do not encompass. LCAs do not typically address the site-specific
environmental impacts of raw material extraction, nor are they meant to assess human health toxicity. EPDs
can complement but cannot replace tools and certifications that are designed to address these impacts and/or
set performance thresholds – e.g. Type 1 certifications, health assessments and declarations, environmental
impact assessments, etc. Accuracy of Results: EPDs regularly rely on estimations of impacts, and the level of accuracy in
estimation of effect differs for any particular product line and reported impact. Comparability: EPDs are not comparative assertions
and are either not comparable or have limited comparability when they cover different life cycle stages, are based on different
product category rules or are missing relevant environmental impacts. EPDs from different programs may not be comparable.
3. Page 3 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
Description of Industry and Product
Description of North American MDF Industry
The North American composite panel industry is a major contributor to both the American and Canadian econo-
mies. MDF is a composite panel that is valued for its homogeneity that allows precision millwork and finishing.
These properties have caused MDF to be widely used to manufacture furniture, kitchen cabinets, doors, and
moulding. MDF is also widely regarded as a sustainable material because it utilizes wood residues from other
manufacturing processes that might otherwise be wasted. In 2012, North American MDF manufacturers produced
more than 1.8 billion square feet (3.3 million cubic meters) of MDF in 20 different facilities.
The North American MDF industry has weathered unprecedented economic changes in recent years through
innovation and expansion into new and emerging markets. Efficiency improvements, beyond simply ensuring
competitiveness, continually improve the environmental footprint of wood products. Now, more than ever, we are
ready to present this EPD that reflects years of research and demonstrates the hard work we’ve been doing
4. Page 4 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
Description of MDF Product
The product profile presented in this EPD is for a declared unit of 1 cubic meter of MDF. MDF is manufactured
from wood residues that are generated as a coproduct of lumber milling. The cradle-to-gate product system thus in-
cludes forest management, logging, transportation of logs to lumber mills, sawing, transportation of wood residues
to MDF plants, MDF production, and packaging for shipment .
One cubic meter of average North American MDF weighs 745.95 kg, excluding the variable moisture content. The
product composition is presented below and represents the weighted average of the various resin types that are
used by different manufacturers:
- Wood residues: 667.48 oven dry kg (89.48%)
- Urea formaldehyde resin: 71.13 kg (9.54%)
- Urea: 0.81 kg (0.11%)
- Melamine urea formaldehyde resin: 0.72 kg (0.10%)
- Scavenger: 1.45 kg (0.20%)
- Catalyst: 0.11 kg (0.01%)
- Slack wax: 4.25 kg (0.57%)
This EPD is based on LCA studies that considered the entire range of MDF product sizes and functions. The results
are presented for the metric unit of measure, 1 cubic meter, which is equal to 565 square feet (3/4” thickness).
5. Page 5 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
Board Shaping
panel forming and pressing
Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle of MDF
Figure 1: Cradle-to-gate product system for MDF
System Boundary
ResourceGeneration&Extraction
Forest
Management
thinning, fertilizing
Logging
felling, transport to landing
Planting
including site preparation
Roundwood
logs on truck
ResidueProduction
Transportation
Log Yard
manufacturing facility
Sawmill
debarking and primary log
breakdown
MDFManufacturing
Transportation
Board Finishing
cooling, trimming, and sanding
Packaging
Seedling
greenhouse operations
Electricity
Energy
gasoline, diesel, nat.
gas, etc.
Resins
Ancillary Materials
lubricants, fertilizers,
packaging
Air Emissions
Water
Emissions
Solid Waste
Drying & Blending
6. Page 6 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
Business-to-Business EPD and Cradle-to-Gate LCA
Business-to-business EPD’s are those that focus on the life cycle up to the point that the product has been manu-
factured and is ready for shipment, the portion of the life cycle referred to as cradle-to-gate. This EPD includes the
cradle-to-gate processes as shown in Figure 1 on the previous page.
The delivery of the product to the customer, its use, and eventual end-of-life processing are excluded from the
cradle-to-gate portion of the life cycle. This exclusion limits the accounting of carbon sequestration in the wood
product because the benefit of sequestration is not realized at the point of manufacturing, but occurs over the life
cycle of the product.
Forest Operations
The assessment of the life cycle impacts of a wood product begins with its origin in natural or managed forests and
the energy use and emissions caused by its extraction. Forest management and the reforestation that occurs after
extraction are also included. The PCR requires that the cradle-to-gate product system includes all forest manage-
ment activities which may include site preparation, thinning, and fertilization. The forest operations portion of the re-
source extraction/generation phase also includes the production and planting of seedlings that occurs after logging.
Residue Production
Residue production begins with the transportation of logs from the forest and includes the primary sawing process
that is shared with the lumber life cycle.
MDF Production
The MDF production phase begins with the transportation of residues from the upstream sawmills. The residues are
then dried, blended with resins, and shaped into boards that are pressed and finished. These processes consume
electricity drawn from regional grids, fossil fuel, and internally generated biomass.
7. Page 7 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
Methodology of Underlying LCA
Declared Unit
The declared unit in this EPD is 1 cubic meter (m3
) of MDF. This is equivalent to 565 square feet (3/4” thickness).
The average density of North American MDF including resins and excluding moisture content is 745.95 oven
dry kg/m3
. MDF produced in North America is understood to have some moisture in the product, while the oven
dry unit of measure contains neither free moisture (moisture in cell cavities) nor bound moisture (moisture in cell
walls).
System Boundaries
The system boundary begins with the forest management and resource extraction and ends with finished MDF
product ready for shipment at the manufacturer. The forest resources system boundary includes planting the seed-
lings, site preparation, thinning, fertilization and final harvest. Residue production includes the transportation of logs
to sawmills and sawing. MDF manufacturing includes the transportation of residues to MDF manufacturers, drying,
board shaping, finishing, and packaging. Seedlings and the fertilizer and electricity it took to grow them were also
included in the system boundary.
Cut-off Rules
The cut-off criteria for flows to be considered within the system boundary are as follows:
- Mass – if a flow is less than 1% of the cumulative mass of the model flows it may be excluded, provided it
environmental relevance is minor.
- Energy – if a flow is less than 1% of the cumulative energy of the system model it may be excluded, provided its
environmental relevance is minor.
- Environmental relevance – if a flow meets the above two criteria, but is determined (via secondary data analysis)
to contribute 2% or more to the selected impact categories of the products underlying the EPD, based on a
sensitivity analysis, it is included within the system boundary.
8. Page 8 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
Data Quality
Precision and Completeness
Primary data on raw materials, energy, and emissions were provided by logging operations, lumber mills, and MDF
manufacturing facilities, based on input purchases, production output, and reported process emissions. All up-
stream and downstream secondary data was drawn from publicly available databases, primarily the United States
Life Cycle Inventory (USLCI) database. The LCA practitioners performed quality control on all secondary data
sources to ensure completeness.
All inventory flows were modeled and at no time were data excluded due to application of the studies’ cut-off criteria.
Consistency and Reproducibility
To ensure consistency, only primary data as provided by the study participants were used to model gate-to-gate
MDF manufacturing processes. All other secondary data (upstream and downstream) were consistently applied
and adaptations to the databases were documented in the LCA reports.
Reproducibility by third parties is possible using the background LCIs documented in the CORRIM and Athena LCA
reports.
Temporal Coverage
Primary data collected from the manufacturing facilities related to the product processes of interest are representa-
tive for the years 2004-2007. The LCA models were updated in 2013 to reflect updates in underlying secondary
data used to develop the LCI.
Geographical Coverage
The geographical coverage for this study is based on North American (NA) system boundaries for all processes
and products.
Treatment of Biogenic Carbon
Biogenic carbon dioxide emissions were accounted as global warming neutral in accordance with the PCR. Under
this approach, the carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of internally generated wood fuels are considered
equal to the carbon dioxide uptake in the forest during tree growth.
Crediting carbon sequestration against the global warming potential was excluded as the long term carbon storage
is dependant on gate-to-grave processes not considered directly in this EPD. The expected carbon sequestration
for average end-use and end-of-life treatment is provided in the section on “Additional Information”.
9. Page 9 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
Allocation
Allocation followed the requirements and guidance of ISO 14044:2006, clause 4.3.4, which gives preference to
mass based allocation, and the following description of allocation from the PCR:
- Allocation of multi-output processes shall be based on mass. However, if economic value difference is at least
ten times greater between products from a multi-output process, a suitable revenue based allocation principle shall
be applied and these deviations shall be substantiated and readily available for review.
The residue inputs to MDF manufacture that are coproducts of lumber milling fall within this 10 times value thresh-
old and were thus allocated a portion of the lumber milling impacts on a mass basis.
Aggregation of Regional Results
The LCA results that follow represent the weighted average of two different LCA studies; one based on the United
States national average and the other based on the Canadian national average. The weighting of the two nations
relative to the aggregate profile is as follows
- United States - National Average: 75%
- Canada - National Average: 25%
The weighting factors were developed from the relative annual production of the two countries. The production
totals for the two countries were published by the Composite Panel Association in the “North American Shipments
and Downstream Market Report”. In addition to calculating weighted average impact assessment results, these
weighting factors were also used to calculate the weighted average density of North American MDF. All other
values presented in this EPD also utilize this weighting.
10. Page 10 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
Life Cycle Assessment Results
The life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) establishes links between the life cycle inventory results and potential
environmental impacts. In the LCIA, results are calculated for impact category indicators such as global warming
potential and smog potential. These impact category indicator results provide general, but quantifiable, indications
of potential environmental impacts. The various impact category indicators and means of characterizing the impacts
are summarized in Table 1 below. Environmental impacts are determined using the TRACI 2 method. These five
impact categories are reported consistently with the requirements of the PCR.
Impact Category Indicators Characterization Model
Global
Warming
Potential
Calculates global warming potential of all greenhouse gasses that
are recognized by the IPCC. The characterization model scales
substances that include methane and nitrous oxide to the com-
mon unit of kg CO2
equivalents.
Ozone
Depletion
Potential
Calculates potential impact of all substances that contribute to
stratospheric ozone depletion. The characterization model scales
substances that include CFC’s, HCFC’s, chlorine, and bromine to
the common unit of kg CFC-11 equivalents.
Acidificatio
Potential
Calculates potential impacts of all substances that contribute
to terrestrial acidification potential. The characterization model
scales substances that include sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and
ammonia to the common unit of H+
moles equivalents.
Smog
Potential
Calculates potential impacts of all substances that contribute to
photochemical smog potential. The characterization model scales
substances that include nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-
pounds to the common unit of kg O3
equivalents.
Eutrophication
Potential
Calculates potential impacts of all substances that contribute to
eutrophication potential. The characterization model scales sub-
stances that include nitrates and phosphates to the common unit
of kg N equivalents.
Table 1: Impact Assessment Categories
11. Page 11 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
Cradle-to-Gate Impact Assessment Results
The impact assessment results are shown in Table 2 on the following page. This LCIA does not make value
judgments about the impact indicators, meaning that no single indicator is given more or less value than any of
the others. All are presented as equals. Additionally, each impact indicator value is stated in units that are not
comparable to others. Some variation exists between the two underlying data sets and is a result of differences
in regional energy mixes, particularly the sources of electricity, as well as differences in production practices and
efficiencies
The results presented in Table 2 on the following page indicate the potential impacts caused by the cradle-to-gate
production of MDF. Ozone depletion was below 10-5
kg CFC-11 eq. in both of the LCA studies and is thus not
reported in the results table. Water consumption was estimated for Canada as required by the PCR. However,
the U.S. LCA includes all water withdrawals without netting out non-consumptive use. As a result, the combined
weighted average overstates total water consumption and is therefore conservative.
12. Page 12 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
Impact category indicator Unit Total Forestry
operations &
Residue
production
MDF
production
Global warming potential kg CO2
eq. 525.50 62.06 434.44
Acidification potentia H+ moles eq. 317.92 31.16 286.76
Eutrophication potential kg N eq. 0.2128 0.0301 0.1827
Ozone depletion potential kg CFC-11 eq. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Smog potential kg O3
eq. 64.48 10.93 53.56
Total primary energy
consumption
Unit Total Forestry
operations &
Residue
production
MDF
production
Non-renewable fossil MJ 9621.29 922.40 8663.43
Non-renewable nuclear MJ 1163.84 108.90 1054.94
Renewable, biomass MJ 6762.74 424.10 6338.88
Renewable, other MJ 400.31 44.96 355.36
Material resources
consumption
Unit Total Forestry
operations &
Residue
production
MDF
production
Non-renewable materials kg 0.93 0.16 0.75
Renewable materials kg 763.28 737.96 8.44
Fresh water L 1319.16 146.91 1172.22
Non-hazardous waste
generated
Unit Total Forestry
operations &
Residue
production
MDF
production
Solid waste kg 71.54 11.17 60.38
Table 2: Cradle-to-Gate Impact Assessment Results - 1m3
North American MDF
13. Page 13 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
Impact Assessment Results by Life Stage
The two graphs below show that MDF manufacturing itself is the primary driver of impacts in the cumulative cradle-
to-gate product system. MDF manufacturing consumes 90% of fossil fuels and 94% of biomass energy which drive
the impacts in every category.
Figure 2: Cradle-to-Gate Impact Assessment Results
Figure 3: Cradle-to-Gate Primary Energy Consumption
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Global warming Acidification Eutrophication Smog
MDF Manufacturing Forest Operations and Residue Production
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Non-renewable fossil Non-renewable nuclear Renewable, biomass Renewable, other
MDF Manufacturing Forest Operations and Residue Production
14. Page 14 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
Figure 4: Cradle-to-Gate Energy Use
Figure 5: Forestry Operations and Residue Production
Energy Use
Figure 6: MDF Production Energy Use
Primary Energy Consumption by Resource
The three pie charts show the consumption
of various energy resources in the cradle-to-
gate portion of the life cycle. The cradle-to-
gate and MDF production charts show similar
results as manufacturing consumes the bulk
of cradle-to-gate energy.
The forest operations and residue produc-
tion portion of the life cycle relies heavily on
oil-based energy as consumed in the form of
diesel by heavy machinery used in logging.
Fossil energy accounts for 62% of energy
resources consumed in the combined forestry
operations and residue production life stage.
A significant portion of the energy requir -
ment in manufacturing is met by renewable
energy sources, 39% from biomass and 2%
from hydro power. This translates to 38% of
cradle-to-gate energy use for biomass and
2% for hydro power. Biomass is also used in
the upstream residue production as a readily
available coproduct of lumber milling. Besides
biomass and hydroelectricity, coal, natural
gas, oil, and nuclear power comprise the
remaining energy use.
The prevalence of renewable energy use
in the life cycle of MDF means that 54% of
energy consumption is derived from fossil
fuel sources. This means that MDF has a
particularly low carbon footprint relative to the
energy required for manufacturing.
Fossil: 54%
Nuclear: 6%
Biomass: 38%
Other renewable: 2%
Fossil: 62%
Nuclear: 7%
Biomass: 28%
Other renewable: 3%
Fossil: 53%
Nuclear: 6%
Biomass: 39%
Other renewable: 2%
15. Page 15 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
Additional Information
Range of Applications
The carbon sequestration calculation on the following page is based on the expected service life for MDF in
different applications. To complete this calculation, the various end uses for MDF were estimated based on the
classification for “non-structural panels” as provided in the FPInnovations B2B carbon sequestration tool. This
breakdown is as follows:
- Furniture manufacture: 36%
- Residential construction and upkeep: 30%
- Other manufacturing: 9%
- Nonresidential construction: 5%
- Other uses: 20%
Source: Data for “non-structural panels” from APA - Engineered Wood Association (2012) Structural Panel and Engineered Wood Yearbook, APA Economics Report E178.
16. Page 16 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
Carbon Sequestration
The PCR requires that carbon sequestration may only be credited to the product if the end-of-life fate of that car-
bon is considered in the LCA study. FPInnovations has recently published a carbon sequestration calculation tool
that estimates the emissions from typical end-of-life treatment of wood products that includes recycling, combus-
tion, and landfilling. The carbon sequestered in the product at the manufacturing gate serves as the basis for such
an analysis and is as follows (all conversion factors and assumptions are documented in carbon tool):
1m3
MDF = 667.48 oven dry kg = 333.74 kg Carbon = 1223.71 kg CO2
eq.
This initial carbon sequestration may then be considered against its emission as the MDF product reaches the
end of its service life in various applications. The FPI carbon tool is used to estimate the biogenic carbon balance
at year 100, including service life estimations for various applications and the average landfill decay rate. The
carbon tool gives the following results:
Carbon sequestered in product at manufacturing gate:
1223.71 kg CO2
eq. = - 1223.71 kg CO2
eq emission
Methane emitted from fugitive landfill gas:
5.69 kg CH4
= 142.37 kg CO2
eq. emission
Carbon dioxide emitted from fugitive landfill gas and the combustion of waste and captured landfill gas
404.32 kg CO2
eq. emission
Carbon sequestration at year 100, net of biogenic carbon emissions:
677.02 kg CO2
eq. = - 677.02 kg CO2
eq. emission
17. Page 17 of 17
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products According to ISO 14025 and ISO 21930
Environmental Product Declaration
References
APA - Engineered Wood Association (2012) Structural Panel and Engineered Wood Yearbook, APA Economics
Report E178.
Athena Institute: 2013. A Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment of Canadian Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) -
2013 Update.
Composite Panel Association: 2010 North American Shipments and Downstream Market Report.
CORRIM:2013. Cradle to Gate Life Cycle Assessment of U.S. Medium Density Fiberboard Production.
FPInnovations: 2011. Product Category Rules (PCR) for preparing an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
for North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products, Version 1 (UN CPC 31, NAICS 321), November
8, 2011. http://www.forintek.ca/public/pdf/Public_Information/EPD%20Program/PCR%20November%208%20
2011%20Final.pdf
FPInnovations and Athena Institute: 2013. Business-to-Business (B2B) Carbon Sequestration Tool for Wood
EPD’s as per PCR for North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products, Version 1.
ISO 14040:2006. Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Principles and Framework.
ISO 14044:2006. Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Requirements and guidelines.
ISO 21930:2007 – Building and Construction Assets – Sustainability in building construction – Environmental
declaration of building products.
TRACI: Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other environmental Impacts: http://www.epa.
gov/ORD/NRMRL/std/sab/traci/
USLCI Database: http://www.nrel.gov/lci