The document provides information about the International Labour Organization (ILO) and its role in establishing International Labor Standards for Occupational Health and Safety. The ILO originated with nations signing the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and aims to promote decent work opportunities. It is the only UN agency that incorporates input from governments, employers, and unions. The ILO establishes International Labor Standards through a process of analysis, consultation, and adoption at the International Labor Conference. These standards are then implemented by governments and used to shape national policies on issues like health, safety, and employment.
This presentation was an assignment for a post graduate diploma course. It gives an idea of hw Surinames' workforce has benefited from us being part og the ILO for the past almost 40 years.
This is by no means a complete or comprehensive study, but if it can help someone why not share??
Accountability and Public Sector Performance in the Third World Country A Cas...ijtsrd
"This study focuses on accountability and public sector performance in the third world country A case study of Nigeria. The study is a demonstration of simple random sampling techniques on the bases of which a survey administration of questionnaires was done. The data collected was analysed by using chi square statistical tool. The result revealed that there is relationship between appraisal of transparency public office holders and public sector performance using a case study of Ose Local Government Area Secretariat, Ose, Ondo State Nigeria. The findings revealed that there is relationship between appraisal of integrity of public office holders and performance output within short and long period their regime using a case study of Ose Local Government Area Secretariat, Ose, Ondo State Nigeria. The paper recommends that issue of immunity clause as treated in the 1999 Constitution as amended must be revisited to improve accountability of public officeholder in Nigeria public service. Public officeholders need be made to answer for any suspected acts of funds misappropriation or mismanagement irrespective of social status. Oloruntoba Sunday Rufus | Gbemigun Catherine O ""Accountability and Public Sector Performance in the Third World Country: A Case Study of Nigeria"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21748.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/21748/accountability-and-public-sector-performance-in-the-third-world-country-a-case-study-of-nigeria/oloruntoba-sunday-rufus"
The mission is to secure, enforceable rights, within an enabling environment that expands business opportunity, entrepreneurship and access to justice to the poor...
Programmes designed to bring about a fair and efficient system of justice in the interest of the people have not fully lived up to expectations. Building a Legal Empowerment Programme will require a mix of features: prioritising the needs and concerns of the disadvantaged; emphasising civil society, including legal services and development NGOs, as well as community-based groups; using whatever forums (often not the courts) the poor can best access in specific situations; encouraging a supportive rather than lead role for lawyers; cooperating with government wherever possible, but pressuring it where necessary; using community organising or group formation; developing paralegal resources; integrating with mainstream socioeconomic development work; and building on community-level operations to enable the poor to inform or influence systemic change in laws, policies, and state institutions ...
יום חופש העיתונות שצויין אתמול ברחבי העולם, מוצא את חופש העיתונות בשפל של יותר מעשור, כשברחבי העולם מתגבר איום הטרור, לצד משברים פוליטיים והומניטריים ברחבי הגלובוס. ישראל מוגדרת כמדינה היחידה שבה יש חופש עיתונות במזרח התיכון לפי ארגון Freedom House אך היא דורגה במקום ה-61 בעולם במדד חופש העיתונות של הארגון.
This presentation was an assignment for a post graduate diploma course. It gives an idea of hw Surinames' workforce has benefited from us being part og the ILO for the past almost 40 years.
This is by no means a complete or comprehensive study, but if it can help someone why not share??
Accountability and Public Sector Performance in the Third World Country A Cas...ijtsrd
"This study focuses on accountability and public sector performance in the third world country A case study of Nigeria. The study is a demonstration of simple random sampling techniques on the bases of which a survey administration of questionnaires was done. The data collected was analysed by using chi square statistical tool. The result revealed that there is relationship between appraisal of transparency public office holders and public sector performance using a case study of Ose Local Government Area Secretariat, Ose, Ondo State Nigeria. The findings revealed that there is relationship between appraisal of integrity of public office holders and performance output within short and long period their regime using a case study of Ose Local Government Area Secretariat, Ose, Ondo State Nigeria. The paper recommends that issue of immunity clause as treated in the 1999 Constitution as amended must be revisited to improve accountability of public officeholder in Nigeria public service. Public officeholders need be made to answer for any suspected acts of funds misappropriation or mismanagement irrespective of social status. Oloruntoba Sunday Rufus | Gbemigun Catherine O ""Accountability and Public Sector Performance in the Third World Country: A Case Study of Nigeria"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21748.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/21748/accountability-and-public-sector-performance-in-the-third-world-country-a-case-study-of-nigeria/oloruntoba-sunday-rufus"
The mission is to secure, enforceable rights, within an enabling environment that expands business opportunity, entrepreneurship and access to justice to the poor...
Programmes designed to bring about a fair and efficient system of justice in the interest of the people have not fully lived up to expectations. Building a Legal Empowerment Programme will require a mix of features: prioritising the needs and concerns of the disadvantaged; emphasising civil society, including legal services and development NGOs, as well as community-based groups; using whatever forums (often not the courts) the poor can best access in specific situations; encouraging a supportive rather than lead role for lawyers; cooperating with government wherever possible, but pressuring it where necessary; using community organising or group formation; developing paralegal resources; integrating with mainstream socioeconomic development work; and building on community-level operations to enable the poor to inform or influence systemic change in laws, policies, and state institutions ...
יום חופש העיתונות שצויין אתמול ברחבי העולם, מוצא את חופש העיתונות בשפל של יותר מעשור, כשברחבי העולם מתגבר איום הטרור, לצד משברים פוליטיים והומניטריים ברחבי הגלובוס. ישראל מוגדרת כמדינה היחידה שבה יש חופש עיתונות במזרח התיכון לפי ארגון Freedom House אך היא דורגה במקום ה-61 בעולם במדד חופש העיתונות של הארגון.
World Social Protection Report 2014/15 Building economic recovery, inclusive ...Dr Lendy Spires
As more countries move from employer liability as the basis for employment injury protection to a mechanism based on social insurance, levels of protection for workers are likely to improve but only if new laws are effectively enforced. Disability benefits Social protection plays a key role in meeting the specific needs of persons with disabilities with regard to income security, access to health care and social inclusion.
Effective measures to support persons with dis-abilities in finding and retaining quality employment are a key element of non-discriminatory and inclusive policies that help to realize their rights and aspirations as productive members of society. Complementing contributory schemes, non-contributory disability benefits play a key role in protecting those persons with disabilities who have not (yet) earned entitlements to contributory schemes.
Only 87 countries offer such non-contributory benefits anchored in national legislation, which would provide at least a minimum level of income security for those disabled from birth or before working age, and those who for any reason have not had the opportunity to contribute to social insurance for long enough to be eligible for benefits. Maternity protection Effective maternity protection ensures income security for pregnant women and mothers of newborn children and their families, and also effective access to quality maternal health care. It also promotes equality in employment and occupation.
Worldwide, less than 40 per cent of women in employment are covered by law under mandatory maternity cash benefit schemes; 57 per cent if voluntary coverage (mainly for women in self-employment) is included. Due to the ineffective enforcement and implementation of the law in some regions (Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and Africa in particular), effective coverage is even lower: only 28 per cent of women in employment worldwide are protected through maternity cash benefits which provide some income security in during the final stages of pregnancy and after childbirth; the absence of income security forces many women to return to work prematurely.
An increasing number of countries are using non-contributory maternity cash benefits as a means to improve income security and access to maternal and child health care for pregnant women and new mothers, particularly for women living in poverty. However, significant gaps remain. Ensuring effective access to quality maternal health care is of particular importance, especially in countries where the informal economy accounts for a large pro-portion of employment.
Old-age pensions: A state responsibility The right to income security in old age, as grounded in human rights instruments and international labour standards, includes the right to an adequate pension. However, nearly half (48 per cent) of all people over pensionable age do not receive a pension. For many of those who do receive a pension, pension levels are not adequate.
Student 1 – TanyettaAccording to Budd, (2012, p.385) in the 21.docxflorriezhamphrey3065
Student 1 – Tanyetta
According to Budd, (2012, p.385) in the 21st Century in the United States and around the world, one of the most important pressures on labor relations and employment is due to globalization. Globalization has increased economic integration among countries. Some policy makers, business executives and economists also agreed that global business promotes economic development and reduce world poverty (Ho, 2003). Globalization implications are to advance free trade, promote economic development, for the people of various countries and countries that are less developed. There are some who have concerns of moral implications of global business on labor issues, human rights and the environment.
Free trade agreement and their standards is to allow a faster and more business between the countries involved where both are being benefited. Budd, (2012, p.388) suggest the reduction of trade barriers and the creation of a more stable and transparent trading and investment environment make it easier and cheaper for U.S. companies to export their products and services to trading partner markets. Still some disagree that free trade may not benefit U.S. or the partners of free trade due to job losses.
Some may embrace globalization and free trade, while other do see it as controversial. The impact of globalization on vital, social, cultural, personal and religious values are somewhat questionable. Globalization's supporters discuss that wealth revitalizes culture, and that trade and access to international markets are the best way to create wealth (Ho, 2003). Proverbs 19:21 (KJV) states; There are many devices in a man's heart; nevertheless the counsel of the Lord, that shall stand. God is the creator and in control of this world, he allows us to make wise decisions to make the world better through debateable issues. We must remember as the scriptures states in Deuteronomy 8:18 (KJV); It is the Lord thy God: for it is he that giveth thee power to get wealth, that he may establish his covenant which he sware unto thy fathers, as it is this day.
References
Budd, J. W. (2012). Labor relations: Striking a balance (4th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. ISBN: 9780078029431.
Ho, A. (2003). International Business vs. Globalization: Implications for Business Ethnics. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, (22), 51-69.
Student 2 – Kayla
Isaiah 43:9 (KJV) “Let all the nations be gathered together, and let the people be assembled: who among them can declare this, and shew us former things? let them bring forth their witnesses, that they may be justified: or let them hear, and say, [It is] truth.” The Bible tells us that all nations should come together; this verse has been carried out through globalization. Globalization is defined in Budd’s textbook as “increased economic integration among countries, and it is one of the most important pressures on labor relations – employment more generally – in the United States and around the world in.
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Ilo and international standards project
1. ILO and International Standards
Abbreviations:
ILO – International Labour Organization
OHS / OSH – Occupational Health and Safety / Occupational Safety and Health
OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration
GHS – Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals
ITC – International Training Centre (division of ILO)
Convey detailed information about the International Labour Standards
for Occupational Health and Safety.
As paraphrased from the ILO website, the ILO originated with the
signatory nations of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Their stated primary goal
is to “promote opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive
work, in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity.” From their
Mission and Objectives page, “The International Labour Organization (ILO) is
devoted to promoting social justice and internationally recognized human and
labour rights, pursuing its founding mission that labour peace is essential to
prosperity.”
The ILO boasts of being the only tripartite UN agency. This means they
have input from governments, select employers, and unions. The primary
means of addressing Health and Safety and other issues are through
International Labor Standards.
As stated on the ILO website, there is a process to the creation and
adoption of International Labor Standards. When international issues arise, the
ILO's governing board will decide to present the issue at the International Labor
Conference. The International Labor Office performs an analysis of the current
laws involving the current issue. To elicit comments and discussions of the issue
at hand, this analysis is submitted to governments, member states, workers and
employers. The Office prepares a report of these comments and discussions,
which are discussed at the International Labor Conference. Following the end of
the conference, the Office prepares a secondary reports with draft instruments
for comments which is submitted for discussion at the next conference where the
draft is signaled for adoption.
Primarily governments use International Labor Standards. Some states
choose to ratify an ILO convention while others use the standards as guidelines
to establish their law. International standards can be used to shape different
policies; they can be used to shape local policies of family and employment.
2. Some examples of work ILO was or is a part of are the GHS, which largely
accomplished what its full name spells out. Another example of ILO involvement
is UNAIDS which holds some interesting positions.
To promote their stances, the ILO has a training arm called the
International Training Centre.
For additional information, the Cornell University Law Library has a very
good and concise summary on the ILO.
How is the goal of the International Standards for Health and Safety
different from OSHA?
Per the OSHA website, OSH Act of 1970 was created in response to the
numerous work related injuries and illnesses. Under the Act, OSHA assures safe
and descent working environment for workers of the states. The goal of ILO
differs from that of OSHA in that ILO encourages the health and safety of
workers globally. Per the ILO OSH website, Safe Work is the ILO Program on
Work and Environment Safety and Health and its purpose is to bring global
awareness of the magnitude of the consequences of On-the-Job injuries and
illnesses.
The U.S. is a member of the global society and global economy. The
U.S. has extensive OSH laws. In your opinion, is there really a need to
have international standards? Do we need to participate? Explain.
Analyn’s Pre-Info Gathering Response:
Is there really a need to have international standards?
Yes, but this must be exclusively done within the specific industries for
quality settings. Going from a top-down governmental approach carries with it
extensive problems and handicaps developing countries.
Does the USA need to participate?
No and yes. It is a violation of the sovereignty of the country if done in
an official treaty level function. It is beneficial to share what expertise the USA
has and the unbiased data. Also, if the USA's standards are already high,
participation in an official capacity outside of sharing of information is not
needed. It would be best if non-government industry specialists participated.
3. Emma’s Pre-Info Gathering Response:
Is there really a need to have international standards?
Yes. International standards are necessary for product comparison and
allow fair and equal trade. Standards provide a quality mark that can facilitate
the development of many products and facilitate international trade because
requirements for quality and safety of goods are the same. They ensure safety of
transported goods.
Does the USA need to participate?
Yes. Technology and other advancements are forever changing;
participating will facilitate the updating process of products, machinery, and
other goods, which is necessary to maintain quality and safety.
Analyn’s Post-Info Gathering Response:
Is there really a need to have international standards?
I submit that I agree with International Standards from the basis of
competing in a global economy. Equal definition of terms such as the GHS is a
needed item but not for social justice. It is common sense to have universal
definitions of chemicals. The topic of chemical classification does not carry with
it charged points of view. They are what they are.
When 'social justice' gets inserted, it is attempting to project one set of
values forcibly onto other nations regardless of the views of their population and
government. For equality between governments, OSH standards should be
normalized with the lead of the various industries and aided by government
recognition. Empower the individual countries to pursue industries that fit their
assets and abilities to support. A model of this was already done on the quality
side called 6 Sigma.
To be brutally honest, the more I read about ILO and its goals, the more I
thought I was reading fiction based in a fantasy world. The ILO goals have no
basis in reality and depend on a global top-down structure system that next to
never works. I‟m not being cynical, but I‟ve seen what happens personally.
Top-down government systems or solutions fail quickly for many reasons.
4. 1) The national government is incompetent, corrupt, a dictatorship, or toothless. A
large portion of the nations either can't or won't comply but will take the bribe to
„agree‟ to the terms.
2) The reports given back to the ILO will be based on the findings of bribed
regulators. This is just the standard method of operation in the Philippines and
many other countries. Either the regulator pressures you for a bribe under
threat of shutting you down or they are available to be bought for a price.
3) The ideal solution imposed on the country serves to make life more miserable
and dangerous. When the Philippine government bowed to UN pressure to
forbid capital punishment, crime, terrorism, and murder rates soared. Certain
cities became safe again because of „vigilantes taking justice into their hands.‟
4) The ideal solutions are ridiculously impossible to implement due to fiscal,
geographic, and weather restrictions and the reservations of the populace of the
government. From the perspective of the Philippines, the people are very
hesitant to accept changes from the UN or other foreign entities for a sound
reason. They were invaded, occupied, murdered, and raped by Spain (333
years) and Japan (WWII). The people view the suggestions with great
suspicion. The government has many reasons to fear the people. As such,
what is officially passed is rarely acted on, as enforcement is unrealistic.
5) Localized details (national level in this case) never fit a one-size-fits-all solution.
What may work in the USA may not work in Chili, the Philippines, or Madagascar.
This is a core reason why costs skyrocket, as every detail cannot possibly be
included in an overarching plan.
If OSH standards are driven by Industry norms, irrespective of value sets (UN
AIDS), then the people are far more prone to support it. It would be the rules of
competing in a given industry on the global marketplace. The top-down ILO
structure basically keeps the poor countries poor and dependent.
Additionally, going through an industry norm basis gives a much stronger
check and balance to a plan. The regulator from within the industry can get
fired much easier than if they were employed by the government.
Does the USA need to participate?
Yes. We are living in a global economy. Certain aspects do need a
common base of expectations and definitions so all are on the same page. The
USA can share information and stay on top of information as it may impact the
country. I do strongly disagree with the ILO format though. Industry focused
subsections are a must. Government should serve as a facilitator and not a
controller.
Emma’s Post-Info Gathering Response:
Is there really a need to have international standards?
5. International Standards, as previously mentioned, are necessary to maintain
competitive markets as well as safety and quality of transported goods. When
one thinks about the healthcare field, its medical supplies and equipments,
International Standards are a must. They ensure the quality and safety of such
equipments to properly cater to patient‟s needs.
International standards are beneficial to different aspect of society. It is
beneficial to consumers because the confidence level in the products, goods, and
services is elevated and a greater variety of offers is available as well. According
to IDS article, International standards are also beneficial to governments
because they can serve as a guide for policy making in matters of safety and
health (3). One example in which International standards have been successful is
found on ILO website. It is in the prevention of product poisoning related
accidents among children. International standards worked to implement child
safety caps for chemical fluids and other hazardous materials that can be
harmful to children. Another example was food safety management. Standards
require that organizations prove that food is safe at the time of consumption (4).
Standards are adopted based on current international issues but adopting
or implementing these standards does not guarantee change so this could pose a
challenge for certain organizations and governments. ISO does aim to provide
worldwide safety of different aspect of life but as any organization, it is an
imperfect one.
Does the USA need to participate?
The US has been heavily involved with ISO from the start. They both share the
same goals to encourage and maintain human rights in every aspect of life but
especially in working conditions. According to ISO.org, They both made a
commitment to bring respect for democratic principles.
Technology and other advancements are forever changing; the US participation
will facilitate the updating process of products, machinery, and other goods
which is necessary to maintain quality, safety, and fair and efficient trade.