This document discusses various design elements that can create the illusion of space in two-dimensional artwork, including overlapping objects, similar objects decreasing in size with distance, transparency, forced perspective, scale/proportion, atmospheric perspective, and linear perspective converging at a point. It provides examples like a veil that appears transparent, an Op Art painting with progressively smaller squares, and an Escher work that plays with linear perspective rules. The principles can be combined, as in a surrealist painting example that uses transparency, size reduction, and atmospheric techniques.