1) The document contains excerpts from Homer's epic poem The Iliad describing interactions between various characters during the Trojan War. 2) In one excerpt, Zeus tells Hera he will not defend three cities she names if they become hateful to her. 3) Another excerpt depicts Hektor holding his infant son, who cries in fear at the sight of his father's armor. Hektor prays his son will be greater than him. 4) Achilles tells the embassy sent to retrieve Hector's body that no amount of gifts could make up for Agamemnon's insult, as a man's life cannot be regained once lost.

1. ILIAD (Excerpts)
INTRODUCTION
Sing, goddess, the anger of
Peleus’ son Achilleus
and its devastation, which put pains thousandfold upon the
Achaians,
hurled in their multitudes to the house of Hades strong souls
of heroes,
but gave their bodies to be the d
elicate feasting
of dogs, of all birds, and the will of Zeus was accomplished
since that time when first there stood in division of conflict
Atreus’ son the lord of men and brilliant Achilles. (I)
ZEUS AND HERA
Of all the cities there are three that are
dearest to my own heart:
Argos and Sparta and Mykenai of the wide ways. All these,
Whenever they become hateful to your heart, sack utterly.
I will not stand up for these against you
, nor yet begrudge you. (IV)
HEKTOR AND ANDROMACHE
So speaking glorious
Hektor held out his arms to his baby,
who shrank back to his fair
-girdled nurse’s bosoms
creaming, and frightened at the aspect of his own father,
terrified as he saw the bronze and the crest with its horse-
hair, nodding dreadfully, as he thought, from the

2. peak of the helmet. Then his beloved father laughed out, and
his honoured mother, and at once glorious Hektor lifted from
his head the helmet and laid it in all its shining upon the
ground. Then taking up his dear son he tossed him about in
his arms, and kissed him, and lifted his voice in prayer to Zeus
and the other immortals: “Zeus, and you other immortals, grant
this boy, who is my son, may be as I am, pre-eminent among
the Trojans, great in strength, as I am, and rule strongly over
Ilion; and some day let them say of him: “He is better by far
than his father”, as he comes in from the fighting; and let him
kill his enemy and bring home the blooded spoils, and delight
the heart of his mother.” (VI)
ACHILLES TO THE EMBASSY
Fate is the same for the man who holds back, and the same if
he fights hard. We are all held in a single honour, the brave
with the weaklings. A man dies still if he has done nothing, as
one who has done much. Nothing is won for me, now that my
heart has gone through its afflictions
In forever setting my life on the hazard of battle....
Not if he gave me gifts as many as the sand or the dust is,
not even so would Agamemnon have his way with my spirit
until he made good to me all this heartrending insolence....
For not worth the value of my life are all the possessions they
fable were won for Ilion, that strong - founded citadel, in the
old days when there was peace, before the coming of the sons
of the Achaians; not all that the stone doorsill of the Archer
holds fast within it, of Phoibos Apollo in Pytho of the rocks. Of
possessions cattle and fat sheep are things to be had for the
lifting, and tripods can be won, and the tawny high heads of
horses, but a man’s life cannot come back again, it cannot be

3. lifted nor captured again by force, once it has crossed the
teeth’s barrier. (IX)
ACHILLES TO LYKAON
So friend, you die also. Why all this clamour about it?
Patroklos also is dead, who was better by far than you are.
Do you not see what a man I am, how huge, how splendid
and born of a great father. And the mother who bore me
immortal? Yet even I have also my death and my strong
destiny, and there shall be a dawn or an afternoon or a noon
- Time when some man in the fighting shall take the life from
me also either with a spearcast or an arrow flown from the
bowstring. (XXI)
PRIAM AND ACHILLES
“Achilleus, like the gods, remember your father, one who
is of years like mine, and on the door
-
sill of sorrowful old age.
And they who dwell nearby encompass him and afflict him,
nor is there anyone to defend hi
m against the wrath, the destruction.
Yet surely he, when he hears of you and that you are still
living,
is gladdened within his heart and all his days he is hopeful
that he will see his beloved son come home from the Troad....
Honour then the gods Achilleus
and take pity upon me
remembering your father, yet I am still more pitiful;
I have gone through what no other mortal on earth has gone
through;

4. I put my lips to the hands of the man who has killed my
children.”
So he spoke, and stirred in the other a pass
ion of grieving
for his own father. He took the old man’s hand and pushed
him
gently away, and the two remembered, as Priam sat huddled
at the feet of Achilleus and wept close for manslaughtering
Hektor
and Achilleus wept now for his own father, now again
for Patroklos. (XXIV)