The document is the June 2012 issue of the International Journal of Research in Commerce, IT & Management. It contains 30 research papers on various topics related to commerce, management, IT, and other fields. The papers are between 3-25 pages in length and were written by researchers from India and other countries. The issue also includes information about the journal such as its aims, scope, editorial board members, instructions for authors, and details of the journal's indexing in various databases.
This document provides a case study comparison of the designs of two three-star hotels: Hotel The Altius and Hotel Mountview. It includes analyses of the sites and locations of each hotel. It also details the building regulations, external and internal connectivity, layouts, facilities, space modules, and bedroom designs of both hotels. The goal is to compare the designs of the two hotels to meet three-star rating standards.
A HR Case Study On Hotel Taj Terror Attack
The Case Study Presentation Consist Of Following Slides :-
1. Background Of The Hotel Company.
2. Introduction Of Hotel Company.
3. Taj Group Of Hotel Segmentation.
4. Special Services Provided By The Taj Hotel Comapany.
5.Background Of The Terror Attack On Taj Hotel.
6. A Small Glimpse Of Terror Attack On Taj Hotel.
7. Analysis Of The Situation.
8. A Small Glimpse Of Inspirational Example.
9. HR Success Story Of Taj Hotel.
10. Recruitment & Selection Policy.
11. Training & Development Policy.
12. 360 Degree Feedback.
13. Employee Satisfaction Tracking System (ESTS).
14. Special Thanks & Recognition System (STARS).
15. References.
This document contains portfolio information for Ashwani Bhalla including architecture and interior design projects. It summarizes key projects such as Logix Blossom Green housing development, Canary Greens housing, JW Marriott Hotel. It also provides details on several interior design projects including JCB India offices, New Delhi Airport Terminal 3, and the Albert Hall Museum in Jaipur. Project descriptions include scope, area, and the roles and responsibilities of Ashwani Bhalla. Design drawings and photos are included for the Canary Greens housing and JCB manufacturing plant administration office projects.
Raigad fort is located in Maharashtra, India. It served as the capital of the Maratha kingdom under King Shivaji in 1674. The fort sits at an elevation of 820 meters above sea level on a hill in the Sahyadri mountain range. There are approximately 1400 steps leading up to the fort, though a ropeway now provides access. Ruins at the fort include the queen's quarters, the main palace foundations, watchtowers, and an execution point. The fort also has ruins of the old market area and structures that allowed for shopping from horseback.
Architectural skills development centrePrachi Gupta
This document outlines the proposed contents and facilities of an architectural skills development center. It would provide spaces for students to learn various disciplines like draughtsmanship, carpentry, masonry, plumbing, and electrical work. Classrooms, workshops, and specialized spaces like computer labs, libraries, and courtyards would support learning activities. An area statement lists the proposed size of facilities like the principal's office, staff room, classrooms, workshops, and toilets to ensure all necessary functions have adequate space. The center aims to give students hands-on learning in an interactive environment where they can work as part of an architectural project team.
The document provides details about the town planning and architecture of Jaisalmer Fort in Rajasthan, India. It was founded in 1156 AD by Maharawal Jaisal and is located in the Thar Desert. The triangular fort sits atop a hill and has thick double walls for protection. It includes the royal palace, Jain temples, and ornate merchant havelis carved from golden-yellow sandstone. The fort demonstrates ingenious drainage and defense systems that have allowed it to remain intact for over 800 years in the desert climate.
The document summarizes the Avasa Hotel project in Hyderabad, India designed by Nandu Associates. The hotel has 217 rooms across 9 floors situated around a central atrium. It includes 5 banquet halls of varying sizes, 3 restaurants including an all-day dining restaurant and an Asian specialty restaurant. Guest amenities include a gym, spa, and outdoor swimming pool. The rooms are of different categories from standard rooms to suites and include amenities such as WiFi and minibars. The project utilized a vierendeel frame structural system to create terraces and support large spans in the sky bar.
it is the architecture case study based upon the web info.
it includes introduction, architectural design style, history, floor plans, movements of people and etc.
This document provides a case study comparison of the designs of two three-star hotels: Hotel The Altius and Hotel Mountview. It includes analyses of the sites and locations of each hotel. It also details the building regulations, external and internal connectivity, layouts, facilities, space modules, and bedroom designs of both hotels. The goal is to compare the designs of the two hotels to meet three-star rating standards.
A HR Case Study On Hotel Taj Terror Attack
The Case Study Presentation Consist Of Following Slides :-
1. Background Of The Hotel Company.
2. Introduction Of Hotel Company.
3. Taj Group Of Hotel Segmentation.
4. Special Services Provided By The Taj Hotel Comapany.
5.Background Of The Terror Attack On Taj Hotel.
6. A Small Glimpse Of Terror Attack On Taj Hotel.
7. Analysis Of The Situation.
8. A Small Glimpse Of Inspirational Example.
9. HR Success Story Of Taj Hotel.
10. Recruitment & Selection Policy.
11. Training & Development Policy.
12. 360 Degree Feedback.
13. Employee Satisfaction Tracking System (ESTS).
14. Special Thanks & Recognition System (STARS).
15. References.
This document contains portfolio information for Ashwani Bhalla including architecture and interior design projects. It summarizes key projects such as Logix Blossom Green housing development, Canary Greens housing, JW Marriott Hotel. It also provides details on several interior design projects including JCB India offices, New Delhi Airport Terminal 3, and the Albert Hall Museum in Jaipur. Project descriptions include scope, area, and the roles and responsibilities of Ashwani Bhalla. Design drawings and photos are included for the Canary Greens housing and JCB manufacturing plant administration office projects.
Raigad fort is located in Maharashtra, India. It served as the capital of the Maratha kingdom under King Shivaji in 1674. The fort sits at an elevation of 820 meters above sea level on a hill in the Sahyadri mountain range. There are approximately 1400 steps leading up to the fort, though a ropeway now provides access. Ruins at the fort include the queen's quarters, the main palace foundations, watchtowers, and an execution point. The fort also has ruins of the old market area and structures that allowed for shopping from horseback.
Architectural skills development centrePrachi Gupta
This document outlines the proposed contents and facilities of an architectural skills development center. It would provide spaces for students to learn various disciplines like draughtsmanship, carpentry, masonry, plumbing, and electrical work. Classrooms, workshops, and specialized spaces like computer labs, libraries, and courtyards would support learning activities. An area statement lists the proposed size of facilities like the principal's office, staff room, classrooms, workshops, and toilets to ensure all necessary functions have adequate space. The center aims to give students hands-on learning in an interactive environment where they can work as part of an architectural project team.
The document provides details about the town planning and architecture of Jaisalmer Fort in Rajasthan, India. It was founded in 1156 AD by Maharawal Jaisal and is located in the Thar Desert. The triangular fort sits atop a hill and has thick double walls for protection. It includes the royal palace, Jain temples, and ornate merchant havelis carved from golden-yellow sandstone. The fort demonstrates ingenious drainage and defense systems that have allowed it to remain intact for over 800 years in the desert climate.
The document summarizes the Avasa Hotel project in Hyderabad, India designed by Nandu Associates. The hotel has 217 rooms across 9 floors situated around a central atrium. It includes 5 banquet halls of varying sizes, 3 restaurants including an all-day dining restaurant and an Asian specialty restaurant. Guest amenities include a gym, spa, and outdoor swimming pool. The rooms are of different categories from standard rooms to suites and include amenities such as WiFi and minibars. The project utilized a vierendeel frame structural system to create terraces and support large spans in the sky bar.
it is the architecture case study based upon the web info.
it includes introduction, architectural design style, history, floor plans, movements of people and etc.
The Nakheel Tower proposed for Dubai would be a vertical city containing over 15,000 residents. It would stand over 1 kilometer tall, making it one of the tallest buildings ever constructed. The tower's unique structural design utilizes a central core and perimeter supports to distribute wind and gravitational loads efficiently throughout the supertall structure. Sustainable features like black water treatment and on-site energy generation are planned to reduce environmental impacts. While exceptionally ambitious and advanced, the project also faces challenges from its scale, including complex construction logistics and potential seismic effects.
Sarath City Capital Mall, Hyderabad Case Study.pdfKAndrew01
Sarath City Capital Mall is located in Hyderabad, India and is the largest shopping mall in India. It has over 450 stores spread across nearly 2 million square feet of retail space across 6 floors. The mall aims to provide both international and local brand stores along with amenities like a 7-screen movie theater, food courts, and entertainment zones. It attracts large crowds due to its size, variety of stores, and central location in Hyderabad's technology corridor.
The project discusses the competition set of hotels of Radisson Blu Hotel Delhi. Now, the hotel is facing some stiff competition from other hotels that are functional near it. Although, the list is quite long if we count the number of hotels functional near the Airport. But, the hotel has set up a competition set for its own. We have also discussed the parameters on which the competition set is made.
It is understood by the facts and data provided by relevant sources in the project that the industry is growing at a considerable rate.
At last, I have discussed the areas on which the hotel needs to work on to maintain its sam market share.
The document discusses the mall design process, which involves several stages to ensure the mall is functional, aesthetic, and safe. The stages include developing an initial concept and feasibility study, appointing an architect, creating a preliminary design, developing a schematic design incorporating client feedback, finalizing detailed designs for regulatory approval and construction, and breaking the design into construction drawings. The goal is to collaborate across functions like architecture, civil works, interiors, electrics, and amenities to effectively plan and design the shopping mall.
This document provides plans and details for the Westend Mall located in Ludhiana, Punjab, India. It includes floor plans for the basement parking levels, lower ground floor, upper ground floor, first floor, second floor, third floor, and roof. It outlines the key features of the mall such as the atrium, fire escapes, elevators, retail stores, offices, food court, and 4-screen multiplex. It also provides the total land and built-up areas, leaseable areas, parking areas, number of levels, tenants, and daily footfall. Finally, it discusses the architectural style and both strengths and drawbacks of the mall's design.
case study of Select city walk, saket, new delhiSumit Jha
This case study examines Select CityWalk, an urban entertainment center in Saket, Delhi. It is a 1.3 million square foot shopping mall with three floors of office space, six screen multiplex, and serviced apartments. The mall was planned with four zones - family, youth, celebration, and an open plaza. It has three basement floors for parking and is accessible by public transport and private vehicles. Landscaping features a 4-acre outdoor plaza with fountains and seating areas. The mall provides a variety of stores, restaurants, a multiplex and services to attract visitors.
The document discusses a retrofit of the Himurja office building for the government of Himachal Pradesh. Existing buildings consume large amounts of energy resources, so the retrofit aimed to limit this by converting limitations into opportunities, including adding a solarium section to utilize solar energy.
Hotel Silicrest is a 3-star business hotel located in Bangalore, India. It has 32 rooms across 5 floors, as well as facilities like a restaurant, conference room, and parking. The document provides detailed information on the layout of each floor, amenities and facilities in the rooms and common areas, as well as safety and energy consumption aspects of the hotel.
IIT Roorkee is located in Roorkee, Uttarakhand near the foothills of the Himalayas. It was founded in 1847 to train engineers for construction projects. Over time it has expanded to include various engineering, science and management programs. It has two campuses in Roorkee and Saharanpur covering over 381 acres with various academic departments, hostels, facilities and centers. It has over 8,000 students and 1,400 faculty and staff. The document provides details on the location, history, programs, infrastructure and facilities of IIT Roorkee.
Industrial Exposure Training Report On Taj Palace Hotel
Industrial Exposure Training Report - Taj Palace Hotel, Industrial Exposure Training Report, Taj Palace Hotel, Masala Art, Blue Ginger, Orient Express, Blue Bar, In Room Dining, Amenity Cell, Banquets, Darbar, Jahanara, Roshnara, Mumtaz, Noor Nausheen, Oval, Rosewood, Garde Manger, Butchery, Continental Kitchen, Indian Kitchen, Bakery, Front Office, Bell Desk, Travel Desk, Time Office, Reservation, Concierge, Tea Lounge, Kafe Fontana, Butler Service, New Delhi, 5 Star Hotel, Taj, IHCL, Indian Hotels Company Limited
Measure Drawing Report (Old state museum kedah)Jy Chong
The document summarizes the methods used to document and analyze the Old State Museum of Kedah building. A group of 16 architecture students conducted on-site measurements, photographs, and interviews over 5 days to collect building data and historical information. They utilized various measurement tools, equipment, and research methods to thoroughly document the building. The group also created measured drawings and a model to aid in their analysis of the building's form, spatial planning, materials, and architectural influences.
The following presentation includes the case studies of different residential buildings. It was done by students of Pulchowk campus, Nepal in 2nd year.
it includes the form and functional aspects of residential buildings and how can we develop concepts. also it includes topics like site forces and how they have effects in design process.
The Atlantis Hotel in Dubai is located on Palm Jumeirah, an artificial island shaped like a palm tree. It has over 1,500 guest rooms across its Royal Towers and features 16 restaurants, bars, and cafes as well as meeting spaces. The resort offers an immersive experience with its water attractions containing over 68,000 cubic meters of salt and fresh water and entertainment that brings an ocean theme into the center of any visit.
The Eureka Tower in Melbourne, Australia is named after the 1854 Eureka Rebellion. Its design features a gold crown representing the gold rush and a red stripe representing blood spilled. It has 92 floors including 84 floors of apartments. When completed, it was the world's tallest residential building. Its unique feature is the Eureka Skydeck on the 88th floor.
Prestige Tech Park III is an IT park development located in Sarjapur, Bangalore along the IT corridor. It consists of three independent office towers called Valence, Velocity, and Vector clustered around a central landscaped courtyard. Each tower has unobstructed floor plates and segregated service cores to provide efficient workspace. The development includes a multi-level car park that can accommodate 900 cars. The master plan clusters the buildings and car park while separating public, semi-public, and private spaces with layered access.
DLF Mall of India is a large shopping mall located in Noida, India spread across 2 million square feet. It was designed by Benoy Architects and constructed by Turner International. The mall is divided into 5 zones across 7 floors and includes 330 brands and 75 food and beverage options. Key features include a 1,200 seat food court and 7-screen cinema. With its prime location and mix of international and Indian brands, DLF Mall of India has been successful in providing a unique shopping and entertainment experience.
Dean D'Cruz is an architect from Bombay, India. He began his career working for architect Gerard Da Cunha in Goa. He later became a partner at Natural Architecture and co-founded Mozaic. Currently, his work emphasizes urban interventions, sustainability, and conservation. Mozaic has designed several notable projects in India including Fisherman's Cove beach resort, Sharanam Green hotel, and Nilaya Hermitage wellness retreat. Sharanam Green incorporated local mango trees and leaves into its design. Nilaya Hermitage features 11 uniquely designed guest rooms and 2 luxury tents, with an emphasis on natural materials and connection to nature.
The document provides information on the area breakdown of a school in Tamil Nadu, India with a total area of 5000 sqm. It indicates that 19.1% of the total area is built up space, with the largest portions being dedicated to circulation spaces (72.06%), classrooms (36.37%), and toilets (7.03%). The remaining document provides floor plans for a kindergarten in China with a total area of 4172 sqm, showing the layout and functions of different rooms and outdoor spaces across its ground, first, second, and roof levels.
The document summarizes the refurbishment of the COLLAGE store interiors in Chennai, India. The designers created a minimal, light interior with an all-white color scheme to highlight the ethnic clothing. Display sections and subtle lighting were added to feature the new bridal wear collection. The client was happy with the contemporary yet simple redesign of the existing well-designed space.
Este documento contiene 15 preguntas para una clase de tutoría de 6o grado. Instruye al estudiante a leer todas las preguntas antes de responder y solo responder a las preguntas 1, 4, 7, 8, 10 y 14 que tratan sobre los valores transmitidos en clase, la utilidad de la clase de tutoría, la evaluación de los maestros, la importancia de la motivación y cosas que gustaron y no gustaron de la clase.
The Nakheel Tower proposed for Dubai would be a vertical city containing over 15,000 residents. It would stand over 1 kilometer tall, making it one of the tallest buildings ever constructed. The tower's unique structural design utilizes a central core and perimeter supports to distribute wind and gravitational loads efficiently throughout the supertall structure. Sustainable features like black water treatment and on-site energy generation are planned to reduce environmental impacts. While exceptionally ambitious and advanced, the project also faces challenges from its scale, including complex construction logistics and potential seismic effects.
Sarath City Capital Mall, Hyderabad Case Study.pdfKAndrew01
Sarath City Capital Mall is located in Hyderabad, India and is the largest shopping mall in India. It has over 450 stores spread across nearly 2 million square feet of retail space across 6 floors. The mall aims to provide both international and local brand stores along with amenities like a 7-screen movie theater, food courts, and entertainment zones. It attracts large crowds due to its size, variety of stores, and central location in Hyderabad's technology corridor.
The project discusses the competition set of hotels of Radisson Blu Hotel Delhi. Now, the hotel is facing some stiff competition from other hotels that are functional near it. Although, the list is quite long if we count the number of hotels functional near the Airport. But, the hotel has set up a competition set for its own. We have also discussed the parameters on which the competition set is made.
It is understood by the facts and data provided by relevant sources in the project that the industry is growing at a considerable rate.
At last, I have discussed the areas on which the hotel needs to work on to maintain its sam market share.
The document discusses the mall design process, which involves several stages to ensure the mall is functional, aesthetic, and safe. The stages include developing an initial concept and feasibility study, appointing an architect, creating a preliminary design, developing a schematic design incorporating client feedback, finalizing detailed designs for regulatory approval and construction, and breaking the design into construction drawings. The goal is to collaborate across functions like architecture, civil works, interiors, electrics, and amenities to effectively plan and design the shopping mall.
This document provides plans and details for the Westend Mall located in Ludhiana, Punjab, India. It includes floor plans for the basement parking levels, lower ground floor, upper ground floor, first floor, second floor, third floor, and roof. It outlines the key features of the mall such as the atrium, fire escapes, elevators, retail stores, offices, food court, and 4-screen multiplex. It also provides the total land and built-up areas, leaseable areas, parking areas, number of levels, tenants, and daily footfall. Finally, it discusses the architectural style and both strengths and drawbacks of the mall's design.
case study of Select city walk, saket, new delhiSumit Jha
This case study examines Select CityWalk, an urban entertainment center in Saket, Delhi. It is a 1.3 million square foot shopping mall with three floors of office space, six screen multiplex, and serviced apartments. The mall was planned with four zones - family, youth, celebration, and an open plaza. It has three basement floors for parking and is accessible by public transport and private vehicles. Landscaping features a 4-acre outdoor plaza with fountains and seating areas. The mall provides a variety of stores, restaurants, a multiplex and services to attract visitors.
The document discusses a retrofit of the Himurja office building for the government of Himachal Pradesh. Existing buildings consume large amounts of energy resources, so the retrofit aimed to limit this by converting limitations into opportunities, including adding a solarium section to utilize solar energy.
Hotel Silicrest is a 3-star business hotel located in Bangalore, India. It has 32 rooms across 5 floors, as well as facilities like a restaurant, conference room, and parking. The document provides detailed information on the layout of each floor, amenities and facilities in the rooms and common areas, as well as safety and energy consumption aspects of the hotel.
IIT Roorkee is located in Roorkee, Uttarakhand near the foothills of the Himalayas. It was founded in 1847 to train engineers for construction projects. Over time it has expanded to include various engineering, science and management programs. It has two campuses in Roorkee and Saharanpur covering over 381 acres with various academic departments, hostels, facilities and centers. It has over 8,000 students and 1,400 faculty and staff. The document provides details on the location, history, programs, infrastructure and facilities of IIT Roorkee.
Industrial Exposure Training Report On Taj Palace Hotel
Industrial Exposure Training Report - Taj Palace Hotel, Industrial Exposure Training Report, Taj Palace Hotel, Masala Art, Blue Ginger, Orient Express, Blue Bar, In Room Dining, Amenity Cell, Banquets, Darbar, Jahanara, Roshnara, Mumtaz, Noor Nausheen, Oval, Rosewood, Garde Manger, Butchery, Continental Kitchen, Indian Kitchen, Bakery, Front Office, Bell Desk, Travel Desk, Time Office, Reservation, Concierge, Tea Lounge, Kafe Fontana, Butler Service, New Delhi, 5 Star Hotel, Taj, IHCL, Indian Hotels Company Limited
Measure Drawing Report (Old state museum kedah)Jy Chong
The document summarizes the methods used to document and analyze the Old State Museum of Kedah building. A group of 16 architecture students conducted on-site measurements, photographs, and interviews over 5 days to collect building data and historical information. They utilized various measurement tools, equipment, and research methods to thoroughly document the building. The group also created measured drawings and a model to aid in their analysis of the building's form, spatial planning, materials, and architectural influences.
The following presentation includes the case studies of different residential buildings. It was done by students of Pulchowk campus, Nepal in 2nd year.
it includes the form and functional aspects of residential buildings and how can we develop concepts. also it includes topics like site forces and how they have effects in design process.
The Atlantis Hotel in Dubai is located on Palm Jumeirah, an artificial island shaped like a palm tree. It has over 1,500 guest rooms across its Royal Towers and features 16 restaurants, bars, and cafes as well as meeting spaces. The resort offers an immersive experience with its water attractions containing over 68,000 cubic meters of salt and fresh water and entertainment that brings an ocean theme into the center of any visit.
The Eureka Tower in Melbourne, Australia is named after the 1854 Eureka Rebellion. Its design features a gold crown representing the gold rush and a red stripe representing blood spilled. It has 92 floors including 84 floors of apartments. When completed, it was the world's tallest residential building. Its unique feature is the Eureka Skydeck on the 88th floor.
Prestige Tech Park III is an IT park development located in Sarjapur, Bangalore along the IT corridor. It consists of three independent office towers called Valence, Velocity, and Vector clustered around a central landscaped courtyard. Each tower has unobstructed floor plates and segregated service cores to provide efficient workspace. The development includes a multi-level car park that can accommodate 900 cars. The master plan clusters the buildings and car park while separating public, semi-public, and private spaces with layered access.
DLF Mall of India is a large shopping mall located in Noida, India spread across 2 million square feet. It was designed by Benoy Architects and constructed by Turner International. The mall is divided into 5 zones across 7 floors and includes 330 brands and 75 food and beverage options. Key features include a 1,200 seat food court and 7-screen cinema. With its prime location and mix of international and Indian brands, DLF Mall of India has been successful in providing a unique shopping and entertainment experience.
Dean D'Cruz is an architect from Bombay, India. He began his career working for architect Gerard Da Cunha in Goa. He later became a partner at Natural Architecture and co-founded Mozaic. Currently, his work emphasizes urban interventions, sustainability, and conservation. Mozaic has designed several notable projects in India including Fisherman's Cove beach resort, Sharanam Green hotel, and Nilaya Hermitage wellness retreat. Sharanam Green incorporated local mango trees and leaves into its design. Nilaya Hermitage features 11 uniquely designed guest rooms and 2 luxury tents, with an emphasis on natural materials and connection to nature.
The document provides information on the area breakdown of a school in Tamil Nadu, India with a total area of 5000 sqm. It indicates that 19.1% of the total area is built up space, with the largest portions being dedicated to circulation spaces (72.06%), classrooms (36.37%), and toilets (7.03%). The remaining document provides floor plans for a kindergarten in China with a total area of 4172 sqm, showing the layout and functions of different rooms and outdoor spaces across its ground, first, second, and roof levels.
The document summarizes the refurbishment of the COLLAGE store interiors in Chennai, India. The designers created a minimal, light interior with an all-white color scheme to highlight the ethnic clothing. Display sections and subtle lighting were added to feature the new bridal wear collection. The client was happy with the contemporary yet simple redesign of the existing well-designed space.
Este documento contiene 15 preguntas para una clase de tutoría de 6o grado. Instruye al estudiante a leer todas las preguntas antes de responder y solo responder a las preguntas 1, 4, 7, 8, 10 y 14 que tratan sobre los valores transmitidos en clase, la utilidad de la clase de tutoría, la evaluación de los maestros, la importancia de la motivación y cosas que gustaron y no gustaron de la clase.
El documento describe las formas del lenguaje del derecho. Explica que el derecho tiene su propio lenguaje especializado con vocablos que adquieren un significado específico en el contexto jurídico. También señala que es indispensable saber utilizar correctamente este lenguaje para convencer al destinatario de los argumentos jurídicos. Finalmente, resume las funciones del lenguaje del derecho como indicativa, para describir el mundo legal, y directiva, para establecer normas con un efecto prescriptivo.
The document discusses venture funding and why it is important for startups. It mentions that venture funding can help startups grow and expand into new markets, especially for technology companies seeking to develop new products and reach more users. However, it cautions that startups need to have a realistic plan and should be prepared to answer questions from potential investors about their strategy and goals.
El documento resume los programas y proyectos de capacitación para el empleo, educación, emprendimiento e innovación, tecnología e informática, y cultura implementados por la Alcaldía de Guarne entre 2012-2015. Se capacitó a más de 1300 personas en oficios como operario industrial, panadería, gastronomía, belleza, entre otros. Se beneficiaron a más de 1700 personas en formación en tecnologías de la información y comunicación. También se resumen los logros en educación como la dotación de equipos a colegios, el programa de bec
Este documento describe los criterios para la organización de los espacios, tiempos y materiales en el aula de educación primaria. Explica que los espacios deben ser adaptables, flexibles, variados y polivalentes. También describe los diferentes tipos de espacios como los exteriores, interiores comunes y el aula. Del mismo modo, establece criterios para la distribución del tiempo y los materiales didácticos, así como la importancia de evaluar periódicamente la organización de estos elementos.
GNLD's Feminine Herbal Complex addresses women's unique monthly needs with a blend of herbs that support normal female physiology. For centuries, herbalists have known that certain herbs can balance the feminine cycle by addressing needs specific to the female system without side effects. The formula contains herbs like wild yam, which supports normal female function, and St. John's wort, which helps support calmness and relieve low mood. It provides a comprehensive blend of globally sourced herbs to optimize their ability to support women's cyclical needs naturally.
ZeroCalz launches the most Delicious & Healthy, Quinoa based Zero Sugar, Zero Fat, Zero Cholesterol Ready-to-Eat, Ready-to-Cook & Ready-to-Drink products.
El documento resume los resultados de varios programas de actividad física y deporte en Guarne. Reporta cifras sobre el número de personas, actividades, escenarios deportivos y disciplinas atendidas, así como los costos y logros obtenidos en cada programa. El objetivo general es fomentar hábitos de vida saludable en la comunidad a través de la práctica regular del deporte y la actividad física.
El documento describe las actividades del primer día de clase para estudiantes de primer grado. Los padres son convocados a una reunión para explicar detalles como el horario, material necesario y normas. En el primer día, los estudiantes son recibidos y presentados a través de un juego rítmico. Luego, realizan actividades como decorar el salón y establecer normas de clase. Al final del día, el profesor acompaña a los estudiantes a la salida.
The document compares NFL teams' performance on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram over specific date ranges. It finds that the Dallas Cowboys had the largest Facebook fan base while the Arizona Cardinals saw the highest fan growth. Across social media platforms, the Denver Broncos published the most posts and the New England Patriots had the highest engagement. The Patriots also received the most likes, comments and shares on Facebook. The document analyzes teams' social media strategies and provides metrics on their posts, followers, hashtags and response times.
This project proposes a modern art museum in Presidio, San Francisco situated on a forested site near a cliff overlooking the Pacific Ocean. The project uses an "infinite loop" concept for the museum circulation, combining spiral, linear, and cluster typologies. Research was conducted on the programs and circulations of historical and contemporary art museums to inform the design. The proposed museum would have an entrance level, gallery level, and restaurant level connected by the continuous looping circulation.
Determinants of bank's interest margin in the aftermath of the crisis: the ef...Ivie
This study analyzes the determinants of banks' net interest margins during 2008-2014, when monetary policy measures were expansionary. The authors estimate a model where net interest margin depends on factors including: short-term interest rates; the slope of the yield curve; market power; credit risk; interest rate risk; costs; and reserves. The results suggest net interest margins are positively affected by short-term rates and the yield curve slope, but the relationships are nonlinear. Credit risk also positively impacts margins, while costs, liquid reserves, and efficiency negatively affect margins.
Este documento describe los métodos para evaluar proyectos educativos desde una perspectiva económica. Explica que estos proyectos generan beneficios dentro y fuera de la escuela. Los beneficios dentro de la escuela incluyen ganancias en eficiencia, mientras que los beneficios fuera de la escuela incluyen mayores ingresos para los estudiantes. El documento también presenta ejemplos de cómo cuantificar estos beneficios y compararlos con los costos para determinar la viabilidad de los proyectos.
Este documento presenta la programación didáctica de inglés para segundo grado de primaria. Se centra en desarrollar las cuatro habilidades básicas de inglés y utilizar las tecnologías. Los objetivos son usar activamente el inglés para la comunicación, desarrollar experiencias reales con el idioma y trabajar la comprensión y producción oral y escrita.
El documento resume las revoluciones políticas, en particular la Revolución Francesa. Explica las causas de la Revolución Francesa, como las desigualdades sociales, la crisis económica y las ideas de la Ilustración. Detalla las etapas de la Revolución, incluida la Asamblea Constituyente, la Asamblea Legislativa, la Convención Nacional y el Directorio. Resalta hitos como la toma de la Bastilla, la ejecución de Luis XVI y las reformas de la Convención Montañesa. También anal
El documento resume la literatura de las primeras civilizaciones mesopotámicas. Los sumerios inventaron la escritura cuneiforme para dejar constancia de su pensamiento, mitos y forma de vida en textos administrativos, literarios y religiosos. Algunas de las obras literarias más importantes fueron el Código de Hammurabi, el Poema de la Creación y el Poema de Gilgamesh.
This document is the March 2012 issue of the International Journal of Research in Commerce, IT & Management. It contains 30 articles on various topics related to business, management, and information technology. The journal is peer-reviewed and published monthly. It includes tables of contents, lists of editors and advisors, and a call for manuscript submissions.
This document is the October 2013 issue of the International Journal of Research in Computer Application & Management. It contains 30 research papers on various topics related to business, management, and computer applications. The document provides details of the journal such as its ISSN number, index listings, and information about the editor and editorial board. It also includes an index listing the title and authors of each research paper in the issue.
This document is the July 2013 issue of the International Journal of Research in Commerce & Management. It contains 30 research articles on various topics related to commerce, business, management, and other related fields. The articles were double-blind peer reviewed prior to publication. The issue includes an editorial board, instructions for submitting manuscripts, and other administrative contents for the journal.
A Comparative Study Of Profitability Of Two Companies A Case StudyCrystal Sanchez
This document is the October 2013 issue of the International Journal of Research in Commerce & Management. It contains 30 articles on various topics related to business, commerce, and management. The articles are written by authors from different countries and cover a wide range of subjects including finance, marketing, human resources, economics, and more. Each article is 3-5 pages long and has been peer-reviewed. The issue also includes information about the journal such as its aims and scope, editorial board members, guidelines for submitting manuscripts, and instructions for authors.
This document appears to be the contents listing for an academic journal called the International Journal of Research in Commerce, Economics & Management. It includes 30 articles on various topics related to commerce, economics, management and other subjects. The listing provides the title and authors of each article, as well as general information about the journal such as its publication details, advisory boards, and a call for manuscript submissions.
This document is the November 2013 issue of the International Journal of Research in Commerce & Management. It contains 30 articles on various topics related to commerce and management. The journal is published monthly and peer-reviewed. It aims to publish novel, empirical research on topics related to business, economics, and management.
GREEN FINANCE IS ESSENTIAL FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITYRajib Datta
This document is the October 2013 issue of the International Journal of Research in Commerce, Economics & Management. It contains 30 articles on various topics related to commerce, economics, management and other related fields. The articles are written by authors from India, Ethiopia, and other countries. The issue provides an index of the articles included, listing the title, authors, and page number for each piece. It also contains information about the journal, including its aims and scope, editorial board, and instructions for submitting manuscripts.
Dynamics and Dimensions Pertaining to the Purchase of Capital GoodsAnupam Kumar
This paper tries to explore the nuances of the purchase process of modular office equipments and tries to draw a distinction from all the other types of business to business sales/purchase processes. This is an exploratory study and the paper is based on the scientific observations been made by the author over his past 10 years of work experience with the modular office equipment industry in India. The detail gaps have been filled with the help of depth interviews with sales team members of modular office equipment manufacturers and architects from Delhi NCR. The paper explains that most businesses are largely dependent on their partner organizations, like the project management consultants, the architects and even to their vendors themselves, for adoption of a formal purchase process, citing the lack of knowledge and understanding as the basic reason for such a behavior. This paper tries to imply that all types of businesses, whether established or emerging, are adopting the use of partner organizations for their modular office equipment purchase decisions. It further likes to encourage researchers to explore a similar phenomenon in the human resource recruitment processes through campus placements or recruitment agencies. This paper tries to explain the increasing trend of outsourcing in the purchase processes by organizations to their partner organizations.
This document summarizes a study that evaluates the effectiveness of educational institutions in Tamil Nadu, India using frontier analysis. The study identifies input and output parameters for selected engineering institutions and determines the efficient frontiers or decision making units (DMUs). It then measures the relative efficiency of each institution compared to the efficient frontier. The analysis provides recommendations to address gaps identified and opens up avenues for future research on assessing educational quality and efficiency using quantitative techniques like frontier analysis.
In the context of Nepal, security market are not very efficient and investors have not any uniformity in their investment decision. This paper attempts to explore
various factors in explaining the behavior of investment decisions in Nepal and for prediction of the future prospects of Nepalese stock market in terms of
investors' expectation.
foreign banks in india emerging leader in banking sectorRAVICHANDIRANG
Indian banking system consists of long tradition and it has been evaluated from various period. Foreign Banks are not new phenomena in Indian bank in system, Standard Charted Bank started its operation in 1858 and Citi Bank opened its branch in India in 1902. Similarly Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporations are functioning in India since 1953. Foreign banks in India have brought the latest technology and new banking practices. This helped the domestic banks to improve their performance and provide better customer service. Operation of foreign banks in India is well planned and effectively managed by the talented personnel. This study encompasses in its scope an analysis of brief history of Indian banking system, foreign banks in India, distribution of branches and ATM of foreign banks, advances to priority sectors and financial indicators of foreign banks.
This document is the June 2011 issue of the International Journal of Research in Commerce, Economics & Management. It contains 25 articles on various topics related to commerce, economics, and management. The issue includes articles on international financial reporting standards, modern portfolio theory, the impact of stock markets on the Nigerian economy, performance appraisal systems, credit policies, credit risk management, informal small-scale enterprises, unemployment, microfinance, and the agricultural credit sector among other topics. The journal is a monthly, peer-reviewed, open-access publication that aims to publish high-quality research on recent developments in business, finance, marketing, and other management subjects.
Scholars World- International Refereed Multidisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research is a Quarterly research journal. It is an open access peer review journal. It publishes the articles comprising the Arts, Science & Commerce area.
The journal is very especially intended for professors, Scholars, Academicians, Professional & research scholars those who want to seek genuine authentic research material. It is an internationally approved journal.
This document is the contents page for the April 2012 issue of the International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences. It lists 26 articles contained in the issue, along with the authors and page numbers for each article. The articles cover a range of topics related to physical and social sciences such as corruption in Nigeria, banana production techniques in Malawi, village tourism in Zimbabwe, and more. The document also provides information about the journal's editorial board and technical advisors.
This document is the February 2013 issue of the International Journal of Research in Commerce & Management. It contains 30 research papers on topics related to business, commerce, and management. The issue includes papers on inventory management, corporate governance, accounting, finance, marketing, human resources, and more. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers monthly and is indexed in various international directories. It aims to disseminate research on recent developments and practices in commerce and management.
This document contains the contents page of the International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences. It lists 16 articles with their respective titles, authors, and page numbers. The articles cover a range of topics including factors influencing marital satisfaction, sustainability of rural water supply schemes, happiness quotient of secondary school students, job involvement among white collar employees, and the effects of joining the WTO on non-oil exports of Iran.
International Journal of Management, IT & Engineering (ISSN: 2249-0558)
International Journal of Marketing And Technology (ISSN: 2249-1058)
International Journal of Physical And Social Sciences (ISSN: 2249-5894)
International Journal of Research in Social Sciences (ISSN: 2249-2496)
www.ijmra.us
Greetings from IJMRA !
We invite scholars to submit research paper, articles, case study and book review for International Journal of Management, IT & Engineering (IJMIE), International Journal of Marketing And Technology (IJMT), International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences (IJPSS) and International Journal of Research in Social Sciences (IJRSS) which aims to promote the links between engineering and management. The journal focuses on issues related to the development and implementation of new methodologies and technologies, which improve the operational objectives of an organization. These include, among others, product development, human resources management, project management, logistics, production management, e-commerce, quality management, financial planning, risk management, decision support systems, General Management, Banking, Insurance, Economics, IT, Computer Science, Cyber Security and emerging trends in allied subjects. Thus, the journal provides a forum for researchers and practitioners for the publication of innovative scholarly research, which contributes to the adoption of a new holistic managerial approach that ensures a technologically, economically, socially and ecologically acceptable deployment of new technologies in business practice.
The author can submit the soft copy of manuscript anytime in M.S. Word format after preparing the same as per our submission guidelines, at the email address- editorijmie@gmail.com
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With regards,
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Article 9 A STUDY ON GREEN FINANCING PATTERN IN THE BANKING SECTOR ACASE STUD...Dr UMA K
Reference: Dr. Uma. K (2021) “A STUDY ON GREEN FINANCING PATTERN IN THE BANKING SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF ORGANIC FARMERS IN MANDYA DISTRICT”, International Journal of Advance and Innovative Research (Conference Special), (IJAIR), www.iaraedu.com, ISSN: 2394-7780, Impact factor 7.363, Volume 8, Issue 3 (II), Page No 19 – 26.
This document provides information about the International Journal of Information, Business and Management (IJIBM), including its publication details, indexing, and editorial board. It also contains the table of contents for Volume 7, Number 3 from August 2015. The document discusses distributed leadership and examines employee participation and awareness of distributed leadership in the banking sector through a questionnaire distributed to employees at three Greek banks. The main finding is that while people participate to some extent in decision-making, distributed leadership is not applied in the Greek banking industry.
Similar to BIG-BOX RETAIL STORE IN INDIA – A CASE STUDY APPROACH WITH WALMART (20)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
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Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
2. VOLUME NO. 2 (2012), ISSUE NO. 6 (JUNE) ISSN 2231-5756
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN COMMERCE, IT & MANAGEMENT
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
www.ijrcm.org.in
ii
CONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTS
Sr.
No. TITLE & NAME OF THE AUTHOR (S) Page No.
1. THE IMPACT OF PLANNING AND CONTROL ON SERVICE SMES SUCCESS
GAD VITNER & SIBYLLE HEILBRUNN
1
2. CHALLENGES FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE CITY OF BANGALORE, INDIA
SULAKSHA NAYAK & DR. HARISHA G. JOSHI
9
3. ROLE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN MANAGERIAL DECISION MAKING OF ORGANIZATIONS IN THE GLOBAL BUSINESS
WORLD
MD. ZAHIR UDDIN ARIF, MOHAMMAD MIZENUR RAHAMAN & MD. NASIR UDDIN
14
4. EFFECTS OF CALL CENTER CRM PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION
DR. ALIYU OLAYEMI ABDULLATEEF
19
5. DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE: EVIDENCE FROM TANZANIA’S LISTED NON FINANCIAL COMPANIES
BUNDALA, NTOGWA NG'HABI & DR. CLIFFORD G. MACHOGU
24
6. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTRINSIC REWARDS AND JOB SATISFACTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ORGANIZATION
TAUSIF M.
33
7. NUCLEAR ENERGY IN INDIA: A COMPULSION FOR THE FUTURE
DR. KAMLESH KUMAR DUBEY & SUBODH PANDE
42
8. CONTEXTUAL FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL IN THE INDIAN IT SECTOR: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
SUJOYA RAY MOULIK & DR. SITANATH MAZUMDAR
47
9. A STUDY OF CITIZEN CENTRIC SERVICE DELIVERY THROUGH e-GOVERNANCE: CASE STUDY OF e-MITRA IN JAIPUR DISTRICT
RAKESH SINGHAL & DR. JAGDISH PRASAD
53
10. TWO UNIT COLD STANDBY PRIORITY SYSTEM WITH FAULT DETECTION AND PROVISION OF REST
VIKAS SHARMA, J P SINGH JOOREL, RAKESH CHIB & ANKUSH BHARTI
61
11. MACRO ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING THE COMMODITY MARKET WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GOLD AND SILVER
DR. G. PANDURANGAN, R. MAGENDIRAN, L. S. SRIDHAR & R. RAJKOKILA
68
12. CRYTICAL ANALYSIS OF EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING METHODS FOR FORECASTING
UDAI BHAN TRIVEDI
71
13. COMPARATIVE STUDY ON RETAIL LIABILITIES, PRODUCTS & SERVICES OF DISTRICT CENTRAL CO-OPERATIVE BANK & AXIS BANK
ABHINAV JOG & ZOHRA ZABEEN SABUNWALA
75
14. SECURE KEY EXCHANGE WITH RANDOM CHALLENGE RESPONSES IN CLOUD
BINU V. P & DR. SREEKUMAR A
81
15. COMPUTATIONAL TRACKING AND MONITORING FOR EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT OF SOLAR BASED REFRIGERATION
V. SATHYA MOORTHY, P.A. BALAJI, K. VENKAT & G.GOPU
84
16. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF OIL AND PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
DR. ASHA SHARMA
90
17. ANOVA BETWEEN THE STATEMENT REGARDING THE MOBILE BANKING FACILITY AND TYPE OF MOBILE PHONE OWNED: A STUDY WITH
REFERENCE TO TENKASI AT VIRUDHUNAGAR DSITRICT
DR. S. VALLI DEVASENA
98
18. VIDEO REGISTRATION BY INTEGRATION OF IMAGE MOTIONS
V.FRANCIS DENSIL RAJ & S.SANJEEVE KUMAR
103
19. ANALYZING THE TRADITIONAL INDUCTION FORMAT AND RE – DESIGING INDUCTION PROCESS AT TATA CHEMICALS LTD, MITHAPUR
PARUL BHATI
112
20. THE JOURNEY OF E-FILING OF INCOME TAX RETURNS IN INDIA
MEENU GUPTA
118
21. ROLE OF FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY IN ERADICATION OF FINANCIAL EXCLUSION
DR. SARIKA SRIVASTAVA & ANUPAMA AMBUJAKSHAN
122
22. ATTRITION: THE BIGGEST PROBLEM IN INDIAN IT INDUSTRIES
VIDYA SUNIL KADAM
126
23. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
M. SREEDEVI
132
24. A STUDY OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT & EMPLOYEE CONNECTS’ TO GAIN SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN GLOBALIZED ERA
NEERU RAGHAV
136
25. BIG-BOX RETAIL STORE IN INDIA – A CASE STUDY APPROACH WITH WALMART
M. P. SUGANYA & DR. R. SHANTHI
142
26. IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE OF STATE BANK OF INDIA AND ITS ASSOCIATED BANKS IN
SRIGANGANAGAR AND HANUMANGARH DISTRICTS OF RAJASTHAN
MOHITA
146
27. USER PERCEPTION TOWARDS WEB, TELEVISION AND RADIO AS ADVERTISING MEDIA: COMPARATIVE STUDY
SINDU KOPPA & SHAKEEL AHAMED
149
28. STUDY OF GROWTH, INSTABILITY AND SUPPLY RESPONSE OF COMMERCIAL CROPS IN PUNJAB: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
SUMAN PARMAR
156
29. DEVELOPMENT AND EMPIRICAL VALIDATION OF A LINEAR STYLE PROGRAM ON ‘STRUCTURE OF THE CELL’ FOR IX GRADE STUDENTS
RAMANJEET KAUR
160
30. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL OF INDIAN BANKING SECTOR: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND FOREIGN BANKS
SAHILA CHAUDHRY
163
REQUEST FOR FEEDBACK 173
3. VOLUME NO. 2 (2012), ISSUE NO. 6 (JUNE) ISSN 2231-5756
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN COMMERCE, IT & MANAGEMENT
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
www.ijrcm.org.in
iii
CHIEF PATRONCHIEF PATRONCHIEF PATRONCHIEF PATRON
PROF. K. K. AGGARWAL
Chancellor, Lingaya’s University, Delhi
Founder Vice-Chancellor, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi
Ex. Pro Vice-Chancellor, Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar
PATRONPATRONPATRONPATRON
SH. RAM BHAJAN AGGARWAL
Ex. State Minister for Home & Tourism, Government of Haryana
Vice-President, Dadri Education Society, Charkhi Dadri
President, Chinar Syntex Ltd. (Textile Mills), Bhiwani
COCOCOCO----ORDINATORORDINATORORDINATORORDINATOR
AMITA
Faculty, Government M. S., Mohali
ADVISORSADVISORSADVISORSADVISORS
DR. PRIYA RANJAN TRIVEDI
Chancellor, The Global Open University, Nagaland
PROF. M. S. SENAM RAJU
Director A. C. D., School of Management Studies, I.G.N.O.U., New Delhi
PROF. M. N. SHARMA
Chairman, M.B.A., Haryana College of Technology & Management, Kaithal
PROF. S. L. MAHANDRU
Principal (Retd.), Maharaja Agrasen College, Jagadhri
EDITOREDITOREDITOREDITOR
PROF. R. K. SHARMA
Professor, Bharti Vidyapeeth University Institute of Management & Research, New Delhi
COCOCOCO----EDITOREDITOREDITOREDITOR
DR. BHAVET
Faculty, M. M. Institute of Management, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARDEDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARDEDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARDEDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
DR. RAJESH MODI
Faculty, Yanbu Industrial College, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
PROF. SANJIV MITTAL
University School of Management Studies, Guru Gobind Singh I. P. University, Delhi
PROF. ANIL K. SAINI
Chairperson (CRC), Guru Gobind Singh I. P. University, Delhi
DR. SAMBHAVNA
Faculty, I.I.T.M., Delhi
DR. MOHENDER KUMAR GUPTA
Associate Professor, P. J. L. N. Government College, Faridabad
4. VOLUME NO. 2 (2012), ISSUE NO. 6 (JUNE) ISSN 2231-5756
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN COMMERCE, IT & MANAGEMENT
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
www.ijrcm.org.in
iv
DR. SHIVAKUMAR DEENE
Asst. Professor, Dept. of Commerce, School of Business Studies, Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga
MOHITA
Faculty, Yamuna Institute of Engineering & Technology, Village Gadholi, P. O. Gadhola, Yamunanagar
ASSOCIATE EDITORSASSOCIATE EDITORSASSOCIATE EDITORSASSOCIATE EDITORS
PROF. NAWAB ALI KHAN
Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P.
PROF. ABHAY BANSAL
Head, Department of Information Technology, Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University, Noida
PROF. A. SURYANARAYANA
Department of Business Management, Osmania University, Hyderabad
DR. ASHOK KUMAR
Head, Department of Electronics, D. A. V. College (Lahore), Ambala City
DR. SAMBHAV GARG
Faculty, M. M. Institute of Management, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
PROF. V. SELVAM
SSL, VIT University, Vellore
DR. PARDEEP AHLAWAT
Reader, Institute of Management Studies & Research, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak
S. TABASSUM SULTANA
Associate Professor, Department of Business Management, Matrusri Institute of P.G. Studies, Hyderabad
SURJEET SINGH
Asst. Professor, Department of Computer Science, G. M. N. (P.G.) College, Ambala Cantt.
TECHNICAL ADVISORTECHNICAL ADVISORTECHNICAL ADVISORTECHNICAL ADVISOR
AMITA
Faculty, Government H. S., Mohali
MOHITA
Faculty, Yamuna Institute of Engineering & Technology, Village Gadholi, P. O. Gadhola, Yamunanagar
FINANCIAL ADVISORSFINANCIAL ADVISORSFINANCIAL ADVISORSFINANCIAL ADVISORS
DICKIN GOYAL
Advocate & Tax Adviser, Panchkula
NEENA
Investment Consultant, Chambaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh
LEGAL ADVISORSLEGAL ADVISORSLEGAL ADVISORSLEGAL ADVISORS
JITENDER S. CHAHAL
Advocate, Punjab & Haryana High Court, Chandigarh U.T.
CHANDER BHUSHAN SHARMA
Advocate & Consultant, District Courts, Yamunanagar at Jagadhri
SUPERINTENDENTSUPERINTENDENTSUPERINTENDENTSUPERINTENDENT
SURENDER KUMAR POONIA
5. VOLUME NO. 2 (2012), ISSUE NO. 6 (JUNE) ISSN 2231-5756
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN COMMERCE, IT & MANAGEMENT
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
www.ijrcm.org.in
v
CALL FOR MANUSCRIPTSCALL FOR MANUSCRIPTSCALL FOR MANUSCRIPTSCALL FOR MANUSCRIPTS
We invite unpublished novel, original, empirical and high quality research work pertaining to recent developments & practices in the area of
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BIG-BOX RETAIL STORE IN INDIA – A CASE STUDY APPROACH WITH WALMART
M. P. SUGANYA
PROJECT RESEARCH FELLOW
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
CHENNAI
DR. R. SHANTHI
ASST. PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
CHENNAI
ABSTRACT
The retail industry in India is one of the sunrise sectors in the economy. AT Kearney (2011) has ranked India fourth indicating that the country is one of the most
attractive markets for global retailers to enter. It has made India the cause of a good deal of excitement and the cynosure of many foreign eyes. A big-box store is
a physically large retail establishment, usually part of a chain. This is also referred to as supercenter, superstore, or megastore. Examples contain large
department stores such as Wal-Mart. The purpose of the paper is to study the impact and trends of big-box retail, and to explore strategies used to regulate big-
box retailers. This paper also discussed a case study of WalMart. The study is purely based literature reviews. Through the study of the overall research works,
concludes “WalMart is always bad for business, if there is no government stringent regulation”.
KEYWORDS
Big-box retailing, WalMart, retailing.
INTRODUCTION
he retail industry in India is of late often being hailed as one of the sunrise sectors in the economy. AT Kearney (2011) has ranked India fourth indicating
that the country is one of the most attractive markets for global retailers to enter. A big box store is a physically large retail establishment, usually part of
a chain. The term sometimes also refers, by extension, to the company that operates the store. This is also referred to as supercenter, superstore,
or megastore. Examples include large department stores such as Wal-Mart. A big-box retail chain’s success depends heavily on cost efficiency and that includes
the cost that consumers incur in reaching a big-box store from their house or workplace.
BIG BOX RETAIL STORE
Big box retail is generally defined as a store that is several times the size of a traditional outlet in its category. The list of qualities and characters of big box retail
stores have been identified by the Columbia university researchers. The characteristic of big box retail store includes:
• Usually occupy substantially more than 50,000 square feet, with typical ranges between 90,000 and 200,000 square feet;
• Derive their profits from high sales volume rather than price mark-up;
• Large, windowless, rectangular single-story buildings;
• Standardized facades;
• Reliance on auto-borne shoppers;
• Acres of parking;
• No-frills site development that eschews any community or pedestrian amenities;
• Seem to be everywhere and unique to no place, be it a rural town or urban neighborhood.
CATEGORIES OF BIG BOX RETAIL
There are numerous ways to categorize big box retail formats, with the following four of the most common:
• Discount department stores: Range in size from approximately 80,000 square feet to 150,000 square feet and offer a wide variety of merchandise
including, house wares, home furnishings, apparel, and beauty aids.
• Superstores: These are discount department stores that sell groceries in 25% to 33% of their store area. The largest of the big box stores, they can occupy
as much as 200,000 square feet and up.
• Warehouse clubs: Offer a variety of groceries and discount general merchandise in bulk at wholesale prices. There are a more limited number of product
items than offered at general discount stores or supermarkets, and annual membership dues are usually charged. Store sizes range from 100,000 to
170,000 square feet.
• Category killers: Offer a large selection of merchandise and low prices in a particular type of product category. Store sizes are typically smaller, ranging
from 20,000 to 80,000 square feet.
In light of all of the above, the following criteria are used to define big boxes for purposes of this study:
• Freestanding stores (i.e., not part of a mall) that average at least 100,000 sq. ft.;
• Stores that sell a relatively wide variety of merchandise, including products that fit into at least several of the industries within retail trade;
• Firms that do business nationally.
Analyzing the above criteria’s, a big-box retail chain’s success depends heavily on cost efficiency and that includes the cost that consumers incur in reaching a
big-box store from their house or workplace. The technical paper of Thomas J. Holmes, identified the average distance to a Wal-Mart store is approximately 6.9
miles (~11 Kilometers) for census block groups (US) with a population of 500,000 people in a 5 mile (~ 8 Kilometer) radius.
NEED OF THE STUDY
This study critically analysis the impact of big box retail outlets and its impact in the country. The study helps to policy maker to concentrate on the discussed
issue, to frame rules and regulation on Big box retail stores.
T
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OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The primary objective of the study focused on
1. To identify the impact of big box retail stores and its trends in India.
2. To suggest the strategies to regulate big box retail store.
IMPACT OF BIG BOX RETAIL STORES IN THE ECONOMY
Many studies that examine the impact of Wal-Mart and Other large retail chains and, in some cases, the benefits of locally owned businesses.
With respect to the impact of entry by big-box stores such as Wal-Mart on retail employment and earnings, evidence from the United States is mixed. Using
county-level data, a recent study finds that Wal-Mart entry increases retail employment in the year of entry while contrasting evidence indicates that each Wal-
Mart worker replaces approximately 1.4 retail workers representing a 2.7 percent reduction in average retail employment (Neumark, Zhang and Ciccarella,
2008). Yet other work on Wal-Mart expansion suggests that store openings reduced both average earnings of retail workers (Dube, William and Eidlin, 2007).
Recent evidence also suggests that having a chain store in a market makes roughly 50% of the discount stores unprofitable and that WalMart's expansion over
the 1990s explains about 40–50% of the net reduction in the number of small discount stores (Jia, 2008).
According to AT Kearney's 2011 edition of Global Retail Development Index (GRDI), Organized retail accounts for 7 percent of India’s roughly US$ 435 billion
retail market and is expected to reach 20 percent by 2020. Big-box retail, in the form of hypermarkets, has gained prominence a refocus from the burgeoning
supermarkets and small formats of several years ago. Food accounts for 70 percent of Indian retail, but it remains under-penetrated by organized retail.
Organized retail has a 31 percent share in clothing and apparel and continues to see growth in this sector. The home segment shows promise, growing 20 to 30
percent per year. India’s more urban consumer mindset means this sector is poised for growth.
The following are the important aspect of big box retail stores:
1. Economic impact of local businesses vs. Chains:
These study have found that locally owned stores generate much greater benefits for the local economy than national chains. Pankaj Ghemawat and Ken A.
Mark (2007) studied about the real WalMart effect, the finding of the study is Wal-Mart’s treatment of workers and host of other alleged knocks against society.
But its overall impact benefits the economy and lower- income consumers. The real conflict is not between the capital and labour. It is a battle involving
consumers and cost-efficient producers against traditional retailers, organized labour and community activists.
2. Retail employment:
This study examined whether the arrival of a superstore increases or decreases the number of retail jobs in the region. The upstream of a big-box store creates
very few jobs for the local economy (i.e., Made in China), and the downstream ripple effects are terrible because retail jobs are overwhelmingly part-time and
poverty-wage, with no health care. That means most retail workers have very small disposable incomes: after paying for bare necessities, they have little left
with which to stimulate the local economy. Building new retail space just moves sales and lousy jobs around. It doesn't grow the economy. At present 40 million
people are employed in Indian retail sector but with the entry of big retail giants we will witness heavy cuts on employment level. The government proposes to
open FDI in multi-brand retail in cities with population of more than a million people. But even if that hap-pens 4 lakh people will lose their jobs.
3. Wages & benefits:
The study has found that big-box retailers, particularly wal-mart, are depressing wages and benefits for retail employees. Retailing is infamous for its low wages,
part-time hours, and lack of health insurance and pension benefits. The only exception are those grocery chains that are unionized, but big-box behemoth
Walmart, by entering the grocery business with its Supercenters and aggressively fighting union organizing efforts, is now the top seller of food and a major
source of downward pressure on grocery wages. The same pattern is true even in retail segments where there are no unions (Stacy Mitchell). As studies by the
Austin, Texas-based consulting firm have found, national retail (including restaurant) chains in general pay lower wages and benefits than do locally owned
businesses. By that measure and others, it has found that the chains generate fewer ripple effects in local economies: they procure less, bank less, contribute
less, and participate less.
4. Existing businesses:
The arrival of a big-box retailer displaces sales at existing businesses, which must then downsize or close. This result in job losses and declining tax revenue,
which some of these studies quantify.
Kenneth E. Stone et al (2001) study examines several Iowa communities where big box building supply stores, such as Menards and Home Depot, have opened in
the last decade. Sales of hardware and building supplies in the host community and surrounding counties are tracked over several years to test what the authors
call the "zero-sum-game theory," namely that the retail sales gains generated by big box stores are offset by sales losses at existing, often locally owned, retail
stores. The results confirm the theory, finding that sales of hardware and building supplies grow in the host communities, but at the expense of sales in smaller
towns nearby. Moreover, after a few years, many of the host communities experienced a reversal of fortune: sales of hardware and building supplies declined
sharply, often dropping below their initial levels, as bigger box stores opened in the surrounding region and saturated the market.
5. Consumers & prices:
The survey found that, by "an eye-popping margin," independent drugstores outranked all other pharmacies-- --including drugstore chains, supermarkets, mass
merchandisers (e.g., wal-mart), and internet companies---in terms of providing personal attention, offering health services such as in-store screenings, filling
prescriptions quickly, supplying hard-to-find drugs, and obtaining out-of-stock medications within 24 hours. Prices at independent pharmacies were lower than
at chain pharmacies, but higher than at mass merchandisers and internet companies. (Time to switch drugstores? - consumer reports, october 2003)
6. Traffic:
This study indicates that the manual significantly underestimates the traffic generated by large supercenters (stores that combine general merchandise and a full
grocery department) and that traffic analyses based on it are unreliable indicators of the actual traffic impact of a supercenter development.
As big-box stores multiplied in the 1990s, the road miles logged by the average household for shopping increased by more than 40 percent—a total of 95 billion
additional miles a year for the country as a whole. (U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Household Travel Survey). A 2005 study of 3,200 households in King
County (greater Seattle),Washington, found that, compared to residents of low density subdivisions that lack neighborhood stores, people who live in traditional
neighborhoods with a variety of small scale retail services, schools, parks, and other uses nearby:
• log 26 percent fewer vehicle miles per day;
• generate lower emissions of pollutants such as nitrous oxide, volatile organic compounds, and carbon dioxide, a leading cause of global warming;
7. Charitable contributions:
Companies with fewer than 100 employees gave an average of $789 per employee, compared to $334 per employee at firms with more than 500 employees .A
study of businesses in the mid-coast region of Maine. Funded by the Minneapolis-based Institute for Local Self-Reliance, found that for every $1 million in sales,
big-box stores gave approximately $1,000 to local charities. Conversely, locally owned businesses gave more than $4,000 per $1 million in sales—a fourfold
increase. For communities strapped by the current slump, charitable giving is an important component of the local economy.
8. Other Issues
a. Poverty rates: Some studies found that WalMart store in certain Counties have fared worse in terms of family poverty rates.
b. City costs: some studies compare the municipal tax benefits of big-box development with the cost of providing these stores with city services, such as road
maintenance, police and fire—finding that cities do not always come out ahead.
c. State costs: some studies proved that the big box retailers such as wal mart, the employees in the country no earning enough money to meet their own
expenses. The states of the countries are reported that high costs associated with providing healthcare (Medicaid) and other public assistance to big-box
employees.
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d. Subsidies: The expansion of big-box retailers has been financed in part by massive development subsidies and tax advantages provided by local and state
governments.
THE TRENDS OF BIG BOX RETAIL STORES
The trend of big box retailing has expanded to a global level, increasing sales figures and store numbers has fuelled this movement. It revolves around WalMart
developing a solid strategy for success. Though expanded sales, employment, and percentage share of the grocery market, WalMart has focused on practices
and information sharing in addition to supply chain innovation. They followed alternative formats in capturing significant share of markets, shopping at
traditional supermarkets less frequently than in the past has provided opportunities for alternative outlets, where leaders are increasingly extending their reach
with new store formats and offerings, including community involvement and innovative promotions. Retailers are also moving towards becoming more
sophisticated marketers by fulfilling needs of consumers; strategies revolve around catering to top shoppers through loyalty, signature items, and brand
recognition. The retailers are organizing around the need state, this focuses on programs designed to meet consumer lifestyles and needs based on time, family,
money, and personal obligations. The retailers are also focused on optimizing the box, including efficiency and allocation through space, packaging, and
handling. As a major contributor in consumer decision-making, pricing strategies apply price optimization and management to effectively strengthen a given
product's price image. These trends are rounded off by the evolution of developed market and opening up of FDI through new laws allows greater market
access. The trends in global retailing explain directional changes of retail on the world market and provide insight to future focuses of retail marketing.
BIG BOX RETAILING IN INDIA
India has its own ‘Big Box Retailers. Currently all major business groups in India have a retail presence – Tata, Aditya Birla, Reliance, RPG, Future. Besides
cooperative organizations have been active for quite a while – Sahakari Bhandar, Chintamani etc. While these have made some impact on the retail
environment, they are nowhere near the scales operating in other countries.
Delhi-based Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations looks at the effect organized retailing has on the unorganized retail sector. It shows
that, on average, when an organized retailer opens, the kirana stores nearby generally lose about 23% of their sales in the first year, but are back at their original
sales figures within five years. About 1.7% close down every year, but, even in the medium to long run, traditional retailers will still control 85% of the market
The factors that are in play influencing role in development of Retailing in India are:
1. Product diversity: Consumer market in India, despite its overall size is rather limited in width. The number of Stock Keeping Units available for stocking is
simply not sufficient to fill a 15000 sq ft space with adequate diversity. Imported products can help to widen, but despite FMCG imports being permitted now for
many years, nationally this has not yet taken off. Food habits of the population at large are also quite conservative. While people may be ready for
experimentation, habits are difficult to form. And it will be habits that drive product demand at retail level.
2. High Real Estate Costs: Relative to income levels rentals in urban India are very high. Compounding this is the fact that sheer availability of large, well
connected spaces in residential areas is poor. Further, many landlords take an advance or deposit to let out space owned by them. All these cumulatively push
up the overheads and constrain a big box retailer to operate within the city. Many Shopping Malls especially those that started up early followed the Real Estate
model rather than a Facilities model. This has had an impact in maintenance of the common areas and facilities – lifts, escalators, and toilets, parking to name a
few. If footfall in the malls is compromised as a result, it will impact those retailers who would have set up shop especially if it is set up on rental (rather than
profit / turnover share) basis.
3. Last Mile Logistics: As of now this probably is the most important constraint impacting growth of big box retail in India. In Western countries reportedly bulk
of the savings in logistics is realised in controlling the last mile i.e. supply from warehouse to the point of sale. In India this cost element is high. For instance
traffic restrictions and difficulties result in practically little savings. If suppliers are required to effect deliveries to individual retail outlets, it becomes difficult to
realise the benefit of scale. In such cases there may be no difference in logistics cost between servicing a provision shops and a Big Box Player. This dimension is
also compounded by fiscal issues. Fiscally India is not one country, although this may change with GST implementation. ICRIER study suggests that those who
sell directly to organized retailers get 60% more than they would receive from selling in the “mandi,” the traditional Indian market system dominated by
middlemen.
4. Local Competition: For most groceries in India, operation is not exactly on business principles such as healthy return on investment and opportunity costs.
They are run more as a source of livelihood or occupation. The ability of these players to compete by accepting low margins will also affect scale-ups by the big
box players. Besides the ‘connect’ these players have with their Shoppers say through provision of credit is also difficult to match by the big box players. The
benefit to consumers is rather obvious: an efficient supply chain and the economies of scale reaped by big-box retailers will lead to lower prices for produce and
other basic goods that urban middle class consumers currently purchase from local stores. Lower prices, in turn, mean more disposable income in the pockets of
these consumers to spend on other things, to save, to invest in the education of their kids, or whatever else.
5. Technology / Processes: For a given system it can be contended that Technology or related processes have not been a constraint for existing players. An
existing retail player can implement scanning, for instance. In other words relevance or applicability can be the question – availability is not. However this
dimension has another side to it. Infusing technology and processes in this business has been happening at very high level of manpower costs. For instance a
Provision Stores does not need a CEO, CFO or a Marketing Manager. The high costs incurred by the organised players need to be recovered from the margins
generated.
The Big Players are unable to effect significant reductions in price only the other benefits remain – such as shopping experience and convenience.
It will be certainly possible for a global player to enter and register presence in many markets. But implementation of their traditional business model on a large
scale so as to displace the local dynamics may take a while. They deploy an alternative business model it may help. But whether such an alternative model will
replace the Provision Stores rapidly remains to be seen.
It must be remembered that the livelihood threat that is often referred to has been existing. India has had its share of Supermarkets for many years, though not
as sophisticated as those abroad. The international players will have deeper pockets and the ability to offset losses from India with profits from elsewhere. Still
they too will be ultimately accountable to their shareholders – their ability to sustain developmental losses in India may not be infinite, as a result.the key
business drives are as follows as
• Maintain margins despite tight economy; optimize supply chain
• Avoid stock outs on in demand goods, improve responsiveness to trends/opportunities
• Compete aggressively with volume, category and convenience competitors
• Cost effectively educates consumers (mobile, digital displays, wands....)
• Satisfy demanding consumers and integrate their buying experience across channels
• Deal with regulation and compliance
• Optimize costs including IT
• Seek profitable expansion opportunities
• Manage online reputation risk
SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
The Trends Affecting Retail Businesses are mobile marketing and social media, the Flat panel displays are at an all time low cost, demise of some larger chains,
economy driven changes in consumer buying power and behavior; slow recovery, reinvigoration of credit card purchasing, Stop'n'Shop are experimenting with
shopping wands.
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The government has to monitor the foreign investors regarding the transparency of the business. The regulators should frame strict rules and regulation on big-
box retailers. They should consider the following points as well before policy making, they are as follows as
1. The big box store should create value to consumers by way of prices.
2. The local retail firm owners should create their own retail business model to win the developing economy.
3. The prices of big box retailers and local shop owners should be comparable in this they can avoid cut-throat competition.
4. The stage of modern approach stores are not identical ,shifting of choice of retail outlets and preference of consumer may going forward, it take time to
see drastic changes in which as mentioned earlier local owners should create their own model to attract consumers. All big boxes are not identical, as
Austin study said.
5. The small shop retailers should create customer value to enhance the local economy.
6. There should be a healthy competition between small and big box retailers in which they country can maintain economic stability and protection towards
the local business owners.
7. The local fiscal impact of retail is a function of maintaining a retail base to meet local demand.
8. The City should promote design standards that reflect community values; but those standards should not be so onerous or prescriptive that neither
national nor local retailers can justify doing business in India.
9. Big boxes put downward pressure on wages.
10. Lower wages tend to create social costs that are not fully accounted for in the price of the goods that consumers purchase.
11. Local retailers may have stronger linkages, per dollar of revenue, to the local economy than the big boxes
12. The healthiest consumer market is the market that maximizes consumer choice on a sustainable basis, i.e., a market that is competitive.
13. New Urbanism offers the possibility of mitigating some of the concerns associated with the big boxes, as well as potentially creating an opportunity to
leverage destination consumers for local businesses which entails pedestrian-friendly scale, mixing a variety of land uses, connectivity with adjacent
neighborhoods, facilitation of transportation choice, and a range of retail formats.(Austin Report)
REFERENCES
1. AT Kearney's 2011 edition of Global Retail Development Index
2. Big Box Retail and Austin, june 2004.
3. Big box tool kit, A project of the Institute for Local Self-Reliance
4. “FDI in Retail”,http://friendsofbjp.org/content/fdi-retail-indian-context,
5. Kenneth E. Stone et al (2001),”The Impact of 'Big-Box' Building Materials Stores on Host Towns and Surrounding Counties in a Midwestern State”.
6. Pankaj ghemawat and ken A. Mark,”the real wal-mart effect” presidents and fellows of Harvard college, 2007 Harvards business school
7. Stacy Mitchell (2007), Big-Box Swindle: The True Costs of Mega-Retailers and the Fight for America's Independent Businesses.
8. The wall street journal: Economics Journal: Who’s Afraid of Wal-Mart?, 5th
December, 2011.
9. Time to switch drugstores? - consumer reports, october 2003
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12. VOLUME NO. 2 (2012), ISSUE NO. 6 (JUNE) ISSN 2231-5756
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN COMMERCE, IT & MANAGEMENT
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
www.ijrcm.org.in
IV