This document summarizes a research paper on achieving sustainable development through value chain analysis. It discusses how value chain analysis can help identify sources of competitive advantage across a company's activities and linkages. These sources may include organizational learning, knowledge management, human resources, intellectual capital, supplier integration, and total quality management. Properly managing linkages within and across a company's value chain and those of its suppliers and customers can create synergies, share resources, and lead to mutual gains - thus contributing to the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Analyzing the current incorporation of social, environmental And economic mea...World-Academic Journal
We theorize about the incorporation of social, environmental and economic dimensions into strategic performance measurement systems. 81Chinese companies were surveyed for the analysis. Along with the increasing of social responsibility pressure, numbers of enterprises are promoting environmental, social and economic performance as strategic sustainability measures. Although the addition of sustainability measures to enterprise’s long term business strategy has long time been a major preoccupation of literature. Some empirical researches have examined if these nonfinancial measures are effectively incorporated into strategic performance measurement systems. In this research, we will examine why the incorporation of sustainability measures into enterprise business strategy vary across enterprises operating in Shanghai.
Today although organizations are growing and registering growth, making huge
profits and customer is satisfied but Marketing philosophy has its own limitations.
Pollution has contaminated the atmosphere and has restricted our sustainable
development. It is observed that in last two decades there is a massive discharge of
harmful gases like sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and hydrocarbon
compounds into the atmosphere. Lead pollution has been linked with impaired brain
function in children-emissions from vehicles using leaded petrol are a major source.
The challenge facing mega cities is how to reduce the adverse environmental impacts
and other negative effects of intense pollution due to industries as well as use of
transportation by people. Because the dilemma becomes most pressing under
conditions of rapid urban. So, with the aim of bringing down the pollution and to
minimise its adverse effects, organizations have shifted from marketing orientation to
eco-marketing orientation. Studies indicate that during the 1960’s green
consumerism emerged and slowly and gradually greener business trends took place
world over. Marketing practices and business orientation have started shifting their
attention from consumer satisfaction and profitability to consumer satisfaction,
profitability & environmental protection. Greening may include developing innovative
green product concepts, green concept testing, product development and its
marketing, green packaging, paperless communication and green advertising
strategies. In this study an attempt is made to study corporate greening practices of
selected organisations and how it has helped consumers, organizations and society at
large.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Analyzing the current incorporation of social, environmental And economic mea...World-Academic Journal
We theorize about the incorporation of social, environmental and economic dimensions into strategic performance measurement systems. 81Chinese companies were surveyed for the analysis. Along with the increasing of social responsibility pressure, numbers of enterprises are promoting environmental, social and economic performance as strategic sustainability measures. Although the addition of sustainability measures to enterprise’s long term business strategy has long time been a major preoccupation of literature. Some empirical researches have examined if these nonfinancial measures are effectively incorporated into strategic performance measurement systems. In this research, we will examine why the incorporation of sustainability measures into enterprise business strategy vary across enterprises operating in Shanghai.
Today although organizations are growing and registering growth, making huge
profits and customer is satisfied but Marketing philosophy has its own limitations.
Pollution has contaminated the atmosphere and has restricted our sustainable
development. It is observed that in last two decades there is a massive discharge of
harmful gases like sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and hydrocarbon
compounds into the atmosphere. Lead pollution has been linked with impaired brain
function in children-emissions from vehicles using leaded petrol are a major source.
The challenge facing mega cities is how to reduce the adverse environmental impacts
and other negative effects of intense pollution due to industries as well as use of
transportation by people. Because the dilemma becomes most pressing under
conditions of rapid urban. So, with the aim of bringing down the pollution and to
minimise its adverse effects, organizations have shifted from marketing orientation to
eco-marketing orientation. Studies indicate that during the 1960’s green
consumerism emerged and slowly and gradually greener business trends took place
world over. Marketing practices and business orientation have started shifting their
attention from consumer satisfaction and profitability to consumer satisfaction,
profitability & environmental protection. Greening may include developing innovative
green product concepts, green concept testing, product development and its
marketing, green packaging, paperless communication and green advertising
strategies. In this study an attempt is made to study corporate greening practices of
selected organisations and how it has helped consumers, organizations and society at
large.
Green Marketing Mix As Strategy to Improve Competitive Advantage in Real Esta...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Creating shared value is a framework created for enhancing economic value for the organization while simultaneously meeting the needs of the society and its challenges. This paper aims in providing structural framework of shared values and also key measures taken by various organization. This articles emphasis on adoption of shared values and its impact on enhancing the environmental performance, Stakeholder’s health, nutrition, affordability in meeting the basic requirements of stake holders and also measures in improving societal wellbeing.
This study aimed to examine the moderating effect of Environment Uncertainty (EU) on the Relationship between Distinctive Capabilities (DC) and Performance of SMEs (PS).Interestingly, only a few empirical researches wereexploredon theeffect of business environment onthe Distinctive Capabilities and Performance
Business for Good: Balancing Purpose with Profit in a Post-Covid ScotlandMiles Weaver
Join Dr Miles Weaver and Dr Hock Tan, from Edinburgh Napier’s Business School on July 30th for Purpose-driven Organisations, will discuss that many businesses to emerge stronger in a post-covid Scotland will be purpose-driven. Using business as a force for good.
This webinar, hosted by Lorraine Thomson, who heads up Interface's Highlands and Islands team, examines the power of ‘purpose’ and the opportunities for SME’s in embracing the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to create Sustainable Value (for all relevant stakeholders). ‘Profit’ is an output, not a ‘purpose’. Business exists beyond making money and maximising shareholder value. There is a growing consensus that businesses that place “purpose beyond profit” can generate greater returns. What does this mean for SME’s and where are the opportunities? We will first seek to understand what is meant by creating sustainable value and the power of purpose. Followed by taking an overview of the SDG Action Manager to help you to identify opportunities for growth while making an impact across environmental, social and governance landscape.
Effect of Knowledge Management on Employee Retention in IT industry: Regressi...AkashSharma618775
Knowledge management (KM) is a tool that includes humans, processes and technology for managing
information and knowledge resources in an organization in order to keep in pace with the industrial
advancements. Knowledge management plays a key role in helping employees in performing their day to day
duties effectively. In addition to this it also has impact on certain lon term associations of employees with their
organization in terms of their survival and development there, which would have a major impact on Employee
Retention in the organizations. Thus studying the effect of Knowledge management on retention of employees in
organizations is very important in analyzing both the individual and organizational development, which would
have significant impact on the better development of the society.
An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing Corporate Sustainability on busin...AkashSharma618775
This study evaluates the effect of corporate sustainability on business performance of manufacturing
industries in USA, from 2012 to 2015. These Manufacturing industries are listed in Corporate Social
Responsibility Hub (CSRHub), Morning Star and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). All data used in this report
were extracted from 37 manufacturing companies’ Sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and
annual reports. These companies are of diverse sectors such as Automobile, Health care, consumer goods, food,
beverages and technology. Quantitative method of research is used in this study; this also includes the use of
explanatory and descriptive research design. The main issues to be discussed in this study are Donation, Incident
rate reduction and Water Recycled as the independent variables, while Revenue is the dependent variable. Data
analysis was carried out using the regression analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation. E-views software
generated the data for further analysis. The findings imply that donation has a positive insignificance effect on
revenue, reduced incident rate reduction had positive significance effect on revenue and water recycling has
negative insignificant effect on revenue. In the future researches, larger samples of companies form diverse sectors
and subsectors should be studied to broaden the research on company performance especially the non-financial
aspect.
Presentation on Stuart Hart's Sustainable Value Matrix as a tool and framework for understanding corporate sustainability (for our Principles of Sustainable Management class 2013)
Environmental Dynamism and Corporate Vitality of Fast Moving Consumer Goods C...YogeshIJTSRD
Firms need to cope with dynamically evolving environments. Global crises, competitive pressure, changing customer demands, or new technological developments frequently shake established markets. The firm’s ability to sense opportunities and threats, to make decisions on appropriate responses, and to reconfigure the firm’s resource and capability is critical to its vitality and survival. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between environmental dynamism and corporate vitality of Fast Moving Consumer Goods Companies FMCG in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross sectional survey research design. The population of this study was nine 9 fast moving consumer goods companies in Rivers State. Since the unit of analysis was at organizational level, only strategic managers were included. Five managers each were used for each company giving a total of 45 respondents. Primary data was collected using a 5 point Likert scaled questionnaire. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. The tests were carried out at a 95 confidence interval and a 0.05 level of significance. Results from analysis of data revealed that there is a strong positive environmental dynamism and corporate vitality of FMCGC in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study recommends that managers of Fast Moving Consumer Goods Companies should form and support work environments that inspire employees toward continuous learning and open search behaviours in order to exploit innovation opportunities. Gabriel, J. M. O | George, B M | Adim, C. V "Environmental Dynamism and Corporate Vitality of Fast Moving Consumer Goods Companies in Rivers State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39926.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/39926/environmental-dynamism-and-corporate-vitality-of-fast-moving-consumer-goods-companies-in-rivers-state-nigeria/gabriel-j-m-o
Sugarcane Company’s performance has remained to be one of the challenging facts in the growing companies in Kenya today. The delays in harvesting operations are attributed to uncoordinated and unpredictable harvesting and transport schedules; and inefficiencies in mill operations. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to determine the influence of Sustainability Management Systems CSR on firm performance of selected sugarcane companies in Kenya. The study is guided by Corporate Social Performance Theory. This study used ex- post facto research design. Ex- post facto research design determines and reports the way things are. The target population was 528 employees. This study therefore sampled 228 respondents. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 10 managers, 24 supervisors, 38 accountants and 156 clerks from the 7 sugarcane companies because they have specific information concerning the effects of corporate social responsibility practice on firm performance of selected sugarcane companies in Kenya. Pilot study was done in order to test for validity and reliability of the research tools. The pilot study was done in Trans-Mara Sugar Company found in rift Valley region of Kenya. For inferential statistics, correlation and multiple regression was used for comparative analysis between frequencies of corporate social responsibility practice on firm performance. The study findings indicated that sustainability management systems have an effect on firm performance. The government will use this study in establishing policies that would ensure improvement in firm performance of sugarcane processing firms among other firms in Kenya. The study recommends that the companies should encourage sustainability management systems since sustainable management systems is an important mechanism for improving corporate sustainability performance. It can generate business value through measurement and management of sustainability risks and opportunities. The study recommends further researchers to study on corporate social responsibility strategy and financial performance of firms in Kenya which the study didn’t cover.
This presentation introduce basics of "Creating share value" through business as described by Michael Porter and Mark Kramer in the well-known article in HBO with the same title.
Course Contents:
Module 1: Introduction: Business in a social system; business and economic system; Business
objectives; internal environment and external environment.
Module 2: Business Ethics: Principles of Business Ethics; Doctrine of trusteeship; unethical practices;
good ethics and good business. Social responsibility of business; Doctrine of social
responsibility: Rationale of social responsibility; control of monopoly and restrictive and
unfair trade practices.
Module 3: Business Environment: Business in a social system-internal environment or business
external environment- Economic-political-socio-cultural-technological environment – case
studies.
Module 4: Business Policy: Importance of business policy-essentials of business policy classification or
business policy-Production policy-personnel policy- Financial policy- Marketing Policy-case
studies.
An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing Corporate Sustainability on busin...AkashSharma618775
This study evaluates the effect of corporate sustainability on business performance of manufacturing
industries in USA, from 2012 to 2015. These Manufacturing industries are listed in Corporate Social
Responsibility Hub (CSRHub), Morning Star and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). All data used in this report
were extracted from 37 manufacturing companies’ Sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and
annual reports. These companies are of diverse sectors such as Automobile, Health care, consumer goods, food,
beverages and technology. Quantitative method of research is used in this study; this also includes the use of
explanatory and descriptive research design. The main issues to be discussed in this study are Donation, Incident
rate reduction and Water Recycled as the independent variables, while Revenue is the dependent variable. Data
analysis was carried out using the regression analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation. E-views software
generated the data for further analysis. The findings imply that donation has a positive insignificance effect on
revenue, reduced incident rate reduction had positive significance effect on revenue and water recycling has
negative insignificant effect on revenue. In the future researches, larger samples of companies form diverse sectors
and subsectors should be studied to broaden the research on company performance especially the non-financial
aspect.
6. Establishing priorities is an issue that local governments strugg.pdfezzi552
6. Below is the trial balance for Logan, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 201X Prepare a
multiple-step income statement in good form (proper format). (Check: Net income is greater than
$40,000. (6 points)
Solution
PARTICULARS Sub Amount Amount Sales $ 320,000.00 Sales Discount $ (6,000.00)
Sales Returns $ (16,500.00) Net Sales $ 297,500.00 Cost of Goods Sold $ 180,000.00
Gross Profit $ 117,500.00 Operating Expenses Selling Expenses $ 42,000.00 General
Expenses $ 19,800.00 $ 61,800.00 Non Operating Expenses Interest Cost $ 600.00
Net Profit $ 55,100.00.
Green Marketing Mix As Strategy to Improve Competitive Advantage in Real Esta...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Creating shared value is a framework created for enhancing economic value for the organization while simultaneously meeting the needs of the society and its challenges. This paper aims in providing structural framework of shared values and also key measures taken by various organization. This articles emphasis on adoption of shared values and its impact on enhancing the environmental performance, Stakeholder’s health, nutrition, affordability in meeting the basic requirements of stake holders and also measures in improving societal wellbeing.
This study aimed to examine the moderating effect of Environment Uncertainty (EU) on the Relationship between Distinctive Capabilities (DC) and Performance of SMEs (PS).Interestingly, only a few empirical researches wereexploredon theeffect of business environment onthe Distinctive Capabilities and Performance
Business for Good: Balancing Purpose with Profit in a Post-Covid ScotlandMiles Weaver
Join Dr Miles Weaver and Dr Hock Tan, from Edinburgh Napier’s Business School on July 30th for Purpose-driven Organisations, will discuss that many businesses to emerge stronger in a post-covid Scotland will be purpose-driven. Using business as a force for good.
This webinar, hosted by Lorraine Thomson, who heads up Interface's Highlands and Islands team, examines the power of ‘purpose’ and the opportunities for SME’s in embracing the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to create Sustainable Value (for all relevant stakeholders). ‘Profit’ is an output, not a ‘purpose’. Business exists beyond making money and maximising shareholder value. There is a growing consensus that businesses that place “purpose beyond profit” can generate greater returns. What does this mean for SME’s and where are the opportunities? We will first seek to understand what is meant by creating sustainable value and the power of purpose. Followed by taking an overview of the SDG Action Manager to help you to identify opportunities for growth while making an impact across environmental, social and governance landscape.
Effect of Knowledge Management on Employee Retention in IT industry: Regressi...AkashSharma618775
Knowledge management (KM) is a tool that includes humans, processes and technology for managing
information and knowledge resources in an organization in order to keep in pace with the industrial
advancements. Knowledge management plays a key role in helping employees in performing their day to day
duties effectively. In addition to this it also has impact on certain lon term associations of employees with their
organization in terms of their survival and development there, which would have a major impact on Employee
Retention in the organizations. Thus studying the effect of Knowledge management on retention of employees in
organizations is very important in analyzing both the individual and organizational development, which would
have significant impact on the better development of the society.
An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing Corporate Sustainability on busin...AkashSharma618775
This study evaluates the effect of corporate sustainability on business performance of manufacturing
industries in USA, from 2012 to 2015. These Manufacturing industries are listed in Corporate Social
Responsibility Hub (CSRHub), Morning Star and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). All data used in this report
were extracted from 37 manufacturing companies’ Sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and
annual reports. These companies are of diverse sectors such as Automobile, Health care, consumer goods, food,
beverages and technology. Quantitative method of research is used in this study; this also includes the use of
explanatory and descriptive research design. The main issues to be discussed in this study are Donation, Incident
rate reduction and Water Recycled as the independent variables, while Revenue is the dependent variable. Data
analysis was carried out using the regression analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation. E-views software
generated the data for further analysis. The findings imply that donation has a positive insignificance effect on
revenue, reduced incident rate reduction had positive significance effect on revenue and water recycling has
negative insignificant effect on revenue. In the future researches, larger samples of companies form diverse sectors
and subsectors should be studied to broaden the research on company performance especially the non-financial
aspect.
Presentation on Stuart Hart's Sustainable Value Matrix as a tool and framework for understanding corporate sustainability (for our Principles of Sustainable Management class 2013)
Environmental Dynamism and Corporate Vitality of Fast Moving Consumer Goods C...YogeshIJTSRD
Firms need to cope with dynamically evolving environments. Global crises, competitive pressure, changing customer demands, or new technological developments frequently shake established markets. The firm’s ability to sense opportunities and threats, to make decisions on appropriate responses, and to reconfigure the firm’s resource and capability is critical to its vitality and survival. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between environmental dynamism and corporate vitality of Fast Moving Consumer Goods Companies FMCG in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross sectional survey research design. The population of this study was nine 9 fast moving consumer goods companies in Rivers State. Since the unit of analysis was at organizational level, only strategic managers were included. Five managers each were used for each company giving a total of 45 respondents. Primary data was collected using a 5 point Likert scaled questionnaire. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. The tests were carried out at a 95 confidence interval and a 0.05 level of significance. Results from analysis of data revealed that there is a strong positive environmental dynamism and corporate vitality of FMCGC in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study recommends that managers of Fast Moving Consumer Goods Companies should form and support work environments that inspire employees toward continuous learning and open search behaviours in order to exploit innovation opportunities. Gabriel, J. M. O | George, B M | Adim, C. V "Environmental Dynamism and Corporate Vitality of Fast Moving Consumer Goods Companies in Rivers State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39926.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/39926/environmental-dynamism-and-corporate-vitality-of-fast-moving-consumer-goods-companies-in-rivers-state-nigeria/gabriel-j-m-o
Sugarcane Company’s performance has remained to be one of the challenging facts in the growing companies in Kenya today. The delays in harvesting operations are attributed to uncoordinated and unpredictable harvesting and transport schedules; and inefficiencies in mill operations. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to determine the influence of Sustainability Management Systems CSR on firm performance of selected sugarcane companies in Kenya. The study is guided by Corporate Social Performance Theory. This study used ex- post facto research design. Ex- post facto research design determines and reports the way things are. The target population was 528 employees. This study therefore sampled 228 respondents. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 10 managers, 24 supervisors, 38 accountants and 156 clerks from the 7 sugarcane companies because they have specific information concerning the effects of corporate social responsibility practice on firm performance of selected sugarcane companies in Kenya. Pilot study was done in order to test for validity and reliability of the research tools. The pilot study was done in Trans-Mara Sugar Company found in rift Valley region of Kenya. For inferential statistics, correlation and multiple regression was used for comparative analysis between frequencies of corporate social responsibility practice on firm performance. The study findings indicated that sustainability management systems have an effect on firm performance. The government will use this study in establishing policies that would ensure improvement in firm performance of sugarcane processing firms among other firms in Kenya. The study recommends that the companies should encourage sustainability management systems since sustainable management systems is an important mechanism for improving corporate sustainability performance. It can generate business value through measurement and management of sustainability risks and opportunities. The study recommends further researchers to study on corporate social responsibility strategy and financial performance of firms in Kenya which the study didn’t cover.
This presentation introduce basics of "Creating share value" through business as described by Michael Porter and Mark Kramer in the well-known article in HBO with the same title.
Course Contents:
Module 1: Introduction: Business in a social system; business and economic system; Business
objectives; internal environment and external environment.
Module 2: Business Ethics: Principles of Business Ethics; Doctrine of trusteeship; unethical practices;
good ethics and good business. Social responsibility of business; Doctrine of social
responsibility: Rationale of social responsibility; control of monopoly and restrictive and
unfair trade practices.
Module 3: Business Environment: Business in a social system-internal environment or business
external environment- Economic-political-socio-cultural-technological environment – case
studies.
Module 4: Business Policy: Importance of business policy-essentials of business policy classification or
business policy-Production policy-personnel policy- Financial policy- Marketing Policy-case
studies.
An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing Corporate Sustainability on busin...AkashSharma618775
This study evaluates the effect of corporate sustainability on business performance of manufacturing
industries in USA, from 2012 to 2015. These Manufacturing industries are listed in Corporate Social
Responsibility Hub (CSRHub), Morning Star and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). All data used in this report
were extracted from 37 manufacturing companies’ Sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and
annual reports. These companies are of diverse sectors such as Automobile, Health care, consumer goods, food,
beverages and technology. Quantitative method of research is used in this study; this also includes the use of
explanatory and descriptive research design. The main issues to be discussed in this study are Donation, Incident
rate reduction and Water Recycled as the independent variables, while Revenue is the dependent variable. Data
analysis was carried out using the regression analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation. E-views software
generated the data for further analysis. The findings imply that donation has a positive insignificance effect on
revenue, reduced incident rate reduction had positive significance effect on revenue and water recycling has
negative insignificant effect on revenue. In the future researches, larger samples of companies form diverse sectors
and subsectors should be studied to broaden the research on company performance especially the non-financial
aspect.
6. Establishing priorities is an issue that local governments strugg.pdfezzi552
6. Below is the trial balance for Logan, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 201X Prepare a
multiple-step income statement in good form (proper format). (Check: Net income is greater than
$40,000. (6 points)
Solution
PARTICULARS Sub Amount Amount Sales $ 320,000.00 Sales Discount $ (6,000.00)
Sales Returns $ (16,500.00) Net Sales $ 297,500.00 Cost of Goods Sold $ 180,000.00
Gross Profit $ 117,500.00 Operating Expenses Selling Expenses $ 42,000.00 General
Expenses $ 19,800.00 $ 61,800.00 Non Operating Expenses Interest Cost $ 600.00
Net Profit $ 55,100.00.
“Green Environment” relates to the concerns for environmental conservation and improved health of the environment. This includes supporting practices like informed consumption, conservation practices and investment in renewable energy.Why is green environment important?
Going green reduces air pollution and environmental toxins that could affect our body's immune system that fights infections, and that could expose us to diseases and fatal illnesses
Here is my published article from Performance Improvement that netted me the final credit for a Master's in Instructional and Performance Technology along with a speaking engagement in Ireland. The Six-P is a holistic framework developed by one of my professors at Boise State University, Dr. Anthony Marker and some of his graduate students.
Environmental Sustainability Accounting and the Performance of Oil and Gas Co...ijtsrd
This research paper seeks to establish Environmental sustainability Accounting and the performance of Oil and Gas Companies in Rivers State, Nigeria. To achieve the objective of the study, hypotheses were formulated, and a review of related literature was made. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis with the aid of E View, using a 5 level of significance. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that the disclosure of human resources disclosure and environmental sustainability disclosure significantly affect the financial performance of oil and gas companies in Rivers State. It was recommended among others that the government should put in place suitable legislation for all companies to make adequate disclosure of their activities to the Environment, and firms should formulate and implement environmentally friendly policies. Isaac Laime Odogu | Timinipre Joseph Okpobo "Environmental Sustainability Accounting and the Performance of Oil & Gas Companies in Rivers State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50644.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/50644/environmental-sustainability-accounting-and-the-performance-of-oil-and-gas-companies-in-rivers-state-nigeria/isaac-laime-odogu
Creating shared value is a framework created for enhancing economic value for the organization while simultaneously meeting the needs of the society and its challenges. This paper aims in providing structural framework of shared values and also key measures taken by various organization. This articles emphasis on adoption of shared values and its impact on enhancing the environmental performance, Stakeholder’s health, nutrition, affordability in meeting the basic requirements of stake holders and also measures in improving societal wellbeing.
The Challenges of Microfinance Institutions in Empowering Micro and Small Ent...Mercu Buana University
This study aims to examine the challenges of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in empowering micro and small entrepreneur to concern and care not only for the business growth but also the environmental sustainability in their surroundings. Indonesia as developing countries also faces the environmental degradation that contributes by micro and small entrepreneurs. Moreover MFIs have substantial relationships in term to preserve the environment because of the objectives are not only achieve the profit but also balancing with the social (people) and environment (planet) achievement and MFIs clients also micro and small entrepreneur who as the majority contributor of environment degradation in developing countries. The discussion of the paper is determined by three research questions (i) What’s the role of MFIs in preserving the environment? (ii) How the role of corporate governance in MFIs? (iii) How the implementation of corporate governance in MFIs in empowering micro to implementing green activity (Indonesia evidence)? In addition, to ensure the commitment of MFIs should exist corporate governance, which supervise the compliance with Act No.1 2013 related to the sustainability concern from MFIs because until now the impact of the act has not given the significant impact yet because of the importance is not only the existence of regulation but also the consciousness all stakeholders related to comply and implementing of green activity.
ISBN publication 5 A study on Green Marketing Strategies – A tool to achieve...Dr UMA K
DR UMA K “A study on Green Marketing Strategies – A tool to achieve sustainability”, in the Journal of “Emerging Perspectives on HR, Marketing & Finance”, in 1 day national seminar, Organized by Maharani’s women’s commerce and Management College, Paduvarahalli, Mysore. Published in ISBN: 978-93-5351-746-5, held on 16th March 2019, pp.159-164.
A Final Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of 1210327 Thai Aviation Business in Global Aviation Industry Course,
Mae Fah Luang University,
First Semester, 2014
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
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ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH VALUE CHAIN
1. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol.4, No. 2, June 2013
DOI: 10.5121/ijmvsc.2013.4204 39
ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
THROUGH VALUE CHAIN
Abid Sultan1
and Dr. Saurabh2
1
Research Scholar, College of Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Sub
post office: Katra, Jammu & Kashmir- 182320
E-mail: abidsultan2012@gmail.com
2
Asst. Professor, College of Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Sub post
office: Katra, Jammu & Kashmir- 182320
E-mail: saurabh.sri@smvdu.ac.in
Abstract:-
In the last three decades globalization accompanied with technological developments, changing customer
expectations - both in terms of demand and need, economic interdependencies of the nation’s, growing
environmental consciousness etc. had eventually forced business firms around the globe to be effective and
efficient in every activity they perform and had accordingly gave birth to the various business models.
Initially focus of the business models as well as strategies was somewhat restricted towards the
“Sustainable Competitive Advantage” but as the ambit was enlarged focus shifted towards the
“Sustainable Development”. The paper focuses towards the sustainable development through the lenses of
value chain in a holistic manner by identifying the various parts of value chain, its contribution in
identifying the dimension of sustainable competitive advantage, linkages involved in value chain and
generic strategies, thereby, conceptualizing the value chain model as a strategy for achieving the
sustainability competitive advantage and sustainable development.
Keywords:
Value Chain, Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Sustainable Development.
1. INTRODUCTION:
“Increasingly, government, civil society and special interest groups are holding business
accountable for their negative environmental and social impacts, challenging the sustainability of
corporate strategies built on self-interest and an insular view of the world and organizational
impacts thereon.” Fearne & Martinez (2012)
The integrated impacts of ecology and social changes over business have forced the firms across
the globe to adopt strategies that yield sustainable development. Sustainable development is
posing so many questions to the firm’s all over the world and infact presents an interesting and
unique challenge to the firm’s across the globe. Traditionally, the firms were concerned about
internal efficiency and effectiveness of their activities only for ensuring profitability. Internal
economic sustainability was the main goal of the companies. But now with growing concerns
about the environment and changing business scenario firms are forced to think about their
2. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol.4, No. 2, June 2013
40
activities in line of environment. The firms are re-orienting themselves so as to produce with
efficiency and effectiveness but with less environmental impacts along their entire value chain for
sustainability. Placet et al. (2005) defined sustainability along three dimensions- environmental
stewardship, social responsibility and economic prosperity. Environmental stewardship focuses
towards natural environment like air, water, land, and ecosystems as well as effectively managing
the earth's natural resources. Social responsibility favors the equitable development of the
employees (in terms of quality of life) as well as of the society as a whole. Economic prosperity
aims at creating economic value and ensuring creation of economic opportunity for both the
enterprise and its stakeholders. The ‘Sustainable Development’ favors the strategic fit between
the internal economy of the companies and external socio-environmental impacts. It has become a
success mantra for the firms not only for the present but as well as for the future.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Brundtland Commission report of 1987 through its report “Our Common Future” published by
World Commission on Environment and Development, defines sustainable development as
“Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs”. Sustainable development is not a new phenomenon but is
the gradual evolution of the events that shaped the growing consciousness about the environment.
Also companies realization and recognition of the fact that sustainability of the companies lies not
only in the profitability of markets/businesses/products but also lies in the sustainability of the
people and planet, has added momentum to the literature of sustainable development (Tan &
Zailani, 2009).
Elkington (2006) argues that the three pressure waves guided the development of environmental
agenda in the business arena - Ist
wave started in 1960’s , 2nd
wave started in mid-1970’s and 3rd
wave started in 1999. The three waves molded the orientation of the society as well of the firms
towards the socio-environment consciousness. These waves also called the attention of the
various international bodies like United Nations (UN), World Trade Organization, United Nations
Climate Change Council etc. and their critical roles in balancing these socio-environment
impacts. Thus, twenty first century witnessed the radical shift in the growing concerns for the
environment and society protection from degradation and exploitation.
This new radical consciousness forced companies to measure their impacts on the environment
and society. It engaged firms in triple bottom line approach (3BL) for reporting their natural
resource usage like energy and other resources as well as reporting footprint they leave behind for
the future generation (Kleindorfer et al., 2005). The new paradigm led to revisiting of the
strategies and investing time and resources towards redesigning, developing and implementing
strategies that favor environmental initiatives along the value chain as well as development of
society & people. Now environmental consciousness & society development is no longer an
optional strategy but a well thought and planned strategy that aims at sustainable development.
Sustainable development is gaining momentum with each passing day but still companies are
falling and struggling to achieve it.
Sustainable development is not the challenge for the companies but how to achieve it is the
biggest challenge for the companies i.e. what strategies to pursue for sustainable development
(Kleindorfer et al., 2005). There have been efforts from all the sections of the society for
developing frameworks, strategies or policies for achieving sustainable development. Strategies
like business process reengineering, total quality management, just in time, green supply chain,
3. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol.4, No. 2, June 2013
41
environment management systems etc. have been developed for achieving sustainable
development either directly or indirectly .
However, in the process of developing & implementing strategies for sustainable development
companies have to adopt broad and holistic approach so that the formulated strategy should cover
all three P’s of sustainable development i.e. People (Society), Profit (Economy) & Planet
(Environment) (Beamonn 1999; Kleindorfer et al., 2005 and Tan & Zailani, 2009). The strategy
for sustainable development should be inclusive and should bring in efficiency, effectiveness and
linkages in both internal & external processes of the company. Also should built and improve
competitive advantage & competitive position in the long run. Porter (1985) provided for the food
of thought to the researchers and practioners with the concept of Value Chain and Competitive
Advantage.
Porter provided a systematic way of examining economic activities a firm as well as interaction
of such activities for developing sustainable competitive advantage. Value activities of the firm
are building blocks by which firms deliver products to the customer, earn profit/margins as well
develope advantages over rivals. From strategic management point of view, the value chain
disaggregates a firm into its strategically & technologically relevant, distinct and important
activities. These value activities do not operate in isolation but in a cohesive manner as an
interdependent system which is related to each other through linkages. Value activities and
linkages together lead to the competitive advantage. The linkages among the value activities in
the value chain lead to the competitive advantage in two ways – (1) Optimization – a firm must
optimize such linkages reflecting its strategy in order to achieve competitive advantage. (2) Co-
ordination – reduces cost or enhances differentiation (Porter, 1985).VCA is a tool for examining
the current state of the chain and identifying an improved future state (Fearne & Martinez, 2012).
The improved future can be achieved through strategic planning to maintain the scope and
distinctiveness of the value chain as well as of the sustainable development.
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
The paper focuses on conceptual and theoretical approach towards the value chain, sustainable
competitive advantage and sustainable development. The paper discusses the various dimensions
contributing to the sustainable competitive advantage along the value chain. The paper provides
the conceptual insights which needs to be further validated through empirical research
4. DISCUSSION
The triple bottom line approach of sustainable development strategy is making its place in every
decision of the firm. The social responsibility, economical responsibility and ecological
responsibility are taking the center stage in the strategic planning activity of an organization. In
this scenario the biggest question that arises is how to manage the triple bottom line approach and
thus accommodating the three pillars of sustainable development – what strategies needs to be
implemented? The Value Chain Analysis provides an opportunity of learning and contributing in
this regard. Value Chain primarily focuses towards the value creation, value activities and
linkages. They integrate together to develop sustainable competitive advantage. The value chain
linkage identification and managing helps in bringing the synergies along the value chain through
coordination, trust building and relationship. Value chain approaches in a holistic and
synchronizing manner for fulfilling the various responsibilities of the companies. The synergies
developed along the value chain identify the value addition activities and thus eradicates other
4. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol.4, No. 2, June 2013
42
non-valuable activities. This reduces the excess resource usage and thus helps the organization to
build the competitive advantage with available sources whether tangible or intangible.
Competitive advantage can be built along the various dimensions like total quality management,
knowledge management intellectual capital, organizational learning, product innovation etc. All
these help the organization in bringing efficiency and effectiveness in the organization and thus,
fulfill the economical responsibilities. The value chain as a strategy for sustainable development
needs to be viewed through the perspective of strategic planning. One of the primary reasons for
this can be that sustainable development is not a game play of short duration but a well thought
provoking and planned game, which involves resources as well as time & commitment.
As a framework of strategic planning value chain helps a firm to identify and build the
competitive advantage by analyzing the various value activities and linkages along the entire
value chain. Hergert & Morris (1989) suggested that the three characteristics of value chain as an
effective strategic planning tool are: (1) emphasis on identifying the source of sustainable
competitive advantage (2) insistence on the importance of complex linkages and
interrelationships (3) the identification of generic strategies which must be pursued consciously
and coherently in the different value creating activities.
4.1 Sources for Sustainable Competitive Advantage
The Resource Based View of strategic management views firm’s resources as “source” of a
potential competitive advantage. Barney (1991) identified four resource attributes that can be
understood as empirical indicators for any resource to be a sustainable competitive advantage -
resource must be valuable, imperfectly imitable, rare & imperfectly substitutable. For the
sustainable competitive advantage the tangible criterion is not a necessary requisite. Coyne
(1986), suggested that for sustainable competitive advantage resources must have capability
differentials and identified four types of capability differentials (1) Regulatory (2) Position (3)
Functional (4) Cultural. Hall (1993) argued that intangible resources have capability differentials
and which result in sustainable competitive advantage and superior firm performance. This
provides for a framework to link intangible resources and capabilities to sustainable competitive
advantage. This has given new directions towards intangible resources like employee know-how,
product reputation, company reputation, ability to innovate etc. Thus, it can be understood that
both tangible and intangible resources can be the source of sustainable competitive advantage.
However during last three decades, practitioners, academicians and researchers are in the process
of identification of the dimensions that contribute to the sustainable competitive advantage. Some
of these sources that have been considered as source of sustainable competitive advantage are
mentioned below:
4.1.1 Organization Learning:
Organizational learning, and rapid product development, is the 'best' source of sustainable
competitive advantage (Prahalad & Hamel, 1990). Apple Incorporation is the most suitable
example. Firm’s ability to learn from its people & networks of business relationships is an
important source of sustainable competitive advantage. Learning thus evolves as a network of
relationships which involves constellation of resource linkages among business partners tied
together by interconnected resources (Eng, 2005). The challenge is how the organizations evolve
the organization learning across the value chain.
5. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol.4, No. 2, June 2013
43
4.1.2 Knowledge based view of firm:
Creating and utilizing knowledge are important sources of sustainable competitive advantage as
knowledge sharing, integration & transfer helps in innovating new product/services or bring
efficiency and effectiveness in the existing ones. (Prahalad & Hamel, 1990; Corso et al., 2001 and
Nonaka et al., 2000)
4.1.3 Human Resource:
There has been a growing consensus among the academicians’ researchers and practitioners
towards the importance of human resource in an organisation. It is another source of sustainable
competitive advantage (Wright et al., 1994). Sanz-Valle et al. (1999) provided empirical evidence
towards the relationship between human resource practices and strategy.
4.1.4 Intellectual Capital:
Hayton (2005) defined the intellectual capital (IC) along the three dimensions – human capital,
intellectual property and reputational capital. Major part of an organization’s knowledge is
embodied in its IC (Edvinsson & Malone, 1997). Intellectual contributes to the sustainable
competitive by encouraging innovation, improving decision making and creativity
4.1.5 Supplier Integration:
An organization is a network of different entities – supplier, channel partners and buyers. All of
these entities are important for the sustainability of the firm. A good and prosperous relationship
with all of them is very much essential particularly with suppliers Supplier relations are being
recognized as important source for sustainable competitive advantage (Mudambi & Susan, 1998).
The dimensions like commitment and trust plays an important role in building and maintaining
the supplier relations. Long-term relationships with suppliers often produce higher-quality or
lower-cost inputs (Cusumano & Takeishi, 1991).
4.1.6 Total Quality Management (TQM):
Savolainen (2000) also holds that a commitment to TQM can trigger an inimitable competitive
advantage as it is difficult to imitate because of resource needed. Available literature on TQM
highlights the four dimensions – customer focus, continuous improvements, employee fulfillment
and organization as a total system. According to the Rose & Ito (1996), TQM helps in the
deployment of distinctive competencies at the heart of the organization like managerial
competencies, employee know-how, external co-operation skills, creation of a collective mind,
organizational commitment, reputation, speed & flexibility etc.
The concepts discussed above give a reflection that sources for sustainable competitive advantage
can be tangible as well as non-tangible. Value chain helps in identifying these sources as value
chain analysis involves identifying value creating activities. The value creating activities are the
building blocks for sustainable competitive advantage. Sources for the competitive advantage
contribute to the sustainability of the firm if they are shared across the value chain with suitable
linkages.
4.2 Value Chain and Linkages:-
Present complex business scenario accompanied with growing customer needs and expectations
is making it difficult for the organizations to hold and maintain all the resources needed by the
organization. Linkages provide a mechanism for resource sharing among the various players
along the value chain. Linkages are very much important for mounting sustainable competitive
6. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol.4, No. 2, June 2013
44
advantage. Due to its intricate nature linkage identification and its management is a tough task.
According to Porter (1985), linkages exist not only within the firm’s value chain but between a
firm’s value chain and value chain of supplier’s and channels – vertical integration. The proper
management of all the linkages involved in the value chain be it value chain of supplier, value
chain of channel partner etc. contributes towards harmonization of the value creating activities
which creates less pressure on resources, creates economic opportunities as well bring valuable
products in the society (market) and thus increases living standard of people & quality of life.
Linkages involve sharing of resources so that a value is created along the value chain through
synergy, mutual understanding, commitment and trust. The synergy along the value chain is
achieved because the relationship is not based on zero-sum game, where one entity gains at the
expense of another but it’s based on the commitment, trust and understanding focused towards
the mutual gain of each other. The linkages are quite helpful in building the capabilities like
organizational learning, knowledge creation etc. which can be converted into the sources of
competitive advantage. Uzzi (1996) argues that embedded ties between the firms create an
environment of trust and understanding which allow for the exchange of fine-grained information
and joint problem solving. The benefits of the linkages in a value chain are numerous and it has
been argued and empirically shown that the sources of competitive advantage may be found in
idiosyncratic linkages and also innovative performance and supernormal profits (Dyer & Singh,
1998; Gulati et al., 2000 and McEvily & Zaheer, 1999). For an effective exploitation of the
linkages firm needs strategies.
4.3 Value Chain and Generic Strategies:
Porter (1985) propounded three generic strategies - cost leadership, differentiation and focus
strategy for sustaining and fighting the competition and competitors. The generic strategies
cannot work in isolation. For their effective implementation they need resources and linkages.
Resources provide the necessary inputs required while the linkage provides the necessary support
for the generic strategies. The three generic strategies of Porter help in building competitive
advantage but in different manner. The cost leadership and differentiation aims at a broader
segment while as the focus strategy aims at the narrow segment. These strategies have been well
acknowledged in the field of management as well as in strategic management both empirically
and theoretically (Galbraith & Schendel, 1983).
It is still a debatable issue that a firm’s sustainability is dependent upon its competitive advantage.
However it is confirmed that a firm operates in an industry as long as it has competitive
advantage. Having a competitive advantage is not a static phenomenon. Rather it’s a dynamic
process so firm needs to constantly look for the strategies that help in identifying sources of
competitive advantage. Value chain helps not only in finding the sources of competitive
advantage but also helps in understanding linkage and the generic strategies for creating
sustainable competitive advantage. It also helps in bringing efficiency & effectiveness along the
value chain so that internal economic stability and external socio-environmental responsibilities
can be strategically fit together through strategic planning.
5. Research Limitation and Implication:
The paper provides a perspective in the field of sustainability – sustainable competitive advantage
and sustainable development. The paper discusses the various dimensions contributing to the
sustainable competitive advantage along the value chain.
7. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol.4, No. 2, June 2013
45
6. Conclusion:
Epistemologically value chain perspective can be traced back to the strategic planning. It has
been the driver to the sustainability with a continuous aggregation and disaggregation for the up-
gradation and innovation in the firms. It has provided for the synergetic strength to sustainability
of the firm sourcing out for the competitive advantage. The sustainability is driven by the
balanced integration of environmental stewardship, social responsibility and economic prosperity.
In the dynamic complexities of the business the firms need to command a management
competency, which is largely dependent on employee know-how, external co-operation skills
creation of a collective mind, organizational commitment, stimulation of the organizational
learning process, organizational reputation, speed and flexibility in the design of new products or
services. The value chain thus provides for a descriptive construct and thus a heuristic framework
for the generation of data across the linkages.
However one cannot ignore that the term Value Chain includes both heuristic and analytical
competencies. The values chain thus identifies the network and the causal effect relationship once
the relationships are well structured. The Value chain plays a key role in the identification of
sources and the scope of system competencies which in turn thus helps in the identification of the
inflow and outflow of goods and services. Value chain provides for the alignment of the
identified sources, linkages and the chosen generic strategy with the environmental stewardship,
social responsibility and economic prosperity ensuring the sustainable development.
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