Ijciet 10 02_093

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 10, Issue 02, February 2019, pp. 951-965, Article ID: IJCIET_10_02_093
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=02
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
FORMATION OF AN INTEGRATED
INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE OBJECTS OF
MINING AREAS THROUGH THE EXAMPLE OF
THE URAL REGION
A. A. Murasheva
Department of Real Estate Economics, Land Management Faculty, FSBEI of HE “State
University of Land Use Planning”, Moscow, 105064, Russia
P. P. Lepekhin
Department of Cartography, Urban Cadastre Faculty, FSBEI of HE “State University of Land
Use Planning”, Moscow, 105064, Russia
V. E. Konovalov
Department: of Geodesy and Cadastres, Mining and Technology Faculty, FSBEI of HE “Ural
State Mining University”, Yekaterinburg, 620144, Russia
A. V. Dontsov
Department of Land Management, Land Management Faculty, FSBEI of HE “State
University of Land Use Planning”, Moscow, 105064, Russia
V. V. Vershinin
Department of Soil Science, Ecology and Environmental Management, Real Estate Cadastre
Faculty, FSBEI of HE “State University of Land Use Planning”, Moscow, 105064, Russia
ABSTRACT
The research paper deals with the method of forming an information system for
mining areas management on the basis of conducting comprehensive monitoring and
maintaining a cadastre of mining areas (MAs). Ensuring security and safe living
conditions of the population when using such areas, especially in the interests of
future generations, is a priority as-pect of their sustainable development. Extraction
of minerals is accompanied by active transformation and destruction of the earth’s
surface, which leads to the formation of specific mining landscapes that have a
significant impact on the sus-tainable development of such areas. The objective of this
study is to provide information management of the sustainable development of
landscapes of mining areas based on the formation of an integrated information
system for monitoring these areas and the development of cadastral works of the
objects of mining complexes (MCs). The method proposed by the authors for the

Murasheva, A. A., Lepekhin, P. P., Konovalov, V. E., Dontsov, A. V and Vershinin, V. V
formation of an information database of MCs’ objects justifies the need to work on the
classification of the objects of mining complexes, the formation of MCs real estate
objects, the organization of comprehensive monitor-ing to obtain relevant and
reliable information about MCs’ real estate objects and their cadastral registration
Keywords: Information Support, Mining Landscapes, Real Estate Objects,
Sustainable Development, Cadastre, Monitoring
Cite this Article: Murasheva, A. A., Lepekhin, P. P., Konovalov, V. E., Dontsov, A.
V and Vershinin, V. V, Formation of an integrated information system of the objects
of mining areas through the example of the Ural region, International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 10(2), 2019, pp. 951-965.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=02
1. INTRODUCTION
The mineral resource base of any country is the basis of its economy, the strategic basis of the
national economic activity. However, mining operations are accompanied by active
transformation of the lithosphere, pollution of water bodies and watercourses in these areas,
disruption of natural landscapes and the formation of new technogenic landforms, i.e. the
formation of specific industrial landscapes - mining landscapes (MLs). Consequently, natural
and anthropogenic landscapes interact and develop together in the mining area (MA),
forming a complex natural technogenic system. In this case, rational use and protection of the
lands of mining areas is possible only through an integrated approach [1, 2], which allows to
identify features of the joint functioning of natural and technogenic systems, determine the
indicator of acceptable anthropogenic environmental impact, assess the economic capacity of
local and regional ecosystems, the excess of which leads to destruction of the natural biotic
mechanism of environmental regulation and its profound qualitative changes [3].
Thus, today one of the main tasks is advancing from the ecological crisis of mining and
adjacent territories in the context of their continuous territorial development [4-6], which
should be based on up-to-date information necessary for the development of timely
management decisions to ensure their sustainable development. In this connection, it is
obvious that there is a need to develop a methodology for obtaining comprehensive
information about their condition in identifying negative factors affecting the land based on
the development of integrated monitoring of mining landscapes (MLs) and the cadastre of
mining complexes (MCs).
The conducted research related to either narrowly specialized issues of geomechanics and
geodynamics, or addressed these issues from a purely technological standpoint, and the
studies were descriptive in nature and related to objects of technogenesis on the surface,
although significant results were achieved in the geochemistry of landscapes located on the
mining areas; besides that, an attempt was made to systematize them and make suggestions
about the possibility of self-restoration of mining areas. These studies cover mainly the areas
exposed to mining, but it is not possible to carry out a comprehensive assessment of these
areas due to the lack of comprehensive information allowing reliable assessing the condition
of the landscape taking into account zonal and regional features.
For the formation of an information database on the lands of mining areas based on the
use of modern information and communication technologies, integrated monitoring of lands,
cadastre in the areas of mining regions, an analysis of the existing information systems was
carried out, including the monitoring of mining landscapes (MLs) and the cadastre of objects
of mining complexes (MCs) through the example of the Ural region.

Formation of an integrated information system of the objects of mining areas through the example
of the Ural region
The development of a methodology for obtaining comprehensive information on the
condition of lands of mining areas, which are negatively affected by mining facilities,
requires the collection and processing of a large array of diverse information [7-13]. We have
analyzed the known methods of collecting and processing different information used in
conducting monitoring of natural objects and phenomena, as well as methods of processing
the information obtained using modern geographic information systems (GIS) [5, 14-16] for
selected objects of research on the territory of the Ural region.
The Ural region is one of the largest mining regions of the Russian Federation. Its
territory is 275,557.7 thousand hectares or 16.1% of the territory of the Russian Federation
[18]. The region is famous for its huge reserves of various minerals, which predetermines its
peculiarity, as well as problems that are increasing due to the development of mining,
transportation and processing of minerals that have a negative impact on the environment.
The collection and processing of comprehensive information about mining areas for the
development of management decisions that ensure the sustainable development of these areas
determine the objective of this study.
The subject of the research is the formation of information on the condition and use of
land in mining areas based on the use of modern methods of obtaining data in the integrated
monitoring of these areas and processing the information obtained using modern GIS
technologies to ensure the sustainable development of MAs subject to the negative impact of
mining.
1.1. The area of research
The territory under consideration is the Ural region, located at the junction of Europe and
Asia, and captures, in addition to the highland, the Urals, the East European and West
Siberian plains [19]. The analysis of the mineral resource base of the Ural region allows us to
draw the following conclusions: at present, the Urals have significant reserves of minerals,
many of which are prognostic and will eventually add to the list of mineral deposits ready for
development; in addition, each subject of the Ural region has a fairly diverse common
commercial minerals, which determines the possibility of developing small mineral deposits,
as well as a fairly large distributed fund of the subsurface resources that predetermine the
development of large mineral deposits.
Hence, it follows that the problem of forming an information base on the condition and
use of land occupied by objects of the mining and processing industries in the region is quite
burning and the formation of reliable and timely information is urgent. Studies were
conducted based on materials of opencasting and underground mining in the Ural mining
region.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, the authors used publicly available materials on the mining areas (MAs) of the
Ural region, as well as data from state information systems and funds that allow analyzing the
monitoring of the MAs and creating the inventory base of the cadastre of mining complexes
(MCs) in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation. This allows
creating a database for updating and obtaining objective, complete and reliable information
using modern means and methods of monitoring the MAs, and also using the accumulated
data in the future to build stochastic models of forecasting the possible occurrence of
emergency situations in the studied areas taking into account their features. The available
information is scattered and not always accessible, and besides that, this information requires
additional actions related to its conversion, while there is no certainty that reliable results will

be obtained due to the incompatibility of the source data processed. Therefore, there is a
problem of obtaining up-to-date information on the condition and use of lands and natural
resources utilized by mining facilities to make timely management decisions. All this requires
the improvement and development of methodological approaches to the formation of the up-
to-date real-time information base on the territory of the MC.
To solve this problem, the authors analyzed the information contained in the documents
of the monitoring of the stability of the pit walls, carried out from 1970 to 1990 at such MC
facilities as: No. 1 Gaisky Ore Mining and Processing Enterprise, Public Joint Stock
Company; Sibay Open Pit Mine (Bashkirian Copper and Sulfur Plant); Open Pit of the
Uchaly Ore Mining and Processing Enterprise; Mednorudnyansky Quarry (Nizhny Tagil);
Open Pits of Uralasbest Industrial Complex, Public Joint Stock Company 20, 21. In
addition, we studied the materials of observation of the deformations of the slopes of the
dumps at: Uralasbest Industrial Complex, Public Joint Stock Company; Orenburgasbest
Industrial Complex and slag disposal of Sredneuralsky Copper Smelter 22. The carried out
studies were examined in greater details using the example of the Bazhenovskoye Chrysotile-
Asbestos Deposit [14, 23] and Novo-Kalinsky North Ural Bauxite Mine [24], also in the
territory of impact of the old underground mining of the 19th
century (1800’s) of the former
Turinski Copper Mines in the town of Krasnoturyinsk 14 of the Ural region.
For the formation of the information base, studies of the mining landscapes (MLs) were
previously performed and the necessary elements for monitoring the MLs were identified,
such as the design, composition and content of monitoring points, the concentration of the
monitoring points on the monitored territory. As a result, the choice of measuring instruments
was made; a methodology has been developed to carry out surveys, observations and
measurements at monitoring points; the frequency of observations and the accuracy of
observations (the error of measurement results) were determined, as well as the method of
processing the results of instrumental data and the prediction of the expected values of the
determined indicators [4, 14, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26].
The research was based on the basic provisions of monitoring, which were described in
the work of R. E. Munn: Global Environmental Monitoring System, published in Toronto in
1973 [9], as well as in the works of one of the major domestic researchers in the field of
monitoring development, Yu. A. Israel [7]. When conducting research in the field of the
existing developments, it was noted that national systems of land monitoring in different
countries have significant differences, which are due to the peculiarities of their natural
geographical position and the pace of socio-economic development. It has been established
that in most developed countries, such as Austria, Hungary, Germany, the Netherlands,
Norway land monitoring has been carried out for more than 30 years and is reduced mainly to
soil monitoring and differs in goals and objectives, work performance technology, a set of
indicators, details, etc. depending on national interests. The results of land monitoring, along
with other data, are further integrated into GIS and are mostly open for free use [28]. In
addition, such indicators as soil contamination with pesticides or fertilizers, the degree of
erosion processes, soil loss of organic matter as a result of various degradation processes
occurring in them, as well as changes in land use patterns are observed most often in the
course of land monitoring.
In some countries, methodological approaches have been developed and full-fledged
networks are functioning, and in some countries only individual observations are made, i.e. it
can be said that in most countries a uniform methodology has not yet been created, there are
no agreed programs and networks for monitoring, monitoring does not develop at a pace that

of the Ural region
would contribute to the creation of a comprehensive up-to-date information base, which is
confirmed by the analysis of foreign and national publications [10, 15, 22, 23, 28-30].
For example, in the studies of R. Robertson, as well as a number of Dutch scholars [31-
33], it was noted that the intensive development of mining areas in the context of
globalization necessarily leads to the formation of disturbed areas of the earth's surface, the
formation of the so-called mining landscapes (MLs). The authors proposed to divide MLs
into three groups for the study: static; dynamic; mixed.
The first group implies that the current state of the monitoring object or its element is
compared with the critical one. In this case, the forecast is the possibility (probability) of a
negative event.
The second group implies that the forecast is made on the basis of the available dynamic
series of measurements of the characteristics of the monitoring object condition. In this case,
the expected value of the studied characteristic is interpolated for a certain period of time
with a certain probability.
The third group implies that there is confirmation of the probability of a negative event
with its further development or attenuation in time.
The formation of an information base for predicting the state of mining landscapes can be
comprehensively carried out, in our opinion, on the basis of monitoring and cadastral work.
For this purpose, ML objects involved in the production process of mining and their primary
processing were proposed to be considered as technological objects of MCs requiring special
record, which is the cadastre of MC objects, formed as a subsystem of the cadastre. It has
been established that, unlike the existing state record systems, the formed sub-system has
certain features, which include:
 the subsurface plot - a mining allotment - should be included in the structure of the
cadastre of MC objects with information characterizing the mineral deposits and
enclosing rocks;
 it is necessary to take into account the time factor that characterizes the constant
change in the characteristics of individual objects of the MC;
 it is necessary to formulate and implement the principle of identifying real estate
objects among the objects of the MLs;
 the environmental impact of mining should be taken into account.
Basing on the above, it was suggested to determine the cadastre of MC objects as a
systematized collection of documented information on technological and other purposes,
natural, technical, economic, ecological and legal status, as well as spatial position of MC
objects, which represents mainly the following groups of objects and phenomena of the MC:
the subsoil, the earth’s surface, engineering infrastructure and related technological,
environmental and economic aspects.
Taking into account the instability of the state of the MLs during their formation and
functioning, including development in the post-production period, and also the fact that most
of the MLs are dangerous, technological control and supervision of their condition is
established which is aimed at preventing emergency situations and mitigating their effects on
the earth’s surface and within the mining allotment. All this leads to the need for integrated
monitoring of the state of mining landscapes (MLs), updating information for the timely
development of management decisions, that can be realized on the basis of comprehensive
monitoring of mining landscapes (MLs) [34-37].

The information subsystem of monitoring MLs can be divided into two groups based on
the following conditions:
 the first group is characterized by conditionally definite information about the
properties, composition and content of monitoring objects, which suggests the change
in the characteristics of monitoring objects from the influence of external and internal
factors and substantiate the method of monitoring and processing the results of
observations;
 the second group is characterized by indefinite information about the monitoring
object, which implies a forecast of the development of the process of changing the
characteristics of such an object in the future only on the basis of prepared and
conducted observations.
The first group, for example, may include monitoring of emissions of harmful substances
from the facilities of the MCs to the atmospheric air, since the following data are known: the
source of emission, the volume and estimated directions of transfer of the pollutants mass and
the area of soil contamination, i.e. dust and gas dynamic mechanism of the process of
changing environmental characteristics.
The second group may include monitoring of the ML objects at liquidated MC facilities,
especially those for which information was not preserved for one reason or another.
The current legislation provides that hazardous production facilities include the objects
where mining operations are conducted, mineral processing activities are carried out, for
which the mandatory requirement is the need to “create observation, warning, communication
and support systems in the event of an accident and keep these systems in a proper
condition”.
Such objects in the conduct of mining operations include excavations (pits, sections,
ditches, etc.) and embankments (dumps, waste heaps, etc.), underground mine workings,
areas occupied by industrial buildings and structures of industrial sites and dressing works,
including tailings dam and sludge dumps 38-40.
At present, it is also possible to refer newly created artificial land plots - specific objects
of anthropogenic landscapes - to such facilities, for the purpose of monitoring the condition
of which, according to Art. 10 of the Federal Law “On Artificial Land Plots ...”, it is
necessary to prepare a list of measures to prevent emergency situations of natural and
technogenic nature and prevent their negative impact on water bodies and eliminate such
consequences.
As for other ML objects, namely, landfill sites, i.e., mainly dumps, as well as liquid waste
storages: sludge ponds, sludge dumps, etc., similar requirements are imposed on owners of
wastes regarding monitoring of the condition of facilities.
An analysis of the existing state monitoring of the condition of natural and anthropogenic
objects shows that none of them can fully satisfy the conditions imposed on obtaining
complete and objective information about the ML objects, and also cannot meet the
requirements for creating a system of observations of the state of the ML objects. They do not
fully provide all the information on ML objects and are of a general nature. All this
determines the need for the development of a subsystem for comprehensive monitoring of the
state of the ML objects on the territory of the MC, which has a close relationship with the
existing monitoring.
To this end, it is proposed to create a subsystem of departmental integrated (local)
monitoring of the condition of the earth’s surface within the MC and the MA, taking into

of the Ural region
account the condition of the ML objects and subsurface areas affecting the condition of the
earth’s surface, and, ultimately, making decisions on managing ML objects.
The organization of the ML monitoring begins with the development of a project to
monitor the ML. When developing a project for the implementation of the ML monitoring,
the following information 27 is needed, which is substantially supplemented by the
following provisions for the research purposes:
 the way of developing the mineral deposit, which determines the composition of the
ML objects, the condition of which is being monitored;
 the characteristics of the ML objects, including the determination of the location of
the ML objects, approximate dimensions, the purpose of the ML object in the
production process, its identification as a source of pollutants in the environment, or
the area of accumulation of pollutants, or a potential area of possible manifestation of
technogenic accidents or emergency situations, or a source of physical effects (noise,
electromagnetic, etc.) on the environment;
 carry-over of pollutants characterizing the processes of atmospheric transport,
processes and migration in the aquatic environment (in the field of surface and
groundwater);
 processes of landscape geomechanical redistribution of energy, determining changes
in the stress state of the mountain massif, namely, the processes of rock deformations
in the form of displacement of rocks, rock pressure, rock bumps in the course of
underground mining of mineral deposits, violation of stability of pit walls and slopes
of dumps during open mining of mineral deposits, as well as dams for liquid waste
storages;
 processes of landscape geochemical redistribution of substances that form the
migration of substances, including pollutants, along the soil profile to the groundwater
level, migration of pollutants along the landscape geochemical junction taking into
account geochemical barriers and biochemical cycles;
 data on the state of anthropogenic emission sources (the volume and frequency of
substances intake) determining the power of the emission source and its location,
dust-and-gas and hydrodynamic conditions for the emissions’ enter to the
environment.
The objective of the monitoring being created is the synthesis, analysis, selection and
improvement of the available monitoring means, methods and techniques for developing a
unified integrated monitoring of the ML objects in order to obtain reliable comprehensive
information about their condition for their effective management.
Sections of monitoring of the MLs can be formed on the basis of the relation to the study
of the condition of its objects, namely:
 a section for the changes of the ML objects located on the earth’s surface, i.e.
disturbed land monitoring system;
 a section for the changes of GPL objects located in the subsurface, i.e. a system for
monitoring the condition of underground mines;
 a section for changes of the qualitative condition of lands, i.e. land pollution monitoring
system;
 a section for changes of the natural condition of the lands, i.e. land degradation
monitoring system.

In general, if a ML monitoring subsystem is accepted, which is characterized by
conditionally definite information about the monitoring object, the sequence of ML
monitoring consists of the following steps:
 Identification of the monitoring object and possible external and internal factors
affecting the changes in its characteristics;
 Formation (development) of theoretical provisions of changes in the characteristics of
the monitoring object under the influence of external and internal factors;
 Building a model of a specific monitoring object and its environment;
 Determining the probability (risk, danger) of the occurrence of a negative event in
time and space;
 Choice of methodology, methods and means of monitoring (measurements), including
the accuracy and frequency of observations (measurements), implementation of
monitoring;
 Processing of the results, confirmation of theoretical conclusions or their correction,
forecast of the process of changing the characteristics of the object;
 Making management decisions on the further condition of the monitoring object.
In case when we deal with indefinite information about the monitoring object, the
sequence of the ML monitoring is as follows 14:
 Identification (detection) of processes of negative changes in the characteristics of the
monitoring object;
 Choice (by analogy or on the basis of the possibility of obtaining the most complete
and accurate information about the monitoring object) of the methodology, methods
and means of monitoring;
 Processing the results of observations, interpretation of the process of changes in the
characteristics of the monitoring object, building forecasts for the development of the
process of changing the characteristics of the monitoring object;
 Making management decisions on the further condition of the monitoring object.
The block diagram of the ML monitoring is given in Figure 1.
An integral part of monitoring are methods and means of obtaining information on the
condition of objects. Considering the specific type of the object of study, there is no doubt
that not only generally accepted, but also special methods and means of monitoring which are
the most rational and effective in particular cases, can be applied.
On the basis of the conducted research, the following necessary elements of the
organization of ML monitoring were identified:
 Design, composition and content of monitoring points, concentration of monitoring
points on the observation territory;
 Choice of survey, observations and measurements tools;
 Methods of performing surveys, observations and measurements at monitoring points;
 Frequency of observations;
 Accuracy of observations (measurement error).

of the Ural region
Figure 1 ML object monitoring structure
- Frequency of observations;
- Accuracy of observations (measurement error)
The most important elements of the organization of ML monitoring - the frequency and
accuracy of observations - are chosen so that according to the results of observations that
have passed the appropriate mathematical processing it was possible to trace the dynamics of
development of the processes of changing the state of the ML objects and predict their
condition for the expected period or calculate the probability of the occurrence of negative
emergency event.
As a result of monitoring the objects of mining landscapes, information is accumulated
about the condition of the monitoring objects located within the ML. The data resulting from
MLs monitoring about their condition, changes in their properties and characteristics, forecast
of the condition of the MLs objects and data on the implementation of forecasts should be
formed in the record system, which is the cadastre of the MCs objects for their further
management.
The stages of the formation of MLs, as well as the impact of the components of natural
and technogenic environments, determine the need to use modern GIS technologies as an
integrated system to study the functioning and development of the MLs and to manage them.
The created subsystem for records and observations of changes in the condition of the mining
landscape objects, including the cadastre of the mining complex objects and the ML
monitoring is characterized as a complex, combining local level (MC at the mining area
(MA)) and impact level, i.e. recording the processes of changes in the ML objects, depending
on anthropogenic factors, often of an extraordinary nature, and having a timeframe and
frequency of observations from basic to retrospective [5; 9; 10; 27]. Such an information
subsystem must necessarily be accompanied by monitoring compliance with current

legislation, as well as the ability to display the information obtained using GIS technologies
[11].
3. FINDINGS
Thus, in the case of the operating MC, the objects of information support are mining and land
allotment, areas with special conditions for the use of territories, as well as the ML objects
located there. In this case, a complete, reliable, objective, up-to-date information about the
ML objects and MC objects plays a primary role in managing ML objects and, undoubtedly,
the corresponding complex information subsystem performs the same role - a systemic
collection of information about ML objects and MC objects, formed as a result of the ML
monitoring and cadastre of the MC objects), allowing to summarize, structure, process, save
and output up-to-date information in the requested form.
The creation and maintenance of such an integrated information subsystem - the
monitoring of the MLs and the cadastre of the MC objects - confirms the urgency of creating
a special structure at the mining enterprise - the Cadastral Service in the MC.
The peculiarities of the development of mineral deposits of various types of minerals
(solid, liquid, gaseous) by different methods (open-pit, underground, borehole, underwater,
etc.) and in various conditions (climatic, environmental, urban planning, etc.) allow forming
the basic principles of creating the MC’s Cadastral Service:
 the monitoring of MLs and the MC objects cadastre should be maintained according
to a uniform methodology within the framework of the current technological system
for developing mineral deposits, taking into account the specifics of their
development [15];
 the process of creating and maintaining monitoring of MLs and the cadastre of the
MC objects should be automated to account for large flows of heterogeneous
information and the formation of responses to various consumer inquiries;
 the monitoring of MLs and the cadastre of the MC objects should ensure full
interrelation with state authorities and local self-government bodies in order to ensure
the exercise of rights to use real estate on the territory of production and economic
activities of a mining enterprise;
 the cadastral service of the enterprise should be separate, i.e. the subsystem of the ML
monitoring and the cadastre of the MC objects should be centralized.
The put forward principles determine the appropriate conditions both for servicing
internal information flows from various departments and services of the MC, and when
interacting with external information flows from government bodies, local governments, legal
entities and individuals.
Ensuring the put forward principles of monitoring the MLs and the cadastre of the MC
objects is also possible through the formation of electronic document management. For
effective interaction in this case, two conditions must be met:
1. ensuring the convertibility of exchanged data formats;
2. availability of electronic digital signature of a legal entity.
The first is ensured through appropriate software, and second, in accordance with current
legislation, - through the preparation, transfer and servicing of an electronic digital signature
of a mining enterprise by a special certified organization.

of the Ural region
When receiving external information in electronic form, it is carried out by interacting
with the authorities in accordance with the approved administrative regulations for the
provision of public services and the exercise of public functions.
The formation of a data bank of the MC objects also provides for the formation of digital
information in the form of a package of planning cartographic materials heterogeneous in
terms of topics, scales and the principle of compiling. For effective use, these materials
should be spatially oriented and filled with the description of the objects depicted on them,
characterized by features relating to the mining area and which are different systems of
conventions of objects, processes and phenomena. These are topographic maps and plans,
elements of cadastral division, mining graphic documentation, objects of landscapes, land
management, grounds, as well as natural territorial complexes, as well as objects of town
planning, etc. Such information requires the mutual coordination of various systems, the
formation of specific libraries of symbol books and, most likely, coordination of the existing
electronic cartographic material created for the MC with the structure of the general data
bank. In this case, it is necessary to solve a number of the following issues:
1) ensure the convertibility of exchange data formats for cartographic material;
2) transform attribute information into electronic form and link it with spatial objects;
3) create a single library of symbol books, and also create a common structure for the
representation of spatial information in the MC services, i.e. automated information
system.
The solution of these issues involves the creation of an automated information system
(AIS) which is based on the automation of information processes for collecting, organizing,
processing, storing and outputting information. The system is created in the form of
functional subsystems. There are three such subsystems: the subsystem of collecting,
systematizing, processing and forming the primary model of the ML objects and cadastre, the
data bank, the subsystem of preparing information for output on the consumers’ request 12
(Fig. 2).
Figure 2 The functional structure of the integrated information system for monitoring the ML and the
cadastre of the MC objects
consideration of these features

4. DISCUSSION
Based on the studies performed, the need to form an integrated information system based on
obtaining ML monitoring data and the cadastre of the MA objects has been established.
Different zones of impact of mining operations on the environment, the diversity of types and
forms of the ML, the stages of their formation, as well as the impact of components of the
natural and technogenic environment predetermines the need to use modern GIS technologies
as integral systems to study the functioning and development of the ML in the development
of mining complexes (MCs) [1; 26].
Taking into account the peculiarities of the life cycle of the MC’s real estate objects when
developing mineral deposits, their temporary nature and possible changes in space, the
emergence and termination of the existence of real estate objects and the ML, as well as a
variety of rights and restrictions (encumbrances) of rights to them, prove the need to form an
integrated information system in which data are actualized through monitoring and cadastre
works. At the same time, when forming an information system it is necessary, in particular, to
take into account that in case of external interaction information must be prepared in the form
of duly executed documents approved by the relevant authority, as well as in internal
interaction there can also be a relevant system of duly executed documents, since mining
works are classified as hazardous objects. All this requires additional developments and
consideration of these features.
5. CONCLUSION
Thus, the creation and maintenance of an integrated information system based on the
monitoring of mining landscapes (MLs) and the cadastre of objects of the mining complex
(MC) allow receiving, at any point in time, updated, complete and objective information on
each ML object. A feature created by an integrated information system is its use after the
completion of field development, i.e., after the liquidation of mining complex.
For this system, the development of monitoring of mining landscapes are proposed for
this system, taking into account the rate of change in the properties of natural landscapes
during their formation, which in this case is much higher than it exists in nature, and also
taking into account the negative environmental impact of mining operations and primary
fossil processing on all components of the natural environment.
The cadastre of objects of the mining complex is considered and proposed, designed to
detect technological objects to be accounted and identified as real estate objects subject to
state cadastral registration, was proposed and proposed. It has been proposed to introduce a
subsoil plot into the cadastre of mining complex objects as immovable assets. In this regard,
the basic information about the objects of mining landscapes subject to accounting using
modern geo-information systems are identified, which allow comprehensive combining
spatially-oriented information of different content, including the location of the objects of
mining landscapes and their interaction, as well as condition, and depicting forecast of their
condition.
In addition, the proposed structure of an integrated information system of the MAs
objects, the content of monitoring of mining landscapes and maintaining the cadastre of the
MC objects to the greatest extent allows taking into account the peculiarities of maintaining
such a system in a mining enterprise, including receiving, processing, organizing, storing and
outputting updated reliable information about the objects of mining landscapes and mining
complex.

of the Ural region
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DOI: 10.1080/01431160903130895

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