Nancy Duarte analyzed famous speeches to identify common patterns. She found that speeches with a tight frequency between "what is" and "what could be", the current reality and a brighter future, were most effective at generating a physical reaction from audiences. Famous speakers like Steve Jobs, Martin Luther King Jr., and Jawaharlal Nehru followed this pattern of contrasting the present with an appealing vision. Duarte advises crafting ideas in a way that provides this contrast and engages the audience. Eastern storytelling also emphasizes sharing ideas indirectly through history and past experiences.