Presentation by Takafumi Kadono, Asian Development Bank and Tran Trung Tuyen, SB4HPMB Presented to the IHA 2013 World Congress, 23 May 2013 More information about this event: http://ihacongress.org

1. Tran Trung Tuyen (Song Bung 4 HPMB)
Takafumi Kadono (ADB)
Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project Case Study
Presented at the
IHA 2013 World Congress

2. .
CASE STUDY FROM SONG BUNG 4
HYDROPOWER PROJECT – VIET NAM
Kuching 23rd May, 2013
Tran Trung Tuyen Takafumi Kadono
Song Bung 4 HPMB Energy Specialist-ADB

3. A. INTRODUCTION
Project site
Vu Gia-Thu
Bon Basin
Mapping of Project Location

4. Project General Layout
Overview Layout
RCC Dam 114mReservoir
Tunnel 3.2km
Power
house

5. Project Key Features and Time Schedule
 InstalledCapacity:156MW
with two Francis turbines
78MW each. Annual
Output: 586.25 GWH
 Reservoir: Surface Area
15.8 km2; FSL 222.5m.
Gross Vol:510,8 MCM
 Dam: RCC (about 800.000
m3), 114m high, crest
length 345m, CVC
Diversion Culvert 5mx9m.
 Headrace Tunnel: 3.2km,
inner diameter: 7.2m
Construction Progress
 Commencement: June 2010
 River Closure: Jan 2012
 Impoundment: Aug 2014
 Unit 1 Completion: 10/2014
 Unit 2 Completion:12/2014
Resettlement
 4 Villages, 253 Household
and 1041 People Relocated.
 First Relocation: Oct 2012
 Completion of all Relocated
Sites: Quarter III 2013.

6. B. WORKING WITH AFFECTED PEOPLE
MAPPING OF 4 RESETTLEMENT SITES

7. When we did: since 2006 following FS
approved by GoV, ADB provided TA and
fielded Consultant for PPTA.
 Where we did: Project affected land,
Reservoir, upstream and downstream.
 What we did: Conducting full survey
and consultation with AP to identify
best approach and to develop AP -
included program.
 How we did: by applying bottom up
method and by working together
towards the same objectives through
a transparent information and full
participatory by APs
Project Preparation
Survey Team
Old Thon 2

8. Pre-Project Situation
• Mainly dominance by
Co Tu Ethnic Minority.
• Limited Access and
livelihood activities
• Low level of literacy
and lack of health care
and public facilities.
• High incidence of
poverty. Self demand
and supply with limit
use of cash.
Traditional Guol House of CoTu Ethnic
Typical House made of Bamboo and Leaf

9. • Identify loss of land
and asset for support
and compensation
• Ensure AP rights on
land resources
allocation.
• Prepare Livelihood
Restoration for APs
• Provide trainings and
guidance for APs
recapturing normal
life and familiarizing
with change of life.
Components in Preparation
Slash&burn rotation
Old School
Hunting
PIB in Cotu

10. Institutional Arrangement
ADB , NGO, POE
and Province
Authority
PMB including
Contractor and
Consultant
RMIU at District
Level
VRDG at
Villages Level
APs ,
Community
mobilizer and
facilitator
AP supported by local Community
Mobilizer and local Facilitator takes
core position in all relocation related
activities
VDRG as a direct bridge with AP to
participate actively in all stage of
implementation.
RMIU to review compliance on
policy of compensation and support;
provide support on administration.
PMB from listening to and
understanding about AP, develop a
comprehensive and AP-based
resettlement plan.
ADB, POE, NGO, independent
Consultant... overseeing compliance
and application.

11. Criterion Decree 197/2003 & Land
Law
ADB Policy
Consultation Not specified. APs fully informed & consulted;
participatory; public disclosure.
Compensation for non-
titled land and assets
Not compensated. Compensated at market value.
Compensation for
economic displacement
Not compensated. Compensated for loss of
livelihood activities, access.
Compensation value Based on residual cost. Based on replacement cost w/o
deduction of salvaged materials;
incl. taxes & fees.
Support for significant
impact
AP losing >30% of
agricultural land entitled
to assistance for 3-6
months .
AP losing > 10% productive
land/asset entitled to
restoration of income and
livelihood.
Consideration for
women & vulnerable.
No specific provision but
poor APs are to be
supported by PPC.
Assistance for improvement;
gender-responsive
Major Policy Differences

12. Working with APs
• Public Regular meetings
and Consultation for
explanation of project and
AP entitlement
• Encouraged and empower
APs active participation.
• Listened to AP expectation
and put into design, plan
and implementation.
• Defined necessary support
and livelihood restoration
suited to AP wish. AP voiced up opinion
Meeting with
AP in progress

13. Meeting with APs and Local Community
With local officer
Joined Team at field
Addressing AP concern
Downstream Survey

14. APs Participation
• Get AP involved into all process
• Joint conduct of DMS, Selection of
Resettlement Site, Sample of Layout
and House….
• Public Consultation with AP’s
participation.
• Making own house and community
facilities. Monitoring entire program.
• APs shaped their expected
perspectives in a new life.

15. Entitlement Matrix
Items at New RS For Areas
Housing Plot and
adjacent Garden
Household 400-600m2
Production Land HH 1.5 ha
Public Wet Rice Field Relocated
Sites
11 ha
Community Agro -
Forest Land for NTP
HH 8 - 10 ha
Construction of
housing size
HH 40 – 65 m2
Kitchen, bath room,
toilet…facilities
HH 22 m2
Public Facilities including access road, domestic
water & power supply, school, medial station,
cultural house, wet rice irrigation, administrative
zone as appropriate to all relocated sites.
Compensated and Support made at
replacement cost by cash on the basis of
Support Provided Training Provided
Create Job & change of
Career, Poverty Reduce
Agricultural
Development
Stabilizations of Live:
food, protein, health
care, fuel…
Develop Rearing:
domestic cattle&
poultry, fisheries
Agriculture Production:
Seedlings, fertilizer,
pesticide, caring..
Non-Farming
Activities: hair cut,
carpenter, knitting
Stock Rearing: Pig, cow,
chicken..
Health Care, HIV,
human trafficking,
Reforestation for
production and NTPs
Nutrient for
Children & Woman
Technical assistance,
method of production,
trading and commercial
Capacity building,
Literacy demolition,
Monitoring works
Others: Moving, grave,
worshiping, visiting
Driving, repairing
motorbike…

16. Finalization of REMDP
• Comprehensive document
covering various issues and
aspects with incorporation of
APs desires and concerns.
• Supported by Gender Action
Plan; Social Management Plan
• Updated and developed
regularly along the time
• JFPR as a plus focusing on
vocational training, providing
seedlings & livestock, capacity
building, health care , enhance
awareness to APs for new life
REMDP

17. Implementation in progress
• Conducting DMS and
Selection of Resettlement
Site with participation of
local APs especially women.
• Public Disclosure of Matrix
Design and Planning .
• Gathering feedback and
comment for revision. Woman participates in DMS at field
Inventory Asset on Land
Public Disclosure at Village

18. • Selection of resettlement
Site and Production land
• Site clearance and
Monitoring from APs
• Access to forest for hunting,
foods and NTP collection.
Implementation in progress
Woman participates
construction monitoring
Combined Team in the forest
New RS under
Clearance

19. Implementation in progress
Disclosure on compensation in
participation of men and women
AP gathers up for consultation
Seeking for Expected Resettled Sites
Reaching final agreement

20. • Compensation and
Support Payment.
• Advising APs to put
monies at Bank for saving.
• Both wife and husband’s
name appears in all papers
Implementation in progress
Woman opens
separate bank
account
Get compensated in spouses
Papers in the name of husband and wife

21. • Construction of Public
Facilities including
health care station,
school, power supply,
access road, domestic
water system…
Implementation in progress
School at new RS
School under construction
Health Center at new RS
Weekly meeting in RS including VRDG,
SB4, Contractor, ADB consultant

22. After Relocation
Individual house at new
RS
Community Hall for Public Activities
Overview to a village. • APs build their own
house and Guol house
under their choice &
traditional style.
• Land Use Certificate
under name of spouse.

23. A new life begins
A view at New Resettlement Site
Traditional Guol and Community Court
Typical
new
house
built by
AP
Collection of rattanVehicle accessible

24. Restoration After Relocation
Wet rice development Traditional
Knitting at
home
Fish Pond
House Gardening

25. Emerging of Challenges
• Conflict of interest within family.
• Abuse of Alcohol; Driving
motorbike; Using modern home
appliances and facilities.
• More vulnerable by social
impacts from contacting with
outer world.
• Long term financial management
• Maintaining traditional culture.
• Stable restoration of livelihood
activities.
PMB is continuing
with APs for
sustainable
development by
extending more
efforts on:
 Training AP towards
new life and career.
 Providing further
supports.
 Improving APs
awareness and
capacity.
 Sharing knowledge
and benefit…

26. Respecting and maintaining locally social and
cultural characteristic.
Well preparation with design factoring much
traditionally cultural settings and tailoring to
AP’s expectation.
Encouraging and Empowering APs to actively
participating throughout all stages.
Applying bottom up approach and making APs
core part of Project in a long run.
High consensus from AP towards project
objectives by Working with Affected People.
C. LESSON LEARNED

27. THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION
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28. Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project
Takafumi Kadono, ADB
Tran Trung Tuyen, SB4HPMB
23 May 2013
Resettlement
Livelihood Improvement (JFPR)
Civil Society Organization Collaboration
Basin Sustainability

29. ADB’s Hydropower Engagement
28

30. Song Bung 4 HPP Land Acquisition and
Resettlement Process
• Mobilizing and empowering APs from early stages;
continuous involvement.
• Meaningful consultation – not just ticking the box.
– Selection of resettlement site
– Design of resettlement site and own houses
– Discussion on livelihood restoration activities
– Bottom-up approach
• Community mobilization & additional livelihood
restoration support funded by Japan Fund for
Poverty Reduction (JFPR)
29

31. Song Bung 4 HPP Land Acquisition and
Resettlement Process
30
Old House Old House New House New Concrete House in
A Vuong HPP
Old Classroom New Classroom

32. Song Bung 4 HPP Land Acquisition and
Resettlement Process
• Gender-responsive.
– Women have been empowered to participate in consultation,
resettlement site selection and planning, DMS, compensation payment
– Half of VRDG members and extension workers are women
– Female village extension workers
– Livelihood restoration programs for women
– Farm and non-farm skills training for women (para-vet, plumbing, etc.)
– Improved maternal health care
– Separate bank accounts for men and women
• Application of ADB policies.
• ADB staff dedicated to LAR.
• Capacity building of PMB and local authorities.
31

33. JFPR 9120-VIE:Livelihood Improvement
of Vulnerable Ethnic
Minority Communities Affected by the
Song Bung 4
Hydropower Project in Quang Nam
Province
Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction

34. Objective and Activities
• Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction grant ($2 million) to
complement income restoration and for social preparation.
• Village Resettlement Development Group (2009)
– Consisting of representatives of affected persons (44% women).
– To develop awareness about entitlement, resettlement activities,
grievance redress mechanism, plan & implement resettlement,
design and implement livelihood programs.
– Meet every 2 weeks and monthly.
– Supported by JFPR Community Mobilizer.
• Village Extension Worker
– Community facilitator, village para-vet, agriculture, fishery, health.
– All both man and woman.
33

35. Objective and Activities
• Training and awareness program
– Health awareness, immunization, treatment of mosquito net, etc.
– Traffic safety
– HIV/AIDS and human trafficking
– Water management, irrigation, plumbing, forest protection
– Build awareness on use and maintenance of village infrastructure
• Livelihood Activities - Diversification
– Livestock (pig, chicken, duck, buffalo…)
– Agriculture (home garden, wet rice, improve traditional upland
farming…)
– Fishery, agro-forestry, industrial trees
– Non-farm income generating activities
34

36. Safeguard Policy Statement
(2009)

37. Safeguard Policy Statement (2009)
• Effective on 20 Jan 2010
• Consolidation of Previous Policies:
– Environment Policy (2002)
– Indigenous Peoples Policy (1998)
– Involuntary Resettlement Policy (1995)
• Ambiguities clarified
• Consistent with WB and IFC’s approaches
• Requirements tailored appropriately to different financing
modalities
• Strengthened monitoring and supervision
• Country Safeguard Systems (CSS)
• Emphasis on capacity development in DMCs
36

38. Safeguard Policy Statement (2009)
• Overarching Objectives:
– Avoid adverse impacts of projects on the
environment and affected people, where possible;
– Minimize, mitigate, and/or compensate for adverse
project impacts on the environment and affected
people when avoidance is not possible; and
– Help borrowers/clients to strengthen their safeguard
systems and develop the capacity to manage
environmental and social risks.
37

39. Major Difference: Environmental Safeguards
Previous SPS
o Includes explicit
requirements on (i)
environmental
assessment process
o No equivalent
requirements on (ii)-
(v), while
environmental
assessment reports
examine these issues
in practice but often in
an ad hoc manner
Includes explicit policy principles and
requirements on:
i. environmental assessment process
ii. biodiversity protection and natural
resources management
iii. pollution prevention and abatement
iv. occupational and community health
and safety
v. physical cultural resources

40. Major Difference: Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards
Previous SPS
o The 1995 Policy does
not clearly define
policy scope and
triggers
The IR safeguards cover physical
displacements (relocation, loss of residential
land, or loss of shelter) and economic
displacements (loss of land, assets, access
to assets, income sources and means of
livelihoods) as a result of (i) involuntary
acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary
restrictions on land use or on access to legally
designated parks and protected areas.

41. Major Difference: Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards
Previous SPS
o No equivalent
provision
If potential adverse economic, social, or
environmental impacts from project
activities other than land acquisition are
identified, they will be avoided, or at least
minimized, mitigated, or compensated for,
through the environmental assessment
process.
If these impacts are found to be significantly
adverse at any stage of the project, the
borrower/client will be required to develop and
implement a management plan to restore the
livelihood of affected persons to at least pre-
project levels or better.

42. Major Difference: Indigenous Peoples Safeguards
Previous SPS
o For projects involving
Indigenous Peoples,
initiatives should be
conceived, planned,
and implemented, to
the maximum extent
possible, with the
informed consent of
affected communities.
However, no specific
provisions on how to
operationalize this
concept.
The borrower and ADB will ascertain the
consent of affected IP communities to the
following three types of project activities:
o commercial development of the cultural
resources and knowledge of IP;
o physical displacement from traditional or
customary lands; and
o commercial development of natural
resources within customary lands under
use that would impact the livelihoods or
the cultural, ceremonial, or spiritual uses
that define the identity and community of
IP.

43. Major Difference: Indigenous Peoples Safeguards
Previous SPS
o No equivalent
provision
o The consent of affected Indigenous
Peoples communities refers to a collective
expression by the affected Indigenous
Peoples communities, through individuals
and/or their recognized representatives, of
broad community support for such project
activities. Broad community support
may exist even if some individuals or
groups object to the project activities.
o ADB will assure that broad community
support is demonstrated. ADB will not
finance the project if such broad support
does not exist.

44. Collaboration with CSO

45. Collaboration with CSO
Collaboration between ADB and CSO
• Policy level
• Country Partnership Strategy level
• Project level
Collaboration indicated in:
• Strategy 2020
• Public Communications Policy
• Accountability Mechanism
• Safeguard Policy Statement, etc.
44

46. Collaboration with CSO
Roles Performed by CSO
• Policy design and review
• Advocacy across a range of issues
• Information provider
• Consultation during project design
• Beneficiaries and stakeholders
• Co-financer
• Technical expert and trainers
• Implementing agency
• Monitoring and evaluation
45

47. CSO in Song Bung 4 HPP
• Service provider for livelihood development
under JFPR 9120-VIE.
• Independent monitoring.
46
Workshop organized by Vietnam Rivers Network

48. Basin Sustainability
Vu Gia – Thu Bon River Basin

49. Payment for Ecosystem Services (PfES)
• Benefit Sharing Mechanism supported through ADB TA
4689-VIE; piloted in A Vuong HPP – same Vu Gia - Thu
Bon basin as Song Bung 4 HPP.
• Suggested 2% of gross generation to finance Benefit
Sharing Fund for livelihood development.
• Decree 99 on PFES approved 2010.
• Hydropower plants pay VND20/kWh (¢0.1/kWh)
• $26 million collected in 2012, but disbursement to
households and monitoring challenging.
• ADB TA 6422-REG promotes (i) “household groups” and
(ii) GIS & remote sensing.
48

50. Rapid Basin-wide Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Tool (RSAT)
• Developed by ADB, MRC, WWF.
• Assess hydropower sustainability issues in a
basin wide, multiple project context.
• Assessment by stakeholders.
• Action orientated.
• Multi-criteria gap analysis.
• Scheduled for piloting in Vu Gia
- Thu Bon river basin (July).
(To be financed by Water Financing Partnership
Facility: WFPF)
49

51. Hydropower Operation Rules
• MoNRE tasked to prepare dry season operating
rules for hydropower reservoirs in the Vu Gia -
Thu Bon river basin.
• ADB providing support (financed by WFPF)
• ADB also supporting study on minimum flow
requirements.
50