SCAIME eNod4: weighing controllers range for process automationSCAIME
Presentation of eNod4 weighing controller range.
Discover a new concept especially designed for integration into automated systems.
eNod4 is a complete weighing solution for industrial processes:
- Weighing of tanks, vessels or silos
- Dynamic checkweighing
- Batch dosing or high speed filling
- Continuous weighing for belt scales
- Flow rate control for Belt weigh feeders
- Loss-in-weight feeders
Design and Construction of GSM Based Fire Alarm System using PIC Microcontrollerijtsrd
A fire alarm system is used our properties safe form fire. It can be designed in many ways in different components. Many expensive building must have their fire alarm systems. In market almost systems are indoor systems. The indoor systems can be known only the person who inside the building. So, this paper focus on the design and implementation of knowing the fire status from remote. This proposed system designed has two sensors. One is the smoke sensor and the other is temperature sensor. If these sensors sense the required amount of temperature and smoke, they send SMS to dedicated mobile use and alarm system to know remote person and indoor persons. Miss Cing Nuam Man | Miss Wai Mar Myint Aung "Design and Construction of GSM Based Fire Alarm System using PIC Microcontroller" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29287.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/29287/design-and-construction-of-gsm-based-fire-alarm-system-using-pic-microcontroller/miss-cing-nuam-man
SCAIME eNod4: weighing controllers range for process automationSCAIME
Presentation of eNod4 weighing controller range.
Discover a new concept especially designed for integration into automated systems.
eNod4 is a complete weighing solution for industrial processes:
- Weighing of tanks, vessels or silos
- Dynamic checkweighing
- Batch dosing or high speed filling
- Continuous weighing for belt scales
- Flow rate control for Belt weigh feeders
- Loss-in-weight feeders
Design and Construction of GSM Based Fire Alarm System using PIC Microcontrollerijtsrd
A fire alarm system is used our properties safe form fire. It can be designed in many ways in different components. Many expensive building must have their fire alarm systems. In market almost systems are indoor systems. The indoor systems can be known only the person who inside the building. So, this paper focus on the design and implementation of knowing the fire status from remote. This proposed system designed has two sensors. One is the smoke sensor and the other is temperature sensor. If these sensors sense the required amount of temperature and smoke, they send SMS to dedicated mobile use and alarm system to know remote person and indoor persons. Miss Cing Nuam Man | Miss Wai Mar Myint Aung "Design and Construction of GSM Based Fire Alarm System using PIC Microcontroller" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29287.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/29287/design-and-construction-of-gsm-based-fire-alarm-system-using-pic-microcontroller/miss-cing-nuam-man
Patient Health Monitoring System Using Arduino & ESP8266Rishav Pandey
Sometimes it happens when patients struggles to find hospital beds but due to high number of covid patients they are forced to stay at home and aren't monitored by any doctor. This Health Monitoring System designed with the help of Arduino UNO board and ESP8266 wifi microchip helps the doctor to monitor the patient remotely (connected via an IoT based platform ThingSpeak). ESP8266 wi-fi microchip is used to provide internet connectivity to our project (or we can connect our project to any wifi using same). The system consists of a pulse sensor and and an LM35 temperature sensor which measures the patient's heart beats per minute and body temperature respectively. The Arduino reads the sensor data, converts them into string, passes them to the IoT platform (ThingSpeak) and also displays the BPM and body temperature on LCD display.
In this way a doctor can remotely monitor the patients and take appropriate actions when required.
Problema #1 (x%). El siguiente es un Sistema Digital que tiene las señales ‘A’,’ B’, ‘C’ y ‘D’ como entradas de un bit; por otro lado, la señal ‘Y’ es una salida de un bit tal como se muestra en la siguiente imagen:
El comportamiento de la señal de salida ‘Y’ en función de las señales de entrada, es descrito con el siguiente código VHDL:
Código GitHub:
https://github.com/vasanza/MSI-VHDL/blob/2021PAO1/ExamenParcial/ExamSD1_1.vhd
Realizar los siguientes desarrollos:
a) Usando mapas de karnaught y agrupamiento de minterms (SOP), simplificar la expresión booleana hasta obtener su minima expresión (x/2 %).
b) Utilizando puertas lógicas, graficar el circuito que represente a la ecuación simplificada en el literal anterior (x/2 %).
Problema #2 (x%). El siguiente es un Sistema Digital que tiene las señales ‘A’ y ‘B’ como entradas de dos bits; por otro lado, la señal ‘Y’ es una salida de dos bits tal como se muestra en la siguiente imagen:
El comportamiento de la señal de salida ‘Y’ en función de las señales de entrada, es descrito con el siguiente código VHDL:
Código GitHub:
https://github.com/vasanza/MSI-VHDL/blob/2021PAO1/ExamenParcial/ExamSD1_2.vhd
Realizar los siguientes desarrollos:
a) Usando mapas de karnaught y agrupamiento de minterms (SOP), simplificar la expresión booleana hasta obtener su minima expresión de Y(1) = f(A(1),A(0),B(1),B(0)) y Y(0) = f(A(1),A(0),B(1),B(0)) (x/2 %).
b) Indicar con sus propias palabras el funcioamiento que realiza el sistemas digital propuesto (x/2 %).
⭐ For more information visit our blog:
https://vasanza.blogspot.com/
this presentation tells about the vehicle controll by alcohole detector,where we have ellborately designed what is an alcohole detector,how it is made,and its application in the circuit when it leads to controlling of the vehicle.
Construccion seguidor de línea por joaquín berrocal verano 2017joaquinin1
Velocista seguidor de línea realizado por Joaquín Berrocal Piris, peso del vehículo 507grs, motores con reductora de 30:1 alimentados a 7 Voltios. aceptan hasta los 12V.
Prototipo velocista seguidor de líneas blancas sobre fondo de color irregular, lo que agrava la dificultad de calibración de los sensores de infrarrojos.
Está basado en el proyecto Lamborghino.
Lleva control PID por lo que es muy necesario adaptarlo a las condiciones de tensión, peso y luminosidad de la pista. cualquier modificación en los mismos habría que reajustar los valores proporcional, integral y, en menor incidencia, el derivativo.
Como se puede observar ha sido de gran dificultad los ajustes debido a tener el suelo un color oscuro nada regular. Lo ideal es que la cinta blanca (de grosor 19mm) estuviera sobre fondo negro perfecto.
Para descargar:
+ Dirección de mis proyectos en el youtube:
https://www.youtube.com/user/joaquininbp/videos?sort=dd&shelf_id=0&view=0
LVTS - Image Resolution Monitor for Litho-MetrologyVladislav Kaplan
Significant challenges for various Critical Dimension (CD) measurement matching procedures are reaching a comparable complexity as result of negative effects of roughness on the features. Due to the constant trend of integrated circuit in features reduction, impact of roughness start to be more destructive for various sets of measurement algorithms. Commonly used attempts to increase magnification for pattern recognition in measurement mode could in turn detect higher deviation from predefined patterns and thus initiate shift in placement of measurement gate. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how to reduce measurement gate (MG) placement variation impact and filter acquired data using edge correlation approach. The essence of listed above approach is to create set of width correlation function represents particular feature under test and compare it to “golden” one as a mean of detection of uncorrelated scans, which in turn should be excluded from overall computation of matching results. We describe general approach for algorithm stepping and various techniques for judgment of measurement comparison validity. Presented approach also has particular interest in determination of specified tool performance for predefined pattern recognition feature as well as for pattern recognition algorithm robustness study - direct interest for manufacturer. Precise matching estimation as part of Round Robin (RR) routines creating possibility to work with restricted amount of data and perform quick reliable qualification procedures. This paper concentrated on practical approach and used both simulation and actual data measurements data before and after proposed optimization taken by various generation tools by Hitachi (S-8840, S-9300, S-9380) in production environment
Rate and Performance Analysis of Indoor Optical Camera Communications in Opti...Willy Anugrah Cahyadi
It is a summary of my dissertation for the Ph.D. degree. The main topic is optical camera communication (OCC), which was being standardized under the revision to IEEE 802.15.7-2011 standard in 2018.
Patient Health Monitoring System Using Arduino & ESP8266Rishav Pandey
Sometimes it happens when patients struggles to find hospital beds but due to high number of covid patients they are forced to stay at home and aren't monitored by any doctor. This Health Monitoring System designed with the help of Arduino UNO board and ESP8266 wifi microchip helps the doctor to monitor the patient remotely (connected via an IoT based platform ThingSpeak). ESP8266 wi-fi microchip is used to provide internet connectivity to our project (or we can connect our project to any wifi using same). The system consists of a pulse sensor and and an LM35 temperature sensor which measures the patient's heart beats per minute and body temperature respectively. The Arduino reads the sensor data, converts them into string, passes them to the IoT platform (ThingSpeak) and also displays the BPM and body temperature on LCD display.
In this way a doctor can remotely monitor the patients and take appropriate actions when required.
Problema #1 (x%). El siguiente es un Sistema Digital que tiene las señales ‘A’,’ B’, ‘C’ y ‘D’ como entradas de un bit; por otro lado, la señal ‘Y’ es una salida de un bit tal como se muestra en la siguiente imagen:
El comportamiento de la señal de salida ‘Y’ en función de las señales de entrada, es descrito con el siguiente código VHDL:
Código GitHub:
https://github.com/vasanza/MSI-VHDL/blob/2021PAO1/ExamenParcial/ExamSD1_1.vhd
Realizar los siguientes desarrollos:
a) Usando mapas de karnaught y agrupamiento de minterms (SOP), simplificar la expresión booleana hasta obtener su minima expresión (x/2 %).
b) Utilizando puertas lógicas, graficar el circuito que represente a la ecuación simplificada en el literal anterior (x/2 %).
Problema #2 (x%). El siguiente es un Sistema Digital que tiene las señales ‘A’ y ‘B’ como entradas de dos bits; por otro lado, la señal ‘Y’ es una salida de dos bits tal como se muestra en la siguiente imagen:
El comportamiento de la señal de salida ‘Y’ en función de las señales de entrada, es descrito con el siguiente código VHDL:
Código GitHub:
https://github.com/vasanza/MSI-VHDL/blob/2021PAO1/ExamenParcial/ExamSD1_2.vhd
Realizar los siguientes desarrollos:
a) Usando mapas de karnaught y agrupamiento de minterms (SOP), simplificar la expresión booleana hasta obtener su minima expresión de Y(1) = f(A(1),A(0),B(1),B(0)) y Y(0) = f(A(1),A(0),B(1),B(0)) (x/2 %).
b) Indicar con sus propias palabras el funcioamiento que realiza el sistemas digital propuesto (x/2 %).
⭐ For more information visit our blog:
https://vasanza.blogspot.com/
this presentation tells about the vehicle controll by alcohole detector,where we have ellborately designed what is an alcohole detector,how it is made,and its application in the circuit when it leads to controlling of the vehicle.
Construccion seguidor de línea por joaquín berrocal verano 2017joaquinin1
Velocista seguidor de línea realizado por Joaquín Berrocal Piris, peso del vehículo 507grs, motores con reductora de 30:1 alimentados a 7 Voltios. aceptan hasta los 12V.
Prototipo velocista seguidor de líneas blancas sobre fondo de color irregular, lo que agrava la dificultad de calibración de los sensores de infrarrojos.
Está basado en el proyecto Lamborghino.
Lleva control PID por lo que es muy necesario adaptarlo a las condiciones de tensión, peso y luminosidad de la pista. cualquier modificación en los mismos habría que reajustar los valores proporcional, integral y, en menor incidencia, el derivativo.
Como se puede observar ha sido de gran dificultad los ajustes debido a tener el suelo un color oscuro nada regular. Lo ideal es que la cinta blanca (de grosor 19mm) estuviera sobre fondo negro perfecto.
Para descargar:
+ Dirección de mis proyectos en el youtube:
https://www.youtube.com/user/joaquininbp/videos?sort=dd&shelf_id=0&view=0
LVTS - Image Resolution Monitor for Litho-MetrologyVladislav Kaplan
Significant challenges for various Critical Dimension (CD) measurement matching procedures are reaching a comparable complexity as result of negative effects of roughness on the features. Due to the constant trend of integrated circuit in features reduction, impact of roughness start to be more destructive for various sets of measurement algorithms. Commonly used attempts to increase magnification for pattern recognition in measurement mode could in turn detect higher deviation from predefined patterns and thus initiate shift in placement of measurement gate. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how to reduce measurement gate (MG) placement variation impact and filter acquired data using edge correlation approach. The essence of listed above approach is to create set of width correlation function represents particular feature under test and compare it to “golden” one as a mean of detection of uncorrelated scans, which in turn should be excluded from overall computation of matching results. We describe general approach for algorithm stepping and various techniques for judgment of measurement comparison validity. Presented approach also has particular interest in determination of specified tool performance for predefined pattern recognition feature as well as for pattern recognition algorithm robustness study - direct interest for manufacturer. Precise matching estimation as part of Round Robin (RR) routines creating possibility to work with restricted amount of data and perform quick reliable qualification procedures. This paper concentrated on practical approach and used both simulation and actual data measurements data before and after proposed optimization taken by various generation tools by Hitachi (S-8840, S-9300, S-9380) in production environment
Rate and Performance Analysis of Indoor Optical Camera Communications in Opti...Willy Anugrah Cahyadi
It is a summary of my dissertation for the Ph.D. degree. The main topic is optical camera communication (OCC), which was being standardized under the revision to IEEE 802.15.7-2011 standard in 2018.
Khaled Sarayeddine (Optinvent): Optical Technologies & Challenges for Next Ge...AugmentedWorldExpo
A talk from the Develop Track at AWE USA 2018 - the World's #1 XR Conference & Expo in Santa Clara, California May 30- June 1, 2018.
Khaled Sarayeddine (Optinvent): Optical Technologies & Challenges for Next Generation AR
The talk will describe the current status on key optical technologies and ongoing development to meet Small footprint & Large FOV High resolution Display, as well to accommodate Light field feature.
http://AugmentedWorldExpo.com
Vieworks' TDI line scan cameras are based on new innovative “hybrid” sensor technology. The sensors combine CMOS and CCD. The base sensor has is a classic CMOS structure with much faster readout speeds and lower power consumption. However the sensors use CCD photo cells to capture the images and CCD technology still offers higher dynamic range and better image quality. In addition, the integration and transfer of stages is done by moving charge in CCDs, making this process virtually noiseless. The TDI line scan cameras based on these new hybrid imaging sensors allows image captures as fast as 250 kHz line rates with up to 256 stages. They are designed for applications where faster line rates and higher sensitivity are critical.
Virtual Retinal Display: their falling cost and rising performanceJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze the increasing economic feasibility of virtual retinal displays. These displays focus light on a person’s retina using LEDs, digital micro-mirrors and lenses, which are all encased in a head-set about the size of glasses. They enable high resolution 3D video images with a large field of view that are far superior to existing displays. Rapid improvements in LEDs and digital micro-mirrors (one type of MEMS) are enabling these displays to experience rapid reductions in cost and improvements in performance.
Axis offers a broad portfolio of network cameras and video encoders based on its ARTPEC-3 chip. The
performance of Axis products, in terms of streams and frame rate, is important, and we will focus on the
performance of Axis network products based on ARTPEC-3 in this paper.
The intended audience of this document is technical personnel and system integrators.
Demo request dan pemesanan produk, hubungi PT. Siwali Swantika. Jakarta : 021-45850618 / Surabaya : 031-8421264.
Kunjungi website kami di www.siwali.com untuk spesifikasi produk dan varian lainnya dari Fluke.
DSCD-900 adopts the geometric of D/8, built-in full wavelength of LED, double beam optical system, ETC every-time calibration technology, spectral reflectance standard deviation within 0.08, max ΔE*ab is 0.03
Step Into Security Webinar - IP Security Camera Techniques for Video Surveill...Keith Harris
LENSEC's Step Into Security webinar covers techniques for IP security cameras used for video surveillance. This information is useful for security personnel and anyone who works with security cameras.
Physical security expert Keith Harris is a veteran in the security industry and has worked with cameras for 30 years. Keith provides information on IP security camera techniques for physical security applications.
Webinar Agenda:
•Camera Choice
•Lens Selection
•Power
•Record Capability
•Lighting
•Transmission
You can find this and other webinars covering physical security and life safety topics on LENSEC's website: http://bit.ly/StepIntoSecurityWebinarArchive
Share this info with your colleagues and invite them to join us.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
2. IEC 62676-5 Ed. 1.0
Video surveillance systems for use in security applications
Part 5: Data specifications & image quality performance for camera devices
IEC 62676-1-1:2013 System requirements – general
IEC 62676-1-2:2013 System requirements – Performance requirements for video transmission
IEC 62676-2-1:2013 Video transmission protocols – general requirements
IEC 62676-2-2:2013 Video transmission protocols – IP interoperability implementation based
on HTTP and REST services
IEC 62676-2-3:2013 Video transmission protocols – IP interoperability implementation based
on Web services
IEC 62676-3:2013 Analog and digital video interfaces
IEC 62676-2:2014 Application guidelines
2
3. Standardization body
IEC, Technical Committee 79, Working Group 12
Alarm systems – video surveillance
27 member states, 42 members in committee with 15 camera experts of different
manufactuers and institutions.
3
4. Intention
The problem that has led to standardization activities:
Data printed in data sheets is not meaningful or does not help in selecting the right camera
for an application because:
It does not list the procedures used to determine them
Image quality parameters are missing
Data is meaningless (e.g. 0 lux in light sensitivity)
Data for parameters are missing
Measuring methodes were not available or were not standardized
4
8. Accomplish the goals
In order to reach a standardization, the standard contains:
Terms, definitions and abbreviations
A description of typical specification for video surveillance cameras
The description of the measurement methods for these specificatinos
Some annexes, which contain future methods and measurement procedures, but which still need to
be tested and further developed.
8
16. OECF
From the values of an OECF chart, the following parameters can be determined:
Dynamic Range
Visual Dynamic range
Noise
SNR (S/R)
Sensitivity respectively minimum illumination
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19. OECF – TE269C
General procedure:
Minimum visible light illumination necessary, expressed in lux, to obtain specified contrast
of the video output level (expressed in %) at which an object can be recognized, while
producing no less than 25 fps (30 fps).
OECF chart in combination with ND filter.
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21. OECF – TE269C
General procedure:
OECF measurement can be used to determine the clipping point (upper side) and, together
with noise measurement, to determine the point where S/N=1 (lower side). The ratio
between both luminance’s is the dynamic range.
The luminance of each grey scale patch shall be measured accurately and used as input
for the calculations.
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22. OECF – TE269C
Light source:
At least 100.000 lux entering the camera
Luminance range shall be larger than the expected dynamic range of the camera
White standard light source, effectively spectrally neutral (daylight or tungsten illuminants
e.g. CIE standard daylight simulated illuminants such as D65 or D50).
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23. OECF – TE269C
Measurement procedure:
It is not needed that the test target is viewed by the camera at full scale, but make sure that
each grey scale patch should be sampled by at least 32x32=1024 pixels.
The camera lens should be focused on the test target, such that the image produced
appears reasonably sharp. The camera lens may be slightly defocused to blur high
frequency noise or halftone screening present in the test chart.
Camera exposure settings should be adjusted to produce at least 1 clipped grey scale
patch.
More clipped patches are allowed but try to keep that number low while it reduces the
usable dynamic range of the test target. Auto exposure may be used.
Capture a picture of the camera output for evaluation. Capturing more pictures, preferably
8, improves the reliability of the measurement.
Sample all grey scale patches with at least 32x32 pixels. Be sure to sample the
homogeneous part of each patch and avoid the edges.
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25. Visible Dynamic Range
General procedure:
Ratio between the maximum illumination which procedures unclipped detailed image (just
below saturation level) and the minimum illumination that can be output at 50% which is the
output bright enough to produce usable image.
OECF Chart as TE269C can be used.
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