The document discusses Karl Marx's concepts of the base and superstructure and how they relate to ideology. The base refers to the economic system and mode of production, while the superstructure encompasses institutions like education, media, politics and religion that shape society's ideas and beliefs. Ideology, according to Marx, consists of the ideas in the superstructure that serve to legitimize and maintain the existing economic base and relations of production. The passage also provides examples of how modern ideology promotes consumerism.