Identify and summarize determinants of a public health problem:
individual/ biological, interpersonal/
Intrapersonal Factors: involve an individual's beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge about a health condition.
Lifestyle Causal Beliefs about Obesity
when categorized as ‘some'/‘a lot', 94% of participants held not exercising causal beliefs, 95% held overeating causal beliefs, 90% held eating certain types of food causal beliefs, 70% held chemicals in food causal beliefs, and 41% held smoking causal beliefs about obesity, compared to the 69% who held genetic causal beliefs about obesity. There were few associations between lifestyle causal beliefs about obesity and any of the sociodemographic or health-related characteristics assessed.
Genetic Causal Beliefs about Obesity-Related Diseases
Overall, 82% of participants held genetic causal beliefs about type 2 diabetes (fig. 2), 79% about heart disease (fig. 3) and 75% about cancer (fig. 4), when categorized as ‘some/a lot.' table 3 shows that there were very few associations with participant sociodemographic or health-related characteristics.(all threse from https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/343793)
This study is based on the Ecological Systems Theory and Family and Community Systems perspectives, which emphasize the need to consider the effects of individual, family, community, and societal factors on health and social outcomes (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 1988; Campbell, Hesketh, & Davison, 2010; Elder et al., 2007; Fulkerson et al., 2015; Novilla, Barnes, De La Cruz, Williams, & Rogers, 2006; Valente, 2012).
This study contributes to the literature in several ways and emphasizes that peers and families are important sources of influence when it comes to healthy eating and choices of activities in young adolescents. Specifically, adolescents who reported a stronger connection with their family also engaged more frequently in physical activity than adolescents who reported lower familism. The benefits of targeting the family as part of lifestyle interventions are well established (Epstein, Paluch, Roemmich, & Beecher, 2007; Skelton, Buehler, Irby, & Grzywacz, 2012; St Jeor, Perumean-Chaney, Sigman-Grant, Williams, & Foreyt, 2002). The rationale underlying family-centered approaches is that modification of the youth’s environment is necessary to change and maintain children’s healthy habits. As a primary source of socialization, parents not only influence youths’ healthy lifestyle in providing access to resources and in modeling and reinforcing healthy habits, but they also provide the basis for the development of healthy peer relationships. Conceivably, stronger family connections may operate directly on young adolescents’ physical activity, but also indirectly in establishing the foundations for healthy peer relationships, which in turn promote healthier diet and a less sedentary lifestyle.
Furthermore, adolescents who reported higher PSF had a healthier diet and spent less time engagi ...
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 5.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 5
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
P-I-C-O-T Statement
P- Patients who suffer from obesity (BMI of more than 30)
I- Undertaking nutritional education, diet, and exercise
C- Comparison to nutritional education, endoscopic bariatric surgical intervention
O- Improved health outcomes in terms of overall weight
T - A year’s time limit
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity poses serious health problems in the US as the number of overweight and obese population increases at a rapid pace every year. The effects of this problem have arrested the attention of policymakers, societal members, and government agencies. This has resulted in ranking childhood obesity as a national health concern. The adverse impacts of this disease go beyond the health realms to include economic burden on both personal and national budgets. While there are numerous risk factors and various evidence-based interventions to address this challenge, no single approach is consistently efficacious in curbing the disease. Consequently, it is imperative that efficacious initiatives and policies be developed to address the never-ending problem of childhood obesity. Multidisciplinary approaches are often broad and cut across all dimensions of personal health problems. Instead of placing emphasis solely on biomedical models, health care professionals should also seek to promote behavior change among obesity patients and their family members. A PICOT statement can be utilized as an effective tool to seek interventions of addressing childhood obesity.
PICOT Statement
Population
In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative ...
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 3PICOT .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 3
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity is one of the emerging health problems that affect the American population. This disorder places children at a higher risk of suffering from preventable non-communicable chronic diseases, such as Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and asthma (McGrath, 2017). Other challenges that affect children as a result of this disease include depression and sleep apnea. Obese children are often predisposed to become obese adults who suffer from many chronic diseases related to increased mortality rate of 40 percent. Obese children and adolescents tend to have more adverse health challenges compared to the counterparts with normal BMI. The task of addressing the chronic conditions related to childhood obesity is normally costly, with approximately $14 billion price tag and increasing (McGrath, 2017). Survey reports released by government agencies such as the National Conference of State Legislature, the total cost of obesity-associated nears $150 billion yearly, with taxpayers covering approximately sixty billion dollars. There is need to identify patterns that related to childhood obesity for professionals to seek better ways to address them. This PICOT statement evaluates childhood obesity in the United States.
PICOT Statement
Population
Childhood obesity is a major health concern in the United States and other parts of the world since the disease is increasing. In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In 2013, 16 percent of children in the country were categorized as obese. The prevalence was highest at ages of 12 to 19 years and lowest at ages of 2 to 5 years. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative intervention, especially ...
Project Management
Yaumara Cano
Kaplan University
1
introduction
Clinical studies are purposed to help physicians and other interested parties to make health improvements on how issues are handles.
The United States currently faces a large number of health issues.
Obesity is among the common health issues that the country is facing, which requires intervention.
The country is currently the leading place with the largest number of people with this condition (Booth, Charlton, & Gulliford, 2016).
Obesity has been an issues of concern to many in the United States, mainly because the country is the leading nation in the world with the largest population of obese individuals.
The need to implement effectiveness and ensure that people regain their health is essential for the health industry of the country.
This presentation aims to present a research study on this issue and it provide recommendation of effective intervention measures that should be taken to address the issue.
2
Over view of the study
Obesity is currently affecting more than 37.9 percent of all the adults in the United States.
Annually, the government spends about 147 million dollars to address issues related to obesity only.
With this issue being extremely important, the study aims to obtain more information about the issue in the country.
The study then aims to use the findings that will be obtained to make recommendations of appropriate intervention strategies.
Statistical evidence clarify that obesity is a significant problem in the United States. Through this condition, more than 37.9 percent of the United States feel adverse negative effects, and are considered less healthy compared to other people.
This study has its main purpose being to make sure that effective strategies have been developed through which the issue will become less significant in terms of effect and money.
3
Clinical question definition (PICOT)
PICOT is a research explanation model which stands for people/population, intervention, comparison, outcome and time.
The population that is aimed to benefit from this study is both the young, the youths and the old who can obtain the condition of obesity (Mehta, Elo, Aromaa, & Koskinen, 2017).
The study facts and results are however based on data collected from people between the age of 20 and 30 years
The population under focus on this study is thus youths of between 20 and 30 years of age. This sample population was mainly chosen because it constitutes of the largest population of obese people in the country.
The study however aims at making sure that the identified research study respondents are randomly obtained from different areas and people living in different life styles.
4
Clinical question definition (PICOT)
Intervention that is intended for the patients is to provide recommendation that will help these patients manage to have their lives improved and recovering from the condition.
The study also aims to reduce the rate of pe.
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 5.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 5
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
P-I-C-O-T Statement
P- Patients who suffer from obesity (BMI of more than 30)
I- Undertaking nutritional education, diet, and exercise
C- Comparison to nutritional education, endoscopic bariatric surgical intervention
O- Improved health outcomes in terms of overall weight
T - A year’s time limit
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity poses serious health problems in the US as the number of overweight and obese population increases at a rapid pace every year. The effects of this problem have arrested the attention of policymakers, societal members, and government agencies. This has resulted in ranking childhood obesity as a national health concern. The adverse impacts of this disease go beyond the health realms to include economic burden on both personal and national budgets. While there are numerous risk factors and various evidence-based interventions to address this challenge, no single approach is consistently efficacious in curbing the disease. Consequently, it is imperative that efficacious initiatives and policies be developed to address the never-ending problem of childhood obesity. Multidisciplinary approaches are often broad and cut across all dimensions of personal health problems. Instead of placing emphasis solely on biomedical models, health care professionals should also seek to promote behavior change among obesity patients and their family members. A PICOT statement can be utilized as an effective tool to seek interventions of addressing childhood obesity.
PICOT Statement
Population
In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative ...
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 3PICOT .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 3
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity is one of the emerging health problems that affect the American population. This disorder places children at a higher risk of suffering from preventable non-communicable chronic diseases, such as Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and asthma (McGrath, 2017). Other challenges that affect children as a result of this disease include depression and sleep apnea. Obese children are often predisposed to become obese adults who suffer from many chronic diseases related to increased mortality rate of 40 percent. Obese children and adolescents tend to have more adverse health challenges compared to the counterparts with normal BMI. The task of addressing the chronic conditions related to childhood obesity is normally costly, with approximately $14 billion price tag and increasing (McGrath, 2017). Survey reports released by government agencies such as the National Conference of State Legislature, the total cost of obesity-associated nears $150 billion yearly, with taxpayers covering approximately sixty billion dollars. There is need to identify patterns that related to childhood obesity for professionals to seek better ways to address them. This PICOT statement evaluates childhood obesity in the United States.
PICOT Statement
Population
Childhood obesity is a major health concern in the United States and other parts of the world since the disease is increasing. In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In 2013, 16 percent of children in the country were categorized as obese. The prevalence was highest at ages of 12 to 19 years and lowest at ages of 2 to 5 years. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative intervention, especially ...
Project Management
Yaumara Cano
Kaplan University
1
introduction
Clinical studies are purposed to help physicians and other interested parties to make health improvements on how issues are handles.
The United States currently faces a large number of health issues.
Obesity is among the common health issues that the country is facing, which requires intervention.
The country is currently the leading place with the largest number of people with this condition (Booth, Charlton, & Gulliford, 2016).
Obesity has been an issues of concern to many in the United States, mainly because the country is the leading nation in the world with the largest population of obese individuals.
The need to implement effectiveness and ensure that people regain their health is essential for the health industry of the country.
This presentation aims to present a research study on this issue and it provide recommendation of effective intervention measures that should be taken to address the issue.
2
Over view of the study
Obesity is currently affecting more than 37.9 percent of all the adults in the United States.
Annually, the government spends about 147 million dollars to address issues related to obesity only.
With this issue being extremely important, the study aims to obtain more information about the issue in the country.
The study then aims to use the findings that will be obtained to make recommendations of appropriate intervention strategies.
Statistical evidence clarify that obesity is a significant problem in the United States. Through this condition, more than 37.9 percent of the United States feel adverse negative effects, and are considered less healthy compared to other people.
This study has its main purpose being to make sure that effective strategies have been developed through which the issue will become less significant in terms of effect and money.
3
Clinical question definition (PICOT)
PICOT is a research explanation model which stands for people/population, intervention, comparison, outcome and time.
The population that is aimed to benefit from this study is both the young, the youths and the old who can obtain the condition of obesity (Mehta, Elo, Aromaa, & Koskinen, 2017).
The study facts and results are however based on data collected from people between the age of 20 and 30 years
The population under focus on this study is thus youths of between 20 and 30 years of age. This sample population was mainly chosen because it constitutes of the largest population of obese people in the country.
The study however aims at making sure that the identified research study respondents are randomly obtained from different areas and people living in different life styles.
4
Clinical question definition (PICOT)
Intervention that is intended for the patients is to provide recommendation that will help these patients manage to have their lives improved and recovering from the condition.
The study also aims to reduce the rate of pe.
Obesity is quickly becoming one of the most common chronic.docxhopeaustin33688
Obesity is quickly becoming one of the most common chronic diseases among children. These rates have increased at an alarming rate and is a major public health problem because of related physical and psychological comorbidities, including type II diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and mental health disorders. Dramatic increase in the number of overweight and obese children in recent years.
Studies indicate that children's lives may be shortened as a result of this alarming health problem. Estimates state that for any degree of overweight/obesity, younger adults (20-30 years of age) may have greater years of life lost due to obesity than older adults. Childhood obesity has been determined to be an independent risk factor for adult overweight/obesity.
To combat childhood obesity, there is a great need for public health interventions as well as education parents regarding childhood obesity and its consequences. Parents differ on causation of obesity, and differ in focus on nutrition and physical exercise. Many parents in the research do not see obesity as a barrier to physical activity. The parents need to recognize their child as overweight. Prevention is the most effective method for dealing with this growing health concern. The evidence reviewed, confirmed that family-centered interventions were associated with short-term reduction in obesity and improved medical parameters. The goal should be to involve community resources and provider referrals. Nurse Practitioners have a unique role in being the best facilitators to deliver health messages and are able to educate parents and increase awareness about the causes and consequences of childhood obesity.
Parents of young children need to interact with their child's primary healthcare provider for health advice and preventive health information during regularly scheduled physical examinations. It is up to the parents of these young children to combat intervention strategies such as:
a combination of nutritional and activity information, a cognitive-behavioral aspect to the intervention parent-directed activities
limiting sedentary child behaviors, provide positive approaches with children by parents and practitioners (e.g., emphasize positive rewards for healthy behaviors, encourage self-efficacy)
Future research is required to identify moderators and mediators to produce enduring changes in weight status of children.
The Objective was to determine in children who are at risk for becoming overweight or obese, does education with parental involvement on exercise and nutrition compared to individual education with the child alone decrease the risk of developing obesity and the health problems associated with obesity?
(P) In overweight, obese, or at risk young children (2-18years of age) Is family centered education/treatment interventions
(C) versus control or comparison interventions
(O) more effective in decreasing childhood obesity and compli.
Running Head FINDINGS USED TO MAKE PUBLIC HEALTH PLANNING AND POL.docxcowinhelen
Running Head: FINDINGS USED TO MAKE PUBLIC HEALTH PLANNING AND POLICY DECISIONS 5
Findings Used to Make Public Health Planning and Policy Decisions
Unit 4 - HA560
March 28, 2016
There has been increased concern among policy makers, scientists and communities that health is greatly affected by a number of factors that occur in a person’s lifetime and in multi levels. Prevention is sententious to curb occurrence of any disease within the population, and it has to come first even if access to quality healthcare services is provided. To adequately promote health and prevent diseases, certain policies and factors need to be addressed mostly factors that are related to health behaviors.
Social psychology is all about understanding individuals’ behavior specifically in a social setting. Basically, social psychology focuses on factors that influence people to behave in certain ways in presence of others. The two greatest contributors in the field of social psychology were Allport (1920) and Bandura (1963). To begin with, according to Allport; he argued that the interaction of individuals with others or the presence of social groups can encourage the development of certain behaviors (Kassin, 2014). This is what Allport referred to as social facilitation, in his research he identified that an audience will facilitate the performance of an actor in a well learnt and understood task; however the performance of the same actor will decrease in performance on difficult tasks which are newly learnt, and this is contributed by social inhibition. The second contributor in the field of social psychology is Bandura (1963), in his work he developed a notion that behavior in the social world could be possibly modeled, and this is what he referred to as social learning theory. He gave his explanation with three groups of children who were watching a video where in the video an adult showed aggressiveness towards a “bobo doll” and the adults who displayed such behavior were awarded by another adult or were just punished. Therefore Bandura found that children who saw the adult being rewarded were found to be more likely to imitate that adult’s behavior.
Certain theories plays important roles in health assessment, and a theory is defined as a collection of concepts in specific area of concern or interest in the world that need explanations, intervening and prediction. Theories need to be backed up with evidence that tend to explain why things will happen in relation to current situations, and followed with some actions to turn situations in certain desirable ways. Health assessment can be defined as a plan of care that recognizes specific person’s health needs and how such needs will be addressed by healthcare system or any other health institutions (Jarvis, 2008). Generally, health assessment is the evaluation of health status through examination of physical and psychological concerns after looking at the health history of the victim assess ...
The Effect of a Pilot Nutrition Education Intervention on Perc.docxmehek4
The Effect of a Pilot Nutrition Education Intervention on Perceived Cancer Risk
in a Rural Texas Community
Liliana Correa, MS', Debra B. Reed, PhD, RDN, LD:, Barent N. McCool, PhD3, Mary Murimi, PhD, RDN, LD2, Conrad
Lyford, PhD4
'Former M.S. Nutritional Sciences Graduate Student, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
departm ent of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
departm ent of Hospitality and Retail Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
departm ent of Agricultural & Applied Economics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
Correspondence to:
Debra B. Reed, PhD, RDN, LD
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
Background: A high consumption o f fruits, vegetables, and whole
grain foods and adequate levels o f physical activity are associated
with a lower risk o f obesity and lower risk o f lifestyle cancers. Re
search suggests that rural communities have a high risk o f unhealthy
behaviors that may contribute to excessive weight gain and risk o f
lifestyle related cancers. The purpose o f this pilot study was to deter
mine the effect o f an educational intervention in a rural Texas com
munity on the intermediate outcomes o f eating behavior (increasing
the intake o f fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods) and physical
activity behavior, and the distal outcome o f body mass index (BM1).
Methods: The intervention, guided by the Social Cognitive Theory,
was implemented over a 10-month period and included a variety o f
community-based education activities related to nutrition, physical
activity, and cancer in a variety o f settings. The effect o f the inter
vention was assessed by analyzing pre- and post-data (N=67) using
independent and paired samples t-tests and bivariate correlations.
Results: Participants were mainly Hispanic (53.7%) and White
(44.8%). At pre-intervention, 6% o f participants reported consuming
>5 servings o f fruits and vegetables daily, 19.4% consumed >3 serv
ings o f whole grain foods daily, and 85.1% were either overweight
or obese. Only 31% o f participants were aware that cancer risk was
related to overweight at pre-intervention. At post-intervention, His-
panics showed a significant increase in the consumption o f fruits and
vegetables (p<0.05). Participation in sports or physical activity pro
grams showed a significant increase (p<0.05). However, no signifi
cant decrease in BM1 was shown.
Conclusion: This intervention had a limited effect in increasing tar
geted behaviors and no effect on reducing BMI. More assessment is
needed in this rural community to identify barriers to healthy behav
iors and to improve interventions to increase consumption o f fruits,
vegetables, and whole grain foods, levels o f physical activity, and
awareness o f the cancer and obesity relationship.
INTRODUCTION
During the last 20 years, there has been an increase in the rates o f
excessive weight in the U.S. population with more than 69% o f the
adult population classified as overwei ...
Group Identity and Unhealthy Food Consumption among College Students: the The...inventionjournals
Theresearch suggests that peers on campus are important reference groups for college students’ unhealthy behavior, including unhealthy eating behavior. Guided by the Theory of Normative Social Behavior, the current study examined the role of group identity in the descriptive norms and unhealthy food consumption link. The results suggest that the magnitude of the association between descriptive norms and unhealthy food consumption was greater as group identity with same-sex students on campus became stronger. The findings demonstrate that students were likely to model unhealthy food consumption of same-sex peers on campus.
1
Running head: OBESITY
3
Running head: OBESITY
Obesity
Lauren Urquiza
Chamberlain University
NR503 Population Health, Epidemiology, & Statistical Principles
January 2018
Obesity
Obesity is a chronic medical condition and a significant health concern in the United States that is increasing worldwide. More than one third of the adults in the U.S. are obese. It is a leading cause of preventable illness and death (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). This global epidemic is a leading concern for adults and for children who are predisposed to becoming obese as adults. This paper will discuss the significance of obesity in Florida, provide a background of the disease, review current surveillance and reporting methods, conduct a descriptive epidemiological analysis, discuss diagnosis and screening for prevention tools, develop an evidence based plan along with measureable outcomes to address obesity as an advanced practice nurse, and conclude with an overview of the main points presented.
Background and Significance
According to the CDC (2016), obesity is defined as “weight that is higher than what is considered as a healthy weight for a given height.” It involves excessive weight gain and accumulation of fat. In order to determine obesity, Body Mass Index or BMI is used to indirectly calculate a person’s body fat and health risk based on weight in relation to height. A BMI of 25.0 or above is considered overweight and 30.0 or greater is considered obese. Athletes with a greater amount of muscle mass may have a higher BMI even though they do not have excess body fat. Waist circumference is also used as a tool to diagnose obesity.
There are many causes that contribute to obesity, including behavioral, genetic, hormonal, environmental, and social factors. Increase in caloric intake, unhealthy eating habits, decrease in physical activity, certain medications, age, lack of sleep, quitting smoking, pregnancy, and certain medical disorders can contribute to weight gain (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Driving cars has replaced walking and riding bikes, technology has replaced engaging in physical activity, and easy access to cheaper foods has replaced nutritional importance. Most people are aware when weight is gained. Obvious signs and symptoms are tighter clothes, excess fat, and increased weight on a scale. Being overweight or obese increases the risk for many health diseases. Obesity may cause low endurance, breathing issues, excessive sweating, and joint discomfort. It can also lead to diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, coronary heart disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, stroke, depression, and even certain types of cancer such as bowel, breast, and prostate cancer (Mayo Clinic, 2018).
Below is a map that highlights the obesity prevalence across the U.S. in 2016 according to the CDC. There is no significant difference in overall prevalence between men and women. The prevalence of women with a BMI > 35 ...
1Running head OBESITY 4Running head OBESITY.docxvickeryr87
1
Running head: OBESITY
4
Running head: OBESITY
Obesity
NR503 Population Health, Epidemiology, & Statistical Principles
January 2018
Obesity
Obesity is a chronic medical condition and a significant health concern in the United States that is increasing worldwide. More than one third of the adults in the U.S. are obese. It is a leading cause of preventable illness and death (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). This global epidemic is a leading concern for adults and for children who are predisposed to becoming obese as adults. This paper will discuss the significance of obesity in Florida, provide a background of the disease, review current surveillance and reporting methods, conduct a descriptive epidemiological analysis, discuss diagnosis and screening for prevention tools, develop an evidence based plan along with measureable outcomes to address obesity as an advanced practice nurse, and conclude with an overview of the main points presented.
Background and Significance
According to the CDC (2016), obesity is defined as “weight that is higher than what is considered as a healthy weight for a given height.” It involves excessive weight gain and accumulation of fat. In order to determine obesity, Body Mass Index or BMI is used to indirectly calculate a person’s body fat and health risk based on weight in relation to height. A BMI of 25.0 or above is considered overweight and 30.0 or greater is considered obese. Athletes with a greater amount of muscle mass may have a higher BMI even though they do not have excess body fat. Waist circumference is also used as a tool to diagnose obesity.
There are many causes that contribute to obesity, including behavioral, genetic, hormonal, environmental, and social factors. Increase in caloric intake, unhealthy eating habits, decrease in physical activity, certain medications, age, lack of sleep, quitting smoking, pregnancy, and certain medical disorders can contribute to weight gain (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Driving cars has replaced walking and riding bikes, technology has replaced engaging in physical activity, and easy access to cheaper foods has replaced nutritional importance. Most people are aware when weight is gained. Obvious signs and symptoms are tighter clothes, excess fat, and increased weight on a scale. Being overweight or obese increases the risk for many health diseases. Obesity may cause low endurance, breathing issues, excessive sweating, and joint discomfort. It can also lead to diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, coronary heart disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, stroke, depression, and even certain types of cancer such as bowel, breast, and prostate cancer (Mayo Clinic, 2018).
Below is a map that highlights the obesity prevalence across the U.S. in 2016 according to the CDC. There is no significant difference in overall prevalence between men and women. The prevalence of women with a BMI > 35 is 18.3% compared to 12.5% of men. The.
Take-Home Final Exam MPA-730- Health Disease, an.docxperryk1
Take-Home Final Exam
MPA-730- Health Disease, and Medical Care
Chaela Griffin
Professor Dr. Martin
1) According to the textbook, the homeless population is considered to be amongst the vulnerable and populations at risk (Shi & Singh, 2017). In relation to this, in the United States women and children as well as veterans and the severe mental ill comprise majority of the homeless population. Furthermore, in correlation to class notes, vulnerability is determined by the conjunction of three main characteristics: Predisposing, Enabling, and Need. Predisposing characteristics can be defined as attributes that lead to vulnerability that involve demographics—gender, age and race, social structure—geographic location, where a personal spends most of their time, and belief systems (Shi & Singh, pg. 270, 2017). Whereas the characteristic of need can be defined as an individual’s evaluated health status and quality-of-life factors. For example, a need factor could be if a person has HIV or chronic disease. Also, the vulnerable population is comprised of those who are underserved, medically underserved and disadvantaged, underprivileged, and American underclasses. In regards to the homeless population having access to health care is defective, due to the enabling characteristics. For example, enabling characteristics correlate to socio-economic status, individual assets—human capital, and mediating factors such as access to health care. In addition to this, due to the vulnerability and enabling factors the homeless population lack minimum requirements for health insurance (Shi & Singh, 2017). Thus, they are unable to obtain any treatment for their medical needs. Furthermore, this population lacks financial barriers, transportation to travel to and from the medical centers if required, a lack of address and primary care physicians, cannot pick up medication, unsanitary, and unable to be a productive member of society (Shi & Singh, pg. 272, 2017).
In relation to the chart in 11.2, certain populations are at risk for poor physical, psychological, and social health more than others. Some major factors that resonated with me most were: African Americans have 665% higher homicide rates in comparison to non-Hispanic whites, AIDS and Homicide are the two leading causes of death in Hispanics, as well as alcohol use is 43% in Hispanics (Shi & Singh, pg. 273, 2017). The fact presented about African Americans having a 665% homicide rate is eye opening because this is more than a majority so it is more likely some of color will die due to murder. In reference to AIDS and homicide being two leading causes of death was something I did not know prior to reading this textbook, and alcoholism was not much of a surprise but it was unbeknownst to me that 43% of this population is expected to drink (Shi & Singh, pg. 273, 2017). Moreover, Korean Americans have a fivefold incidence of having stomach cancer an.
New approaches for moving upstream how state and local health departments can...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Growing evidence shows that unequal distribution of wealth and power across race, class, and gender produces the differences in living conditions that are “upstream” drivers of health inequalities. Health educators and other public health professionals, however, still develop interventions that focus mainly on “downstream” behavioral risks. Three factors explain the difficulty in translating this knowledge into practice. First, in their allegiance to the status quo, powerful elites often resist upstream policies and programs that redistribute wealth and power. Second, public health practice is often grounded in dominant biomedical and behavioral paradigms, and health departments also face legal and political limits on expanding their scope of activities. Finally, the evidence for the impact of upstream interventions is limited, in part because methodologies for evaluating upstream interventions are less developed. To illustrate strategies to overcome these obstacles, we profile recent campaigns in the United States to enact living wages, prevent mortgage foreclosures, and reduce exposure to air pollution. We then examine how health educators working in state and local health departments can transform their practice to contribute to campaigns that reallocate the wealth and power that shape the living conditions that determine health and health inequalities. We also consider health educators’ role in producing the evidence that can guide transformative expansion of upstream interventions to reduce health inequalities.
Literature Evaluation TableStudent Name Christiana Bona.Summa.docxcroysierkathey
Literature Evaluation Table
Student Name: Christiana Bona.
Summary of Clinical Issue (200-250 words):
Childhood obesity is one of the problems that affect the United States and other developed economies. Obesity among children and youths is widely recognized as an issue that generates a lot of adverse health impacts. For instance, childhood obesity is a major indicator of future mental and physical health problems. In spite of the highest rates of childhood obesity in the country in the last three decades, obesity has been linked to other more serious health problems such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. As nurses and other health professionals continue to grapple with this problem, there are still no clear treatment approaches. Health professionals usually do not have a comprehensive guideline on where to manage the nearly one-third of their populations who present the medical care with obesity that coexists with other medical conditions and problems. Numerous treatment models have been proposed to address this rising public health concern. These approaches often include use of the traditional interventions such as pharmacological interventions. However, overemphasis on one treatment intervention may fail to generate the desired objectives. While the traditional strategies to obesity prevention and management have placed emphasis on medications, wider attention to other dimensions of treatment is necessary. Such treatment interventions may include the multi-tiered or holistic strategies that incorporate both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. For instance, a wider focus should incorporate practices such as assessing the mental health impacts of obesity on the patients. Thus, a public health multi-tiered approach to obesity that emphasizes on promotion, prevention, and individualized interventions are recommended.
PICOT Question: Is the use of multi-tiered approach to the treatment and management of childhood obesity more effective than overreliance on only pharmacological interventions in reducing obesity prevalence rates?
Criteria
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink
Cuda, S. E., & Censani, M. (2018). Pediatric Obesity Algorithm: A Practical Approach to Obesity Diagnosis and Management. Frontiers in pediatrics, 6.
Heerman, W. J., Schludnt, D., Harris, D., Teeters, L., Apple, R., & Barkin, S. L. (2018). Scale-out of a community-based behavioral intervention for childhood obesity: pilot implementation evaluation. BMC public health, 18(1), 498.
Bazyk, S., & Winne, R. (2013). A multi-tiered approach to addressing the mental health issues surrounding obesity in children and youth. Occupational therapy in health care, 27(2), 84-98.
How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question?
The article is relevant to the PICOT question because it proposes the use of algorithms and technological systems that have data on all aspects of a child’s obesity prevention and management st ...
Effects of Community-Based Health WorkerInterventions to Imp.docxSALU18
Effects of Community-Based Health Worker
Interventions to Improve Chronic Disease
Management and Care Among Vulnerable
Populations: A Systematic Review
Kyounghae Kim, RN, MSN, Janet S. Choi, MPH, Eunsuk Choi, RN, PhD, MPH, Carrie L. Nieman, MD, MPH, Jin Hui Joo, MD, MA,
Frank R. Lin, MD, PhD, Laura N. Gitlin, PhD, and Hae-Ra Han, RN, PhD
Background. Community-based health workers (CBHWs) are frontline
public health workers who are trusted members of the community they
serve. Recently, considerable attention has been drawn to CBHWs in pro-
moting healthy behaviors and health outcomes among vulnerable pop-
ulations who often face health inequities.
Objectives. We performed a systematic review to synthesize evidence
concerning the types of CBHW interventions, the qualification and
characteristics of CBHWs, and patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness
of such interventions in vulnerable populations with chronic, non-
communicable conditions.
Search methods. We undertook 4 electronic database searches—PubMed,
EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and
Cochrane—and hand searched reference collections to identify randomized
controlled trials published in English before August 2014.
Selection. We screened a total of 934 unique citations initially for titles
and abstracts. Two reviewers then independently evaluated 166 full-
text articles that were passed onto review processes. Sixty-one studies
and 6 companion articles (e.g., cost-effectiveness analysis) met eligi-
bility criteria for inclusion.
Data collection and analysis. Four trained research assistants extracted
data by using a standardized data extraction form developed by the
authors. Subsequently, an independent research assistant reviewed
extracted data to check accuracy. Discrepancies were resolved through
discussions among the study team members. Each study was evaluated
for its quality by 2 research assistants who extracted relevant study
information. Interrater agreement rates ranged from 61% to 91% (av-
erage 86%). Any discrepancies in terms of quality rating were resolved
through team discussions.
Main results. All but 4 studies were conducted in the United States.
The 2 most common areas for CBHW interventions were cancer pre-
vention (n = 30) and cardiovascular disease risk reduction (n = 26). The
roles assumed by CBHWs included health education (n = 48), counseling
(n = 36), navigation assistance (n = 21), case management (n = 4), social
services (n = 7), and social support (n = 18). Fifty-three studies provided
information regarding CBHW training, yet CBHW competency evalua-
tion (n = 9) and supervision procedures (n = 24) were largely under-
reported. The length and duration of CBHW training ranged from 4
hours to 240 hours with an average of 41.3 hours (median: 16.5 hours) in
24 studies that reported length of training. Eight studies reported the
frequency of supervision, which ranged from weekly to monthly. There ...
Quantitative/Mixed-Methods
American InterContinental University
March 27, 2018
Running head: QUANTITATIVE/MIXED-METHODS
1
QUANTITATIVE/MIXED-METHODS
2
Quantitative/Mixed-Methods
Abstract
Case studies which are done in the field of medicine work towards improving the health of the population. There are some of the parts contained in case studies which are abstract, results, limitations of results, conclusions, and applications. The common statistical methods used in research are descriptive numerical and qualitative thematic analyses. The results of the studies show that equal participation of individuals in the health sector will help boost public health. Limitations of results are that although some strategies may work towards improving health sector, not all of them are effective.
Public health is an important sector in any country for it directly affects the economy of the nation. There need to be certain ways which should be employed with the aim of supporting and improving public health. In this paper, I am going to examine 4 contemporary peer-reviewed articles which employ quantitative or mixed-methods concerning ways on how to improve the health of the public. The interest of the paper is to aid in achieving the best impact in public health sector via using programs which will improve health outcomes drastically. Enhancement of public health will in return help to improve the well-being of populations across the world. Public health awareness on how to avoid unhealthy lifestyles should be created.
In the articles, samples and populations used were appropriate for it showed the real representative of the population at hand. All the samples used in the 4-contemporary peer-reviewed articles fulfilled the rule of thumb hence making them appropriate. The samples used were suitable for they were used to estimate the population parameters for it stood for the entire inhabitants. The samples used were larger but not too large to consume more resources of money and time. The larger sample has helped to produce accurate results making the samples valid and appropriate. The appropriateness of the samples used in these articles, it has been proved via usage of target variance. In using target variance an estimate to be derived from the model eventually attained.
Each article which has been used includes having results, limitations of results, conclusions, and applications. The first contemporary peer-reviewed article is entitled, Refugee women’s involvements of maternity-care facilities in Canada: a methodical review using a description synthesis written by Gina MA Higginbottom, Myfanwy Morgan, Miranda Alexandre, Yvonne Chiu, Joan Forgeron, Deb Kocay and Rubina Barolia. The article was published 11 February 2015. The results show that there needs to have a healthier understanding of the aspects that produce discrepancies in availability, adequacy, and outcomes during parenthood care (Higginbottom, Morgan, Alexandre, Chiu, Forg ...
Dr. William Zubkoff is one of the very few individuals solely involved in active groundwork and practices in order to help people get appropriate healthcare.
Medical Self-care Education for Elders: A Controlled Trial to Evaluate ImpactWilliam Zubkoff
We conducted a trial to evaluate the impact of medical self-care education on 330 elders whose average age was 71. The test group participated in a 13-session educational intervention with
training in clinical medicine, life-style, and use of health services.
The comparison group received a two-hour lecture-demonstration.
Both groups were assessed pre-intervention, post-intervention, and one year after entry.
Find a recent merger or acquisition that has been announced in the.docxMalikPinckney86
Find a recent merger or acquisition that has been announced in the media. What are the implications for the merger or acquisition and plans for implementing the blending firms? Also, evaluate and describe two possible technological innovations that may have led to the merger or acquisition. Would you have obtained this new technology or innovation differently? Why? Include the reference information of the article. Respond substantively to at least two other learners.
.
Find an example of a document that misuses graphics. This can be a d.docxMalikPinckney86
Find an example of a document that misuses graphics. This can be a document that you have received (please blot out any sensitive information and names) or a document that you find on the Internet. Discuss how the graphics are misused and what could be done to better them. Address the three “Cs” of technical writing: Clarity, Conciseness, and Correctness. Add one or two personal experiences with this topic.
.
More Related Content
Similar to Identify and summarize determinants of a public health problem
Obesity is quickly becoming one of the most common chronic.docxhopeaustin33688
Obesity is quickly becoming one of the most common chronic diseases among children. These rates have increased at an alarming rate and is a major public health problem because of related physical and psychological comorbidities, including type II diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and mental health disorders. Dramatic increase in the number of overweight and obese children in recent years.
Studies indicate that children's lives may be shortened as a result of this alarming health problem. Estimates state that for any degree of overweight/obesity, younger adults (20-30 years of age) may have greater years of life lost due to obesity than older adults. Childhood obesity has been determined to be an independent risk factor for adult overweight/obesity.
To combat childhood obesity, there is a great need for public health interventions as well as education parents regarding childhood obesity and its consequences. Parents differ on causation of obesity, and differ in focus on nutrition and physical exercise. Many parents in the research do not see obesity as a barrier to physical activity. The parents need to recognize their child as overweight. Prevention is the most effective method for dealing with this growing health concern. The evidence reviewed, confirmed that family-centered interventions were associated with short-term reduction in obesity and improved medical parameters. The goal should be to involve community resources and provider referrals. Nurse Practitioners have a unique role in being the best facilitators to deliver health messages and are able to educate parents and increase awareness about the causes and consequences of childhood obesity.
Parents of young children need to interact with their child's primary healthcare provider for health advice and preventive health information during regularly scheduled physical examinations. It is up to the parents of these young children to combat intervention strategies such as:
a combination of nutritional and activity information, a cognitive-behavioral aspect to the intervention parent-directed activities
limiting sedentary child behaviors, provide positive approaches with children by parents and practitioners (e.g., emphasize positive rewards for healthy behaviors, encourage self-efficacy)
Future research is required to identify moderators and mediators to produce enduring changes in weight status of children.
The Objective was to determine in children who are at risk for becoming overweight or obese, does education with parental involvement on exercise and nutrition compared to individual education with the child alone decrease the risk of developing obesity and the health problems associated with obesity?
(P) In overweight, obese, or at risk young children (2-18years of age) Is family centered education/treatment interventions
(C) versus control or comparison interventions
(O) more effective in decreasing childhood obesity and compli.
Running Head FINDINGS USED TO MAKE PUBLIC HEALTH PLANNING AND POL.docxcowinhelen
Running Head: FINDINGS USED TO MAKE PUBLIC HEALTH PLANNING AND POLICY DECISIONS 5
Findings Used to Make Public Health Planning and Policy Decisions
Unit 4 - HA560
March 28, 2016
There has been increased concern among policy makers, scientists and communities that health is greatly affected by a number of factors that occur in a person’s lifetime and in multi levels. Prevention is sententious to curb occurrence of any disease within the population, and it has to come first even if access to quality healthcare services is provided. To adequately promote health and prevent diseases, certain policies and factors need to be addressed mostly factors that are related to health behaviors.
Social psychology is all about understanding individuals’ behavior specifically in a social setting. Basically, social psychology focuses on factors that influence people to behave in certain ways in presence of others. The two greatest contributors in the field of social psychology were Allport (1920) and Bandura (1963). To begin with, according to Allport; he argued that the interaction of individuals with others or the presence of social groups can encourage the development of certain behaviors (Kassin, 2014). This is what Allport referred to as social facilitation, in his research he identified that an audience will facilitate the performance of an actor in a well learnt and understood task; however the performance of the same actor will decrease in performance on difficult tasks which are newly learnt, and this is contributed by social inhibition. The second contributor in the field of social psychology is Bandura (1963), in his work he developed a notion that behavior in the social world could be possibly modeled, and this is what he referred to as social learning theory. He gave his explanation with three groups of children who were watching a video where in the video an adult showed aggressiveness towards a “bobo doll” and the adults who displayed such behavior were awarded by another adult or were just punished. Therefore Bandura found that children who saw the adult being rewarded were found to be more likely to imitate that adult’s behavior.
Certain theories plays important roles in health assessment, and a theory is defined as a collection of concepts in specific area of concern or interest in the world that need explanations, intervening and prediction. Theories need to be backed up with evidence that tend to explain why things will happen in relation to current situations, and followed with some actions to turn situations in certain desirable ways. Health assessment can be defined as a plan of care that recognizes specific person’s health needs and how such needs will be addressed by healthcare system or any other health institutions (Jarvis, 2008). Generally, health assessment is the evaluation of health status through examination of physical and psychological concerns after looking at the health history of the victim assess ...
The Effect of a Pilot Nutrition Education Intervention on Perc.docxmehek4
The Effect of a Pilot Nutrition Education Intervention on Perceived Cancer Risk
in a Rural Texas Community
Liliana Correa, MS', Debra B. Reed, PhD, RDN, LD:, Barent N. McCool, PhD3, Mary Murimi, PhD, RDN, LD2, Conrad
Lyford, PhD4
'Former M.S. Nutritional Sciences Graduate Student, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
departm ent of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
departm ent of Hospitality and Retail Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
departm ent of Agricultural & Applied Economics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
Correspondence to:
Debra B. Reed, PhD, RDN, LD
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
Background: A high consumption o f fruits, vegetables, and whole
grain foods and adequate levels o f physical activity are associated
with a lower risk o f obesity and lower risk o f lifestyle cancers. Re
search suggests that rural communities have a high risk o f unhealthy
behaviors that may contribute to excessive weight gain and risk o f
lifestyle related cancers. The purpose o f this pilot study was to deter
mine the effect o f an educational intervention in a rural Texas com
munity on the intermediate outcomes o f eating behavior (increasing
the intake o f fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods) and physical
activity behavior, and the distal outcome o f body mass index (BM1).
Methods: The intervention, guided by the Social Cognitive Theory,
was implemented over a 10-month period and included a variety o f
community-based education activities related to nutrition, physical
activity, and cancer in a variety o f settings. The effect o f the inter
vention was assessed by analyzing pre- and post-data (N=67) using
independent and paired samples t-tests and bivariate correlations.
Results: Participants were mainly Hispanic (53.7%) and White
(44.8%). At pre-intervention, 6% o f participants reported consuming
>5 servings o f fruits and vegetables daily, 19.4% consumed >3 serv
ings o f whole grain foods daily, and 85.1% were either overweight
or obese. Only 31% o f participants were aware that cancer risk was
related to overweight at pre-intervention. At post-intervention, His-
panics showed a significant increase in the consumption o f fruits and
vegetables (p<0.05). Participation in sports or physical activity pro
grams showed a significant increase (p<0.05). However, no signifi
cant decrease in BM1 was shown.
Conclusion: This intervention had a limited effect in increasing tar
geted behaviors and no effect on reducing BMI. More assessment is
needed in this rural community to identify barriers to healthy behav
iors and to improve interventions to increase consumption o f fruits,
vegetables, and whole grain foods, levels o f physical activity, and
awareness o f the cancer and obesity relationship.
INTRODUCTION
During the last 20 years, there has been an increase in the rates o f
excessive weight in the U.S. population with more than 69% o f the
adult population classified as overwei ...
Group Identity and Unhealthy Food Consumption among College Students: the The...inventionjournals
Theresearch suggests that peers on campus are important reference groups for college students’ unhealthy behavior, including unhealthy eating behavior. Guided by the Theory of Normative Social Behavior, the current study examined the role of group identity in the descriptive norms and unhealthy food consumption link. The results suggest that the magnitude of the association between descriptive norms and unhealthy food consumption was greater as group identity with same-sex students on campus became stronger. The findings demonstrate that students were likely to model unhealthy food consumption of same-sex peers on campus.
1
Running head: OBESITY
3
Running head: OBESITY
Obesity
Lauren Urquiza
Chamberlain University
NR503 Population Health, Epidemiology, & Statistical Principles
January 2018
Obesity
Obesity is a chronic medical condition and a significant health concern in the United States that is increasing worldwide. More than one third of the adults in the U.S. are obese. It is a leading cause of preventable illness and death (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). This global epidemic is a leading concern for adults and for children who are predisposed to becoming obese as adults. This paper will discuss the significance of obesity in Florida, provide a background of the disease, review current surveillance and reporting methods, conduct a descriptive epidemiological analysis, discuss diagnosis and screening for prevention tools, develop an evidence based plan along with measureable outcomes to address obesity as an advanced practice nurse, and conclude with an overview of the main points presented.
Background and Significance
According to the CDC (2016), obesity is defined as “weight that is higher than what is considered as a healthy weight for a given height.” It involves excessive weight gain and accumulation of fat. In order to determine obesity, Body Mass Index or BMI is used to indirectly calculate a person’s body fat and health risk based on weight in relation to height. A BMI of 25.0 or above is considered overweight and 30.0 or greater is considered obese. Athletes with a greater amount of muscle mass may have a higher BMI even though they do not have excess body fat. Waist circumference is also used as a tool to diagnose obesity.
There are many causes that contribute to obesity, including behavioral, genetic, hormonal, environmental, and social factors. Increase in caloric intake, unhealthy eating habits, decrease in physical activity, certain medications, age, lack of sleep, quitting smoking, pregnancy, and certain medical disorders can contribute to weight gain (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Driving cars has replaced walking and riding bikes, technology has replaced engaging in physical activity, and easy access to cheaper foods has replaced nutritional importance. Most people are aware when weight is gained. Obvious signs and symptoms are tighter clothes, excess fat, and increased weight on a scale. Being overweight or obese increases the risk for many health diseases. Obesity may cause low endurance, breathing issues, excessive sweating, and joint discomfort. It can also lead to diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, coronary heart disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, stroke, depression, and even certain types of cancer such as bowel, breast, and prostate cancer (Mayo Clinic, 2018).
Below is a map that highlights the obesity prevalence across the U.S. in 2016 according to the CDC. There is no significant difference in overall prevalence between men and women. The prevalence of women with a BMI > 35 ...
1Running head OBESITY 4Running head OBESITY.docxvickeryr87
1
Running head: OBESITY
4
Running head: OBESITY
Obesity
NR503 Population Health, Epidemiology, & Statistical Principles
January 2018
Obesity
Obesity is a chronic medical condition and a significant health concern in the United States that is increasing worldwide. More than one third of the adults in the U.S. are obese. It is a leading cause of preventable illness and death (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). This global epidemic is a leading concern for adults and for children who are predisposed to becoming obese as adults. This paper will discuss the significance of obesity in Florida, provide a background of the disease, review current surveillance and reporting methods, conduct a descriptive epidemiological analysis, discuss diagnosis and screening for prevention tools, develop an evidence based plan along with measureable outcomes to address obesity as an advanced practice nurse, and conclude with an overview of the main points presented.
Background and Significance
According to the CDC (2016), obesity is defined as “weight that is higher than what is considered as a healthy weight for a given height.” It involves excessive weight gain and accumulation of fat. In order to determine obesity, Body Mass Index or BMI is used to indirectly calculate a person’s body fat and health risk based on weight in relation to height. A BMI of 25.0 or above is considered overweight and 30.0 or greater is considered obese. Athletes with a greater amount of muscle mass may have a higher BMI even though they do not have excess body fat. Waist circumference is also used as a tool to diagnose obesity.
There are many causes that contribute to obesity, including behavioral, genetic, hormonal, environmental, and social factors. Increase in caloric intake, unhealthy eating habits, decrease in physical activity, certain medications, age, lack of sleep, quitting smoking, pregnancy, and certain medical disorders can contribute to weight gain (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Driving cars has replaced walking and riding bikes, technology has replaced engaging in physical activity, and easy access to cheaper foods has replaced nutritional importance. Most people are aware when weight is gained. Obvious signs and symptoms are tighter clothes, excess fat, and increased weight on a scale. Being overweight or obese increases the risk for many health diseases. Obesity may cause low endurance, breathing issues, excessive sweating, and joint discomfort. It can also lead to diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, coronary heart disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, stroke, depression, and even certain types of cancer such as bowel, breast, and prostate cancer (Mayo Clinic, 2018).
Below is a map that highlights the obesity prevalence across the U.S. in 2016 according to the CDC. There is no significant difference in overall prevalence between men and women. The prevalence of women with a BMI > 35 is 18.3% compared to 12.5% of men. The.
Take-Home Final Exam MPA-730- Health Disease, an.docxperryk1
Take-Home Final Exam
MPA-730- Health Disease, and Medical Care
Chaela Griffin
Professor Dr. Martin
1) According to the textbook, the homeless population is considered to be amongst the vulnerable and populations at risk (Shi & Singh, 2017). In relation to this, in the United States women and children as well as veterans and the severe mental ill comprise majority of the homeless population. Furthermore, in correlation to class notes, vulnerability is determined by the conjunction of three main characteristics: Predisposing, Enabling, and Need. Predisposing characteristics can be defined as attributes that lead to vulnerability that involve demographics—gender, age and race, social structure—geographic location, where a personal spends most of their time, and belief systems (Shi & Singh, pg. 270, 2017). Whereas the characteristic of need can be defined as an individual’s evaluated health status and quality-of-life factors. For example, a need factor could be if a person has HIV or chronic disease. Also, the vulnerable population is comprised of those who are underserved, medically underserved and disadvantaged, underprivileged, and American underclasses. In regards to the homeless population having access to health care is defective, due to the enabling characteristics. For example, enabling characteristics correlate to socio-economic status, individual assets—human capital, and mediating factors such as access to health care. In addition to this, due to the vulnerability and enabling factors the homeless population lack minimum requirements for health insurance (Shi & Singh, 2017). Thus, they are unable to obtain any treatment for their medical needs. Furthermore, this population lacks financial barriers, transportation to travel to and from the medical centers if required, a lack of address and primary care physicians, cannot pick up medication, unsanitary, and unable to be a productive member of society (Shi & Singh, pg. 272, 2017).
In relation to the chart in 11.2, certain populations are at risk for poor physical, psychological, and social health more than others. Some major factors that resonated with me most were: African Americans have 665% higher homicide rates in comparison to non-Hispanic whites, AIDS and Homicide are the two leading causes of death in Hispanics, as well as alcohol use is 43% in Hispanics (Shi & Singh, pg. 273, 2017). The fact presented about African Americans having a 665% homicide rate is eye opening because this is more than a majority so it is more likely some of color will die due to murder. In reference to AIDS and homicide being two leading causes of death was something I did not know prior to reading this textbook, and alcoholism was not much of a surprise but it was unbeknownst to me that 43% of this population is expected to drink (Shi & Singh, pg. 273, 2017). Moreover, Korean Americans have a fivefold incidence of having stomach cancer an.
New approaches for moving upstream how state and local health departments can...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Growing evidence shows that unequal distribution of wealth and power across race, class, and gender produces the differences in living conditions that are “upstream” drivers of health inequalities. Health educators and other public health professionals, however, still develop interventions that focus mainly on “downstream” behavioral risks. Three factors explain the difficulty in translating this knowledge into practice. First, in their allegiance to the status quo, powerful elites often resist upstream policies and programs that redistribute wealth and power. Second, public health practice is often grounded in dominant biomedical and behavioral paradigms, and health departments also face legal and political limits on expanding their scope of activities. Finally, the evidence for the impact of upstream interventions is limited, in part because methodologies for evaluating upstream interventions are less developed. To illustrate strategies to overcome these obstacles, we profile recent campaigns in the United States to enact living wages, prevent mortgage foreclosures, and reduce exposure to air pollution. We then examine how health educators working in state and local health departments can transform their practice to contribute to campaigns that reallocate the wealth and power that shape the living conditions that determine health and health inequalities. We also consider health educators’ role in producing the evidence that can guide transformative expansion of upstream interventions to reduce health inequalities.
Literature Evaluation TableStudent Name Christiana Bona.Summa.docxcroysierkathey
Literature Evaluation Table
Student Name: Christiana Bona.
Summary of Clinical Issue (200-250 words):
Childhood obesity is one of the problems that affect the United States and other developed economies. Obesity among children and youths is widely recognized as an issue that generates a lot of adverse health impacts. For instance, childhood obesity is a major indicator of future mental and physical health problems. In spite of the highest rates of childhood obesity in the country in the last three decades, obesity has been linked to other more serious health problems such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. As nurses and other health professionals continue to grapple with this problem, there are still no clear treatment approaches. Health professionals usually do not have a comprehensive guideline on where to manage the nearly one-third of their populations who present the medical care with obesity that coexists with other medical conditions and problems. Numerous treatment models have been proposed to address this rising public health concern. These approaches often include use of the traditional interventions such as pharmacological interventions. However, overemphasis on one treatment intervention may fail to generate the desired objectives. While the traditional strategies to obesity prevention and management have placed emphasis on medications, wider attention to other dimensions of treatment is necessary. Such treatment interventions may include the multi-tiered or holistic strategies that incorporate both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. For instance, a wider focus should incorporate practices such as assessing the mental health impacts of obesity on the patients. Thus, a public health multi-tiered approach to obesity that emphasizes on promotion, prevention, and individualized interventions are recommended.
PICOT Question: Is the use of multi-tiered approach to the treatment and management of childhood obesity more effective than overreliance on only pharmacological interventions in reducing obesity prevalence rates?
Criteria
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink
Cuda, S. E., & Censani, M. (2018). Pediatric Obesity Algorithm: A Practical Approach to Obesity Diagnosis and Management. Frontiers in pediatrics, 6.
Heerman, W. J., Schludnt, D., Harris, D., Teeters, L., Apple, R., & Barkin, S. L. (2018). Scale-out of a community-based behavioral intervention for childhood obesity: pilot implementation evaluation. BMC public health, 18(1), 498.
Bazyk, S., & Winne, R. (2013). A multi-tiered approach to addressing the mental health issues surrounding obesity in children and youth. Occupational therapy in health care, 27(2), 84-98.
How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question?
The article is relevant to the PICOT question because it proposes the use of algorithms and technological systems that have data on all aspects of a child’s obesity prevention and management st ...
Effects of Community-Based Health WorkerInterventions to Imp.docxSALU18
Effects of Community-Based Health Worker
Interventions to Improve Chronic Disease
Management and Care Among Vulnerable
Populations: A Systematic Review
Kyounghae Kim, RN, MSN, Janet S. Choi, MPH, Eunsuk Choi, RN, PhD, MPH, Carrie L. Nieman, MD, MPH, Jin Hui Joo, MD, MA,
Frank R. Lin, MD, PhD, Laura N. Gitlin, PhD, and Hae-Ra Han, RN, PhD
Background. Community-based health workers (CBHWs) are frontline
public health workers who are trusted members of the community they
serve. Recently, considerable attention has been drawn to CBHWs in pro-
moting healthy behaviors and health outcomes among vulnerable pop-
ulations who often face health inequities.
Objectives. We performed a systematic review to synthesize evidence
concerning the types of CBHW interventions, the qualification and
characteristics of CBHWs, and patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness
of such interventions in vulnerable populations with chronic, non-
communicable conditions.
Search methods. We undertook 4 electronic database searches—PubMed,
EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and
Cochrane—and hand searched reference collections to identify randomized
controlled trials published in English before August 2014.
Selection. We screened a total of 934 unique citations initially for titles
and abstracts. Two reviewers then independently evaluated 166 full-
text articles that were passed onto review processes. Sixty-one studies
and 6 companion articles (e.g., cost-effectiveness analysis) met eligi-
bility criteria for inclusion.
Data collection and analysis. Four trained research assistants extracted
data by using a standardized data extraction form developed by the
authors. Subsequently, an independent research assistant reviewed
extracted data to check accuracy. Discrepancies were resolved through
discussions among the study team members. Each study was evaluated
for its quality by 2 research assistants who extracted relevant study
information. Interrater agreement rates ranged from 61% to 91% (av-
erage 86%). Any discrepancies in terms of quality rating were resolved
through team discussions.
Main results. All but 4 studies were conducted in the United States.
The 2 most common areas for CBHW interventions were cancer pre-
vention (n = 30) and cardiovascular disease risk reduction (n = 26). The
roles assumed by CBHWs included health education (n = 48), counseling
(n = 36), navigation assistance (n = 21), case management (n = 4), social
services (n = 7), and social support (n = 18). Fifty-three studies provided
information regarding CBHW training, yet CBHW competency evalua-
tion (n = 9) and supervision procedures (n = 24) were largely under-
reported. The length and duration of CBHW training ranged from 4
hours to 240 hours with an average of 41.3 hours (median: 16.5 hours) in
24 studies that reported length of training. Eight studies reported the
frequency of supervision, which ranged from weekly to monthly. There ...
Quantitative/Mixed-Methods
American InterContinental University
March 27, 2018
Running head: QUANTITATIVE/MIXED-METHODS
1
QUANTITATIVE/MIXED-METHODS
2
Quantitative/Mixed-Methods
Abstract
Case studies which are done in the field of medicine work towards improving the health of the population. There are some of the parts contained in case studies which are abstract, results, limitations of results, conclusions, and applications. The common statistical methods used in research are descriptive numerical and qualitative thematic analyses. The results of the studies show that equal participation of individuals in the health sector will help boost public health. Limitations of results are that although some strategies may work towards improving health sector, not all of them are effective.
Public health is an important sector in any country for it directly affects the economy of the nation. There need to be certain ways which should be employed with the aim of supporting and improving public health. In this paper, I am going to examine 4 contemporary peer-reviewed articles which employ quantitative or mixed-methods concerning ways on how to improve the health of the public. The interest of the paper is to aid in achieving the best impact in public health sector via using programs which will improve health outcomes drastically. Enhancement of public health will in return help to improve the well-being of populations across the world. Public health awareness on how to avoid unhealthy lifestyles should be created.
In the articles, samples and populations used were appropriate for it showed the real representative of the population at hand. All the samples used in the 4-contemporary peer-reviewed articles fulfilled the rule of thumb hence making them appropriate. The samples used were suitable for they were used to estimate the population parameters for it stood for the entire inhabitants. The samples used were larger but not too large to consume more resources of money and time. The larger sample has helped to produce accurate results making the samples valid and appropriate. The appropriateness of the samples used in these articles, it has been proved via usage of target variance. In using target variance an estimate to be derived from the model eventually attained.
Each article which has been used includes having results, limitations of results, conclusions, and applications. The first contemporary peer-reviewed article is entitled, Refugee women’s involvements of maternity-care facilities in Canada: a methodical review using a description synthesis written by Gina MA Higginbottom, Myfanwy Morgan, Miranda Alexandre, Yvonne Chiu, Joan Forgeron, Deb Kocay and Rubina Barolia. The article was published 11 February 2015. The results show that there needs to have a healthier understanding of the aspects that produce discrepancies in availability, adequacy, and outcomes during parenthood care (Higginbottom, Morgan, Alexandre, Chiu, Forg ...
Dr. William Zubkoff is one of the very few individuals solely involved in active groundwork and practices in order to help people get appropriate healthcare.
Medical Self-care Education for Elders: A Controlled Trial to Evaluate ImpactWilliam Zubkoff
We conducted a trial to evaluate the impact of medical self-care education on 330 elders whose average age was 71. The test group participated in a 13-session educational intervention with
training in clinical medicine, life-style, and use of health services.
The comparison group received a two-hour lecture-demonstration.
Both groups were assessed pre-intervention, post-intervention, and one year after entry.
Similar to Identify and summarize determinants of a public health problem (20)
Find a recent merger or acquisition that has been announced in the.docxMalikPinckney86
Find a recent merger or acquisition that has been announced in the media. What are the implications for the merger or acquisition and plans for implementing the blending firms? Also, evaluate and describe two possible technological innovations that may have led to the merger or acquisition. Would you have obtained this new technology or innovation differently? Why? Include the reference information of the article. Respond substantively to at least two other learners.
.
Find an example of a document that misuses graphics. This can be a d.docxMalikPinckney86
Find an example of a document that misuses graphics. This can be a document that you have received (please blot out any sensitive information and names) or a document that you find on the Internet. Discuss how the graphics are misused and what could be done to better them. Address the three “Cs” of technical writing: Clarity, Conciseness, and Correctness. Add one or two personal experiences with this topic.
.
Find a scholarly research study from the Ashford University Library .docxMalikPinckney86
Find a scholarly research study from the Ashford University Library that uses measurement scales for data collection (e.g., a survey). Explain the measurement scales that the study used, and evaluate them. Did you think the researchers made good decisions about the scales? Why or why not? Cite the study in your post, and document it in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center
.
Find a work of visual art, architecture, or literature from either A.docxMalikPinckney86
Find a work of visual art, architecture, or literature from either Ancient Greece or Rome that appeals to you. Ensure that your choice was created in the time frames identified here. It should not simply be a depiction of something in this time period.
In your initial post, describe where you can see the influence of your work of art in modern and contemporary times. What elements (its style, ideas, purpose, principles) can we see reflected in the world today, in art or in other areas, including government, philosophy, social structure, and entertainment?
.
Find a real-life” example of one of the following institutions. Exa.docxMalikPinckney86
Find a “real-life” example of one of the following institutions. Examples can be found in every state. A simple search for “Department of Corrections” is a good place to start.
Medium-Security Adult Male Institution
Regional Parole and Probation Office Team
Correctional Training Academy Team
Juvenile Justice Male Correctional Institution
Community Correctional Institution
Supermax Correctional Institution
Correctional Education Program of a State Correctional System
Correctional Mental Health Program of a State Correctional System
Medium/Minimum-Security Adult Female Institution
Large County Detention Center (County Jail)
Introduce your institution by identifying the following:
1) Name
2) Mission statement (if published)
3) Population served (number and demographics)
4) Examples of programs offered
5) Number of uniformed personnel and other staff members
Then develop a strategic plan considering the major themes of
Communication; Coordination (formal channels); and Cooperation (informal):
Include in your plan the following:
1) Four (4) organizational objectives (these can be future goals over a 1, 5, or 10-year period)
2) Strategies to address each of the objectives
3) At least 1 employee
or
inmate program that helps to achieve each objective
4) A method for assessing success for each objective
The final work product can include photographs, charts, graphics, or any other appropriate elements to enhance the effectiveness of your presentation
.
Find a listing of expenses by diagnosis or by procedure. The source .docxMalikPinckney86
Find a listing of expenses by diagnosis or by procedure. The source of the list can be internal (within a health care facility of some type) or external (such as a published article, report, or survey). Comment upon whether you believe the expense grouping used is appropriate. Would you have grouped the expenses in another way?
.
Financial Reporting Problem and spreedsheet exercise.This is an.docxMalikPinckney86
Financial Reporting Problem and spreedsheet exercise.
This is an comanding assignment. I am willing to pay good money because I need this assignment to be done correctly and on time. Please review the assignment before sending me an handshake.
**Serious inquires only***
Please see attachment for the assignment.
.
Find a Cybersecurity-related current event that happned THIS WEEK, a.docxMalikPinckney86
Find a Cybersecurity-related current event that happned THIS WEEK, activity, or development in the news. In your discussion post, briefly summarize the event and reflect on its significance. You should use any legitimate news source (television, internet, periodicals, etc.) to support your topical input.
Questions to address might include:
How does the event relate to issues addressed in class?
How might similar situations be mitigated?
What is the broader impact of the event (e.g., nationally, globally, etc.)
Include a link to the story or a citation so that others may read the story.
.
Financing Health Care in a Time of Insurance Restructuring Pleas.docxMalikPinckney86
"
Financing Health Care in a Time of Insurance Restructuring" Please respond to the following:
Analyze the impact of the ACA on changes to health care insurance and coverage. Investigate the major implications of the legislation on the manner in which institutions now provide health care in the U.S.
(NO MORE THAN 200 WORDS ALLOWED)
.
Financing International Trade Please respond to the followingCom.docxMalikPinckney86
Financing International Trade" Please respond to the following:
Compare two (2) methods that a company can use in order to finance international trade. Examine the advantages and disadvantages of financing with a portfolio of currencies. Provide two (2) examples of how companies or MNCs finance international transactions by using their own
bank
” or by keeping currencies on hand (marketable securities).
Analyze Interest Rate Parity (IRP) and two (2) methods for forecasting exchange rates. Determine the primary manner in which they all affect a company’s short-term financing decision. Support your response with one (1) example of the manner in which IRP and forecasting exchange rates methods affect a company’s short-term financing decision.
.
Financial Statement Analysis and DisclosuresDiscuss the import.docxMalikPinckney86
Financial Statement Analysis and Disclosures
Discuss the importance of financial statement analysis, and determine why it is important to investors and creditors.
Imagine you are considering investing in a corporation.
Suggest what key information you would look for in a company’s financial statements, and explain why this information is important to you.
From the e-Activity, highlight the main elements that primary disclosure accounting policies encompass, and provide at least two (2) examples of the most commonly required disclosures.
Give your opinion on the way in which the disclosures you identified are important to financial statement users.
Provide a rationale for your opinion.
e-Activity
Go to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Website to review authoritative guidance on “accounting policy disclosures”, located at
http://www.ifrs.org
in the search engine type in “accounting policy disclosures”.
Be prepared to discuss.
.
Financial Ratios what are the limitations of financial ratios .docxMalikPinckney86
Financial Ratios
what are the limitations of financial ratios? Classify your answer into at least the following categories: liquidity ratios, activity ratios, leverage ratios, and profitability ratios.
Financial Analysis
R.E.C. Inc.’s staff of accountants finished preparing the financial statements for 2010 and will meet next week with the company’s CEO as well as the Director of Investor Relations and representatives from the marketing and art departments to design the current year’s annual report. Write a paragraph in which you present the main idea(s) you think the company should present to shareholders in the annual report. Why do you think those ideas should be included?
.
Financial mangers make decisions today that will affect the firm i.docxMalikPinckney86
Financial mangers make decisions today that will affect the firm in the future. The dollars used for investment expenditures made today are different from the cash flows to be realized in the future. What are these differences? What are some of the techniques that can be used to adjust for these differences?
.
Financial Laws and RegulationsComplete an APA formatted 2 page pap.docxMalikPinckney86
Financial Laws and Regulations
Complete an APA formatted 2 page paper (not including the title and reference pages) answering the following questions:
What are five elements pertaining to the establishment of a false claim under the False Claims Act?
HIPAA privacy standards were designed to accomplish what three broad objectives? Explain each.
Stark II laws prohibit physician referrals to entities in which the physician has a financial relationship. What are 10 specific designated health services (DHS) for which referrals by physicians who have financial relationships with the entity providing the DHS are prohibited?
Discuss the following:
Qui tam
HIPAA Privacy Rule
EMTALA
Compliance programs
.
Financial Management DiscussionWhen reviewing the financial st.docxMalikPinckney86
Financial Management Discussion
When reviewing the financial statements of a company, there are many different ratios to choose from. Choose a ratio that looks at liquidity, solvency and profitability and discuss its importance.
75- 150 words required.
.
Final Written Art Project (500 words) carefully and creatively wri.docxMalikPinckney86
Final Written Art Project (500 words) carefully and creatively written words and sentences. Artist Statement (250 words)
WRITTEN ART PROJECT
Create a disjunctive or non-narrative piece
that engages all three aspects of reality that we have been discussing throughout the quarter: 1) larger political, social, and economic realities 2) personal or human dramatic situation and 3) detritus of existence. Make sure each of these are well represented and that they do not merely serve as a backdrop or props for other parts of your piece. In other words, make sure each of these aspects of reality is given its due as determining of your or others reality.
Possible Strategies and Advice:
Switch between first and third person perspectives. Make use of actual seeings—what you see. Describe and only occasionally explain or meditate. Meditate a great deal but be sure you are specific . Enact and don’t preach.
Create a concept (a title for your piece) that gives the reader a sense of the intent of your work.
This concept should serve to suggest complementary or conflictual relations between the different parts of your piece. Ultimately in placing all your parts together, in proximity to one another, you want the “whole” to be greater than the sum of the parts.
ARTIST STATEMENT
Please describe the intent of your piece and how you think its disjunctive form allows you to create a sense of reality that you wish to create. Please consider key words and concepts from the module syllabus as well as the ideas that have emerged from course discussions and thought challenges. You might also find these artist’s statements of use:
Chekov
Remove everything that has no relevance to the story. If you say in the first chapter that there is a rifle hanging on the wall, in the second or third chapter it absolutely must go off. If it’s not going to be fired, it shouldn’t be hanging there.
Marguerite Duras
Sometimes I realize that if writing isn’t, all things, all contraries confounded, a quest for vanity and void, it’s nothing. (
The Lover,
8)
Leslie Scalapino
I intended this writing to be the repetition of historically real events the writing of which punches a hole in reality. . . . There was when writing the work something else going interiorily besides what’s going on in segments.
.
Final Research Paper Research the responsibility of a critical t.docxMalikPinckney86
Final Research Paper
Research the responsibility of a critical thinker in a contemporary society. You may choose any topic that deals with a contemporary social concern. Examine the principles of critical thought in relation to the chosen societal concern, and consider the importance of ethics, moral reasoning, a research-based process to search for truth, and the advantages of information technology in gathering data.
Potential social concerns include, but are not limited to health (e.g., obesity, smoking, or underage drinking), poverty (e.g., homelessness, basic needs, or transportation issues), family relations and dynamics (e.g., teen violence, physical abuse, depression, or suicide), social media (e.g., privacy), immigration (e.g., illegal), and education (e.g., plagiarism and/or cheating).
.
Financial management homeworkUnit III Financial Planning, .docxMalikPinckney86
Financial management homework
Unit III
Financial Planning, the Financial System and Governance
Review:
Learning Activities (Non-Graded):
See Study Guide
Read:
Chapter 4:
Financial Planning
Chapter 5:
The Financial System, Corporate Governance, Interest, and the Financial Crisis of 2008
Submit:
.
Final ProjectThe Final Project should demonstrate an understanding.docxMalikPinckney86
Final Project
The Final Project should demonstrate an understanding of the reading assignments, class discussions, your own research and the application of new knowledge. It should utilize previous skills developed in foundational health care courses and apply them within the context and viewpoint of a health care administrator and their role in managing health and human services.
For the Final Project, select one of the following topics and conduct scholarly and professional research while integrating the course’s learning outcomes to address a selected topic:
Research specific leadership and management traits and theories necessary for managing a multidisciplinary and multicultural health care organization to promote organizational effectiveness.
Present how strategic planning, performance improvement, and information systems are interrelated and fundamental to the delivery of quality health care.
Examine the financial characteristics of health care delivery along with managing costs, revenues, and human resources.
Analyze ethical and legal concepts, including specific federal regulations, required of health care organizations to ensure the delivery of high quality health care that protects patient safety.
Research Requirements
Academic research and papers must meet certain standards of quality that are recognized by the academic community. What constitutes quality academic research?
The use of primary (original), credible sources written by experts in the field of study.
Ensuring secondary sources are supported by research in primary sources.
Making sure all research is relevant and that material used is pertinent to the area of study.
In graduate work, the use of peer-reviewed journal articles (journal articles reviewed by recognized experts in the relevant field of study) is required.
Keep in mind that educational websites may be appropriate, in some cases, but should be evaluated carefully.
The Ashford University Library offers many excellent databases and other resources to assist you in conducting scholarly research.
What sources are not acceptable for academic research and referencing?
Encyclopedias
Dictionaries
Wikipedia, other wikis, or blogs
Websites and other sources that do not provide quality researched materials (e.g., they do not use credible sources to support the information in the document).
All research must reflect professional academic protocol and must be documented according to APA standards as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Creating the Final Project
You may choose to present your research is the form of an eight- to ten-page research paper (excluding title and reference pages) or a comprehensive 10- to 15-slide PowerPoint presentation (excluding title and reference slides) with detailed speaker notes. In either case, the content of the assignment must include each of the elements listed below:
Introduction
Describe the issue. Include why it was selected, the perspective of your appr.
Final ProjectImagine that you work for a health department and hav.docxMalikPinckney86
Final Project
Imagine that you work for a health department and have been asked to make a presentation to a group of health care professionals on the role and responsibilities of community and public health.
After reviewing the materials throughout the course and based on what you have learned, create a PowerPoint presentation of at least six slides that covers the following topics:
Describe the role of community and public health in the well-being of populations.
Describe the public health organizational structure.
Examine the legal and ethical dimensions of public and community health services.
Analyze funding of public and community health services.
Discuss the role of communication in community and public health programs.
Creating the Final Project
The Final Project:
Must be created using a screencast program such as Jing, Screencast-O-Matic, Screenr, or other audio/video program.
Must be a minimum of six PowerPoint slides in length (excluding title and reference slide), and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a title slide with the following:
Title of presentation
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must include a succinct thesis that is presented on the opening slide.
Must address the topics with critical thought.
Must use at least four scholarly sources (not including the course text), including a minimum of two from academic journals found in the Ashford University Library. Other sources should be obtained from appropriate epidemiological information.
Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate reference slide, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Identify and summarize determinants of a public health problem
1. Identify and summarize determinants of a public health
problem:
individual/ biological, interpersonal/
Intrapersonal Factors: involve an individual's beliefs, attitudes,
and knowledge about a health condition.
Lifestyle Causal Beliefs about Obesity
when categorized as ‘some'/‘a lot', 94% of participants held not
exercising causal beliefs, 95% held overeating causal beliefs,
90% held eating certain types of food causal beliefs, 70% held
chemicals in food causal beliefs, and 41% held smoking causal
beliefs about obesity, compared to the 69% who held genetic
causal beliefs about obesity. There were few associations
between lifestyle causal beliefs about obesity and any of the
sociodemographic or health-related characteristics assessed.
Genetic Causal Beliefs about Obesity-Related Diseases
Overall, 82% of participants held genetic causal beliefs about
type 2 diabetes (fig. 2), 79% about heart disease (fig. 3) and
75% about cancer (fig. 4), when categorized as ‘some/a lot.'
table 3 shows that there were very few associations with
participant sociodemographic or health-related
characteristics.(all threse from
https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/343793)
This study is based on the Ecological Systems Theory and
Family and Community Systems perspectives, which emphasize
the need to consider the effects of individual, family,
community, and societal factors on health and social outcomes
(Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 1988; Campbell, Hesketh, &
Davison, 2010; Elder et al., 2007; Fulkerson et al., 2015;
Novilla, Barnes, De La Cruz, Williams, & Rogers, 2006;
Valente, 2012).
This study contributes to the literature in several ways and
2. emphasizes that peers and families are important sources of
influence when it comes to healthy eating and choices of
activities in young adolescents. Specifically, adolescents who
reported a stronger connection with their family also engaged
more frequently in physical activity than adolescents who
reported lower familism. The benefits of targeting the family as
part of lifestyle interventions are well established (Epstein,
Paluch, Roemmich, & Beecher, 2007; Skelton, Buehler, Irby, &
Grzywacz, 2012; St Jeor, Perumean-Chaney, Sigman-Grant,
Williams, & Foreyt, 2002). The rationale underlying family-
centered approaches is that modification of the youth’s
environment is necessary to change and maintain children’s
healthy habits. As a primary source of socialization, parents not
only influence youths’ healthy lifestyle in providing access to
resources and in modeling and reinforcing healthy habits, but
they also provide the basis for the development of healthy peer
relationships. Conceivably, stronger family connections may
operate directly on young adolescents’ physical activity, but
also indirectly in establishing the foundations for healthy peer
relationships, which in turn promote healthier diet and a less
sedentary lifestyle.
Furthermore, adolescents who reported higher PSF had a
healthier diet and spent less time engaging in screen behavior
than adolescents with lower peer social functioning . Findings
are consistent with the protective power of friendships in other
areas, such as smoking, drug and alcohol use, bullying, and
other peer difficulties (Bollmer, Milich, Harris, & Maras, 2005;
Fang et al., 1996; Forster, Grigsby, Bunyan, Unger, & Valente,
2015; Powers, Ressler, & Bradley, 2009). Our findings extend
work in this area and suggest that helping adolescents develop
healthy peer relationships may, in part, lead to healthier eating
habits and protect them against a sedentary
lifestyle(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC60755
37/)
3. , community,
The Healthy Weights Initiative Program is free, community-
based obesity reduction program, which works on physical
activity and dietary behavior. It addresses the importance of
social support as a factor that played a major role in adherence
to completion of HWI program. 79% of participants showed
positive results in completing the program during 24
weeks(from https://www.dovepress.com/the-importance-of-
community-consultation-and-social-support-in-adherin-peer-
reviewed-fulltext-article-PPA#ref45).
The importance of social support
Having social support was an important factor for adherence in
HWI and is supported in the literature. In a previous study,
those who signed contracts experienced nearly double the
weight loss of those participants who attempted to lose weight
on their own(Harris MB, Bruner CG. A comparison of a self-
control and a contract procedure for weight control. Behav Res
Ther. 1971;9(4):347–354.). I In a third study, participants with
support versus a self-motivated approach for maintaining weight
loss discovered that those who received social support were
37% more likely to maintain their weight loss over 2
years(Brantley PJ, Stewart DW, Myers VH, et al. Psychosocial
predictors of weight regain in the weight loss maintenance trial.
J Behav Med. 2014;37(6):1155–1168.)
For example, a study to determine the benefits of social support
for weight loss and maintenance recruited subjects to either
participate alone or with three family members or friends. At 6-
month follow-up, the study found participants who attended
with family or friends were three times more likely to maintain
their weight loss after program completion than those who
attended alone(Wing RR, Jeffery RW. Benefits of recruiting
4. participants with friends and increasing social support for
weight loss and maintenance. J Consult Clin Psychol.
1999;67(1):132–138.)
environmental, social
I would like to present how environmental factors impact
obesity populations. Physical activity plays an essential role in
preventing becoming obese or overweight. The data from the
Miami Matter website showed there were 30.7% of adults are
sedentary, and the value didn't reach the health people target of
2030 (21.2%). According to resent study shows Blighted and
vacant urban land is a widespread and potentially risky
environmental condition encountered by millions of people
every day. About 15% of the land in US cities is deemed vacant
or abandoned, translating into an area roughly the size of
Switzerland: over 3 million hectares of otherwise beneficial
spaces remain neglected. Urban residents, especially in low -
income neighborhoods, point to these spaces as primary threats
to their health and safety. Cities continue to seek meaningful,
evidence-based interventions for remediating vacant land.
Standardized processes for the restoration of vacant urban land
were experimentally tested on a citywide scale and found to
significantly reduce gun violence, crime, and fear and increase
physical
activity(https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1718503115)
policy determinants
looks at rules regulations and policies. The places we work,
live, and learn play are important role on one’s health.
The two studies to examine the relationship between state PE
and recess-related laws on youth obesity reported mixed results.
Both analyses linked data on state laws obtained from the NCI’s
PERSPCS [48, 49] with individual-level, cross-sectional data
for 10–17 year olds obtained from the NSCH. Riis and
colleagues found that the odds of youth obesity was higher in
5. states: (1) with stronger laws governing assessment of health-
related fitness at the elementary and middle school levels and
recess time requirements for elementary schools; and (2) whose
laws were strengthened between 2003 and 2006 for physical
educator staff qualifications (at the elementary and middle
school levels) and PE curriculum standards (across all three
grade levels) [49]. Although these findings seem contradictory
to the goals of the policies, the authors concluded that states
with larger youth obesity problems enacted stronger PE-related
laws. Kim did not find any association between the overall
PERSPCS policy scores at the state level and individual level
youth
obesity(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC391608
7/)
Also, Implementing School-Based Policies to Prevent Obesity:
Cluster Randomized Trial. Healthier school environments can
benefit students, and school wellness policies may result in
meaningful enhancements. Schools participating in federal child
nutrition programs must implement wellness policies as
mandated by law.
Analyses followed intention-to-treat principles, with planned
secondary analyses (conducted 2016-2018). Students at schools
randomized to receive support for nutrition policy
implementation had healthier BMI trajectories over time
(F=3.20, p=0.02), with a greater magnitude over time and
cumulatively significant effects 3 years post-intervention (β=-
2.40, p=0.04). Overall, students at schools randomized to
receive the nutrition intervention had an increase in BMI
percentile of <1%, compared with students in other conditions,
whereas BMI percentile increased 3%-4%. There was no
difference in student BMI between those in schools with and
without physical activity policy implementation. Examining
behavioral correlates in eighth grade, students at schools
randomized to the nutrition condition consumed fewer
unhealthy foods and sugar-sweetened beverages, and ate less
frequently at fast-food restaurants (all p<0.03).(
6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30573151/)
Reflection· (1 page)
What are the strengths of your draft Which literary elements did
you find to be easiest to analyze Why
What did you find to be challenging about this assignment
Which literary elements did you find it most challenging to
analyze Why
Reflect on your experience analyzing literature specifically. Do
you think this was more challenging than the other essays that
we wrote for the course Explain.
Which short stories did you enjoy the most (and the least)
Explain.
final draft (3 pages)
please use attachment to complete final draft
RUNNING HEAD: LITERARY ANALYSIS. 2
LITERARY ANALYSIS. 2
Literary analysis
Student
Course
Professor
Institution
7. Date
Literary Analysis Prewriting
I have chosen the short story by Neil Gaiman, How to Talk to
Girls at Parties. I chose this short story because it is indulging
and vividly describes the plot losing focus.
Summary
The story follows Enn, a shy boy who goes to a party with his
crazy friend Vic. Enn recounts the story thirty years later. Enn
and Vic arrive at a party and are greeted by a girl, Stella, with
whom Vic begins flirting instantly. Vic attempts to get Enn to
approach at least one girl at the party. He runs into Wain's
Wain, who leaves as Enn gets water. The second girl Enn met
claimed to be a tourist but was interrupted by Vin. He then
meets the third girl, Triolet, who says a poem to Enn in a
foreign language. Vic angrily pulls Enn away as they leave after
something happens between him and Stella. Enn does not seem
to remember the poem.
Literary elements
For my short story analysis, I will use the following literary
elements; Point of View, Plot, setting, and them ( Yoon, 2018).
8. Neil illustrates these components in the book.
Judgment on each subtopic (positive or negative)
1. Subtopic #1: Point of View.
i. Judgment: Positive Judgement.
ii. Evidence from Text: ‘ I don’t know how to talk to girls.’
Says Enn.
iii. Explanation: It is a short story narrated in singular first
person by Enn. He relates their encounter with Vin in the
present tense. However, he also says that the events were from
30 years ago. First-person tense allows Enn to describe what
happened with authority since it is his story. Gaiman gives
readers an experience of the party along with Enn.
2. Subtopic #2: Plot
i. Judgment: Positive Judgement
ii. Evidence from Text: ‘I went back to the kitchen and poured
myself another Coke… I walked into the living room across the
hall from the room where the people were dancing….'Enn
narrates.
iii. Explanation: The story gives a strategic sequence of the
different events.The main characters are introduced, Vin and
Enn. They have to tackle the problem, which is allowing Enn to
know how to talk to girls by going to a party which eventually
happens. He is, however, cut off by Vin at the climax of the
story.
3. Subtopic #3: Setting
i. Judgment: Positive Judgement.
ii. Evidence from Text: We walked the backstreets that used to
twine in a grimy maze behind East Croydon station…
iii. Explanation: The setting gives a vivid picture to the reader
of the time and places in the story where activities were taking
place. Enn and Vic had just been told of a party in this example.
Enn was contemplating whether to attend the party or not as Vic
pushed him to go.
9. 4. Subtopic #4: Theme
i. Judgment: Positive Judgement
ii. Evidence from Text: "It'll be brilliant," said Vic, for the
hundredth time. "Girls! Girls! Girls!" He grinned with white
teeth.
iii. Explanation: Understanding Others is the theme in this
short story that I chose to use. Neil shows Enn’s desire to know
how to talk to girls and understand them. This desire is often
surrounded by guilt, fear of failure, rejection and not being
enough. Enn views Vic as a strong person and barely
understands how he manages to woo girls. Vic tells Enn to go to
the party with him to boost his confidence. Vic shows he
understands Enn and chooses to help him get through being shy.
Thesis Statement Draft
How To Talk to Girls at Parties by Neil Gaiman tells of Vin and
Enn. These two boys are 15-year-olds looking for a party where
they can meet girls. The short story illustrates extensive use of
literary elements throughout the book. The elements used in this
paper are the point of view, plot, setting and theme. The
subtopics indicate a favourable judgement with examples from
the story.
10. Reference
Yoon, B., & Uliassi, C. (2018). Meaningful learning of literary
elements by incorporating critical literacies. Literacy Research:
Theory, Method, and Practice, 67(1), 360-376.
Page 1 of 2
Health Education & Behavior EPH 620
Assignment #2- Paper on Determinants & Preventive
Interventions to Address Community Public Health Need
Assignment Instructions (see Syllabus for Due Date)
For this class, Assignments #1, #2 and #3 will build upon the
in-class lectures, small group work and the
evidence-based public health approach described by Brownson
et al. (2009). As such, it is essential for students
to attend class, participate actively, and become familiar with
instructions for all three assignments. The grading
rubric is below. For Assignment #2, students will write a multi -
component paper that includes the following 3
sections, applying principles/ strategies reviewed in class (la bel
paper sections with words in bold below):
1. Identify and summarize determinants of a public health
problem. Students will conduct a literature search
using PubMed on one of the local public health problems
identified in the community needs assessment
from Assignment #1. Using an ecological framework, students
will summarize determinants (both risk and
11. protective factors) of the health problem at different levels -
including: individual/ biological, interpersonal/
social, community, environmental, cultural, and policy
determinants. The social determinants section must
describe how structural bias, social inequities and racism
influence the health problem. Specify any health
disparities or inequities. Section should follow CDC Model’s
Step #2 -“Identify risk and protective factors”
(approximately 1 ½ pages recommended)
2. Use a systems thinking tool diagram to illustrate in a diagram
the determinants of the public health
problem. Students will summarize the multiple determinants of
this health problem by drawing a path or
causal loop diagram of the determinants, their relationship to
each other, and relationship to the public
health outcome. Use PowerPoint or similar software to draw
diagram and show systems thinking. Briefly
describe the diagram in the narrative of the paper (1-page
diagram, ½ page description recommended).
3. Describe and evaluate an evidence-based prevention
intervention for this community to consider in
addressing the public health problem. Students will conduct a
PubMed search and identify and describe an
evidence based prevention intervention, specifically one that
has been efficacious as tested in a
randomized controlled trial – RCT. (Note- if a policy
intervention is selected, an RCT is not required;
however, the policy outcomes must have been evaluated using
rigorous methods and presented in a peer-
reviewed journal.) Students must summarize the: a) study
population, b) intervention activities, c)
evaluation of the main results of the RCT, d) theory or
framework used by the intervention, and e) how the
intervention should be adapted for implementation in the local
12. community (include language, cultural
practices and values, age, geographical location and other
considerations) Section should follow CDC
Model’s Step #3 -“Developing and testing interventions”
(approximately 2 pages recommended)
Other, specific paper requirements:
• Approximately 5 pages, double-spaced, Times New Roman 11
font, 1” margins paper (Note- 5 pages
limit includes text and illustration, but does not include title
page or references as part of page limit.)
• Paper must include sections #1-3 and address all required
sections above (Please label sections and
subsections exactly as in bold above)
• Paper must include: title page with Student Name, Date,
Health Ed & Behavior Class, Assignment #
• References section. Please use American Psychological
Association or American Medical Association style.
The paper must also have in-text citations throughout the paper
in the corresponding style.
• Submit final papers as Microsoft Word documents via
Blackboard using correct link “Assignment #2”.
• Unexcused, late papers will be penalized for each hour they
are late. Please stay alert to paper deadline.
Brownson, R.C., Fielding, J.E., & Maylahn, C.M. (2009).
Evidence-based public health: A fundamental concept for public
health practice. Annual Review of
Public Health, 30, 175-201.
Page 2 of 2
13. Grading Rubric. Evaluation for this assignment will be based
on:
1. Completeness and
following
instructions (25
points), for
example:
o Are the 3 paper sections specified and addressed per
instructions?
o Section 1.
o Is ecological model specified and explained correctly?
o Are multiple determinants (risk and protective factors)
specified at
different levels (individual/ biological, interpersonal/ social,
community,
environmental, cultural, policy, etc.)?
o Does social determinants section describe how structural bias,
social
inequities and racism influence the health problem?
o Are any health disparities or inequities specified?
o Section 2.
o Is a diagram included that illustrates the relationships among
multiple
determinants (risk and protective factors) in this section using a
systems thinking tool (i.e., path model, causal loop diagram)?
o Is PowerPoint or similar software used for the diagram?
14. o Is diagram explained clearly in the written narrative of the
paper?
o Section 3.
o Is an evidence-based intervention described that was tested in
an RCT
(or appropriately evaluated policy intervention)?
o Is there a summary of the required parts of the intervention/
RCT- See
instructions sections 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, and 3e (i.e., study
population,
theory, results, etc.)?
o Are guidelines on word/ page limit followed?
2. Accuracy of writing
(25 points), for
example:
o Are statistics recent and correct, including determinants and
disparities?
o Are key terms defined properly as needed, and are they
correctly used (e.g.,
public health terms, determinants, causal risk and protective
factors,
randomized controlled trial)?
o Are key determinants and preventive interventions from the
peer-reviewed
literature correctly and properly described?
o Are statements accurate?
3. Critical thinking,
15. logic and ability to
justify all statements
made (25 points),
for example:
o Are statements justified and supported by appropriate
evidence and peer-
reviewed literature?
o Is the systems thinking diagram from Section #2 logical,
justified and clearly
explained?
o Does Section #3 include a logical explanation about how the
intervention
must be adapted for the community?
o Are in-text citations provided and used correctly?
o Are references included at the end of the paper, and are they
sufficient to
address the paper requirements?
o Are references reputable & provide evidence to support
statements?
o Are statements and conclusions logical, well-sequenced and
well-explained?
4. Clarity of writing (25
points), for example:
o Are different sections of the paper connected and integrated?
o Is the paper sequenced in logical order and well-organized?
o Are paragraphs well-structured? Are transitions between
16. paragraphs used?
o Is there a proper introduction and conclusion paragraph to the
paper?
o Is proper grammar, punctuation, spelling used?
Health Education & Behavior EPH 620Brownson, R.C.,
Fielding, J.E., & Maylahn, C.M. (2009). Evidence-based public
health: A fundamental concept for public health practice.
Annual Review of Public Health, 30, 175-201.