Project Management Yaumara Cano Kaplan University 1 introduction Clinical studies are purposed to help physicians and other interested parties to make health improvements on how issues are handles. The United States currently faces a large number of health issues. Obesity is among the common health issues that the country is facing, which requires intervention. The country is currently the leading place with the largest number of people with this condition (Booth, Charlton, & Gulliford, 2016). Obesity has been an issues of concern to many in the United States, mainly because the country is the leading nation in the world with the largest population of obese individuals. The need to implement effectiveness and ensure that people regain their health is essential for the health industry of the country. This presentation aims to present a research study on this issue and it provide recommendation of effective intervention measures that should be taken to address the issue. 2 Over view of the study Obesity is currently affecting more than 37.9 percent of all the adults in the United States. Annually, the government spends about 147 million dollars to address issues related to obesity only. With this issue being extremely important, the study aims to obtain more information about the issue in the country. The study then aims to use the findings that will be obtained to make recommendations of appropriate intervention strategies. Statistical evidence clarify that obesity is a significant problem in the United States. Through this condition, more than 37.9 percent of the United States feel adverse negative effects, and are considered less healthy compared to other people. This study has its main purpose being to make sure that effective strategies have been developed through which the issue will become less significant in terms of effect and money. 3 Clinical question definition (PICOT) PICOT is a research explanation model which stands for people/population, intervention, comparison, outcome and time. The population that is aimed to benefit from this study is both the young, the youths and the old who can obtain the condition of obesity (Mehta, Elo, Aromaa, & Koskinen, 2017). The study facts and results are however based on data collected from people between the age of 20 and 30 years The population under focus on this study is thus youths of between 20 and 30 years of age. This sample population was mainly chosen because it constitutes of the largest population of obese people in the country. The study however aims at making sure that the identified research study respondents are randomly obtained from different areas and people living in different life styles. 4 Clinical question definition (PICOT) Intervention that is intended for the patients is to provide recommendation that will help these patients manage to have their lives improved and recovering from the condition. The study also aims to reduce the rate of pe.

1. Project Management
Yaumara Cano
Kaplan University
1
introduction
Clinical studies are purposed to help physicians and other
interested parties to make health improvements on how issues
are handles.
The United States currently faces a large number of health
issues.
Obesity is among the common health issues that the country is
facing, which requires intervention.
The country is currently the leading place with the largest
number of people with this condition (Booth, Charlton, &
Gulliford, 2016).
Obesity has been an issues of concern to many in the United
States, mainly because the country is the leading nation in the
world with the largest population of obese individuals.
The need to implement effectiveness and ensure that people
regain their health is essential for the health industry of the
country.
This presentation aims to present a research study on this issue
and it provide recommendation of effective intervention
measures that should be taken to address the issue.
2

2. Over view of the study
Obesity is currently affecting more than 37.9 percent of all the
adults in the United States.
Annually, the government spends about 147 million dollars to
address issues related to obesity only.
With this issue being extremely important, the study aims to
obtain more information about the issue in the country.
The study then aims to use the findings that will be obtained to
make recommendations of appropriate intervention strategies.
Statistical evidence clarify that obesity is a significant problem
in the United States. Through this condition, more than 37.9
percent of the United States feel adverse negative effects, and
are considered less healthy compared to other people.
This study has its main purpose being to make sure that
effective strategies have been developed through which the
issue will become less significant in terms of effect and money.
3
Clinical question definition (PICOT)
PICOT is a research explanation model which stands for
people/population, intervention, comparison, outcome and time.
The population that is aimed to benefit from this study is both
the young, the youths and the old who can obtain the condition
of obesity (Mehta, Elo, Aromaa, & Koskinen, 2017).
The study facts and results are however based on data collected
from people between the age of 20 and 30 years
The population under focus on this study is thus youths of
between 20 and 30 years of age. This sample population was
mainly chosen because it constitutes of the largest population of
obese people in the country.
The study however aims at making sure that the identified
research study respondents are randomly obtained from

3. different areas and people living in different life styles.
4
Clinical question definition (PICOT)
Intervention that is intended for the patients is to provide
recommendation that will help these patients manage to have
their lives improved and recovering from the condition.
The study also aims to reduce the rate of people becoming obese
in the country.
An alternative to this plan is maintaining the current strategies
of dealing with the issue, which are however not effective.
At the end of the study, I wish to understand the main causes of
this condition in the country and mostly the strategies that could
help eradicate the condition and have the obese improve from it
completely.
The study is aimed at making sure that all people manage to
protect themselves from the condition of obesity through
information and knowledge.
The time frame within which the results of the study should be
obtained is a duration of one month. This duration is
appropriate because through it data can be gathered and
analyzed and results found.
5
METHODOLOGY
The research study is mainly aimed to formulate the main
causes of obesity within the United States and the reason why
obesity is such a significant issue, unlike many other countries.
In order to accomplish this purpose, the study involves
extensive review of literature from findings of research study
carried out by other researchers.
The study also involves the collection of data (Khalsa, Kharofa,
& bishop, 2017).

4. The research study mainly aims to gather all the information
about what causes obesity to people.
It also aims to determine why there is a difference between the
rate of this condition in the United States compared to other
countries.
Data is essentially important to provide this information.
6
Methodology
The study utilizes two main methods of data collection, which
include questionnaires and interview.
The targeted population is a group of obese people between the
age of 20 to 30 from different regions of the country.
The study also utilize the two main methods of data analysis
known as qualitative and quantitative methods.
The findings of the study are then presented to the people that
could make decisions and implement recommendations.
Questionnaires are a god method of collecting data from a group
of individuals. This method plays a major role in providing the
required data regarding this topic.
Interviews are significantly essential methods through which
detailed information was obtained in the research study from
participants.
The two methods, qualitative and quantitative data analysis
methods, were essentially important in the process of data
processing ad analyzing in order to obtain results.
7
Database used for research
Like explained, the study used a number of other studies and
articles authored by other researchers covering the same topic.
To obtain thee sources, I utilized the science direct database.
To search for articles on this topic, I used the key words obesity

5. and the United States.
To harness my search, I created the sorting aspect with years
and searched for articles authored within the last three years.
The database played a significantly important role in helping me
attain the literal journal articles that I need (Hamilton, & Green,
2017).
Utilization of tools like sort and definition of years of the
articles helped me attain the most relevant studies that I need
from the database on this topic.
8
Descriptive statistics
Statistically, the study utilized a total of 40 participants, from
which each individual provided information that was analyzed
to provide the findings of the study.
20 of the participants are obese individuals between the age of
20 and 30 years old.
10 of these individuals are interested individuals randomly
picked that are not obese but conversant with the issue.
The other ten consists of people that are in authority and deal
with obese individuals.
The study involved a group of individuals, who were all
essential to the study in helping the study obtain the required
information to accomplish its purpose on this topic. .
The first group of twenty participants consists of individuals
that are obese, randomly picked and between 20 to 30 years of
age. The second group consists of 10 people that are not obese
and the other ten consists of employers who have obese
employees.
9
Descriptive statistics

6. From the study, there are a number of important statistical
information that clearly reveals the importance of this study.
37.9 percent of the population in the United States is obese,
thus making this issue significant in the health industry.
Since obesity is not a condition that takes a month to develop,
the study obtains information about randomized controlled trials
(RCT) from other literal sources.
A number of literal sources provide information about certain
obesity based RCTs carried out in order to provide information
about the causes of the condition and how to intervene.
The main results of these trials involve the amount of calories
that an individual consumed in a day and the evaluation of the
exercises that an individual involves in (Benjamin, Burgoine,
Gallis, & Monsivais, 2017).
10
findings
From the study, the first important finding is that people in the
United States consume a lot of calories in the products that they
take on a daily basis.
Many people did not have awareness of how they obtain obesity
and strategies to protect themselves from obtaining the
condition.
Effective ways of preventing obesity is involving in regular
exercising and taking a good diet that has controlled calories.
The United States has a problem with the issue of obesity
because many people have been consuming a lot of products
with a lot of sugars and calories.
Regular exercises and good diet with controlled sugars and
calories can help an individual improve from obesity and also
prevent those who are not obese from obtaining the condition.
11

7. recommendations
A number of recommendations can play a major part in making
sure that rate of obtaining obesity is minimized in the United
States.
Creating general awareness of the condition of obesity and
reason why people in the United States should be concerned.
Establishing counsellors of this condition and experts that can
get the obese people on how to take part in the process of
improving their condition.
Implementation of these recommendation will play a major part
in making sure that obesity as an issue in the country is
completely minimized for a large number of people.
The following are the main recommendations
Creating awareness of issues about obesity
Establishment of experts that will guide people on improving
from this issue.
12
Conclusion
The challenge of obesity in the United States is a major issue
that has caused problems to many people.
A significant population of people within the United States had
this issue.
Implementation of certain methods like creating awareness and
helping people avoid consuming calories will help in improving
on this condition.
Obesity has been a major problem to a large number of people.
Implementing effective solution to this issue will help a large
percentage of the United States population.
13

8. References
Booth, H., Charlton, J. & Gulliford, M. (2016). Socioeconomic
inequality in morbid obesity with body mass index more than
40 kg/m2 in the United States and England: SSM - Population
Health. Retrieved from
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S23528273163
01896
Mehta, N., Elo, I., Aromaa, A. & Koskinen, S. (2017).
International differences in the risk of death from smoking and
obesity: The case of the United States and Finland. Retrieved
from
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S23528273163
0163X
Khalsa, A., Kharofa, R. & bishop, L. (2017). Attainment of ‘5-
2-1-0’ obesity recommendations in preschool-aged children:
Preventive Medicine Reports. Retrieved from
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S22113355173
01304
Hamilton, T. & Green, T. (2017). Intergenerational differences
in smoking among West Indian, Haitian, Latin American, and
African blacks in the United States: SSM - Population Health.
Retrieved from
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S23528273173
00198
Benjamin, S., Burgoine, T., Gallis, J. & Monsivais, P. (2017).
Spatial analysis of food insecurity and obesity by area-level
deprivation in children in early years settings in England:
Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology. Retrieved from
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S18775845173
00187

9. Retailer of related outdoor merchandise:
Firearms
Hunting
Fishing
Camping
Boating
Cabela Inc
Cabela Inc is an outdoor retailer with specialties I related
outdoor merchandise including firearms, hunting, fishing,
camping, boating, and others.
1
Founder, Richard N Cabela
Established in 1961but publicized in 2004
Headquarters in Sidney, Nebraska
Operates 82 stores in the U.S and Canada
Cabela Inc contd.
Richard N Cabela founded the Cabela Inc in 1961 but did not
publicize it until 2004. The company originated in Sidney
Nebraska where its headquarters is situated. It operated 82
stores throughout the United States of America and Canada with

10. more than 19, 100 employees.
2
Type of organizational design
Vertical differentiation
Horizontal differentiation
Centralized
Decentralized
Cabela’s Organizational design
Vertical differentiation involves establishing a chain of
command among the managers and the employees. It simply has
an established hierarchy which all people in a company observe
(Jones, 2013).
Horizontal differentiation involves separation of the employees
by their assigned duties (Jones, 2013). Various employees
perform different tasks
Centralized organizational structure design involves the
concentration of authority and decision-making within few
people in an organization, usually the CEO and executives
(Jones, 2013).
Decentralized organizational structure involves the delegation
of the decision-making responsibility to various levels in an
organization (Jones, 2013).
3
Cabela is differentiated into hardlines, softlines, and operations
Its organizational design involves vertical and horizontal
differentiation

11. Cabela’s organizational design hinders a healthy relationship in
the company
Cabela’s Organizational design contd.
The hardlines include firearms, hunting, fishing, and archery;
the softlines includes clothing, footwear, bargain cave, and
camping; and operations handles warehouse and customer
service.
The company employs vertical and horizontal differentiation
organizational structure design in which it has a chain of
command, and the employees are separated by the tasks they
perform respectively.
Vertical structure discourages a healthy relationship between
the managers and the employees.
The challenge with horizontal differentiation is that the
outfitters lack competencies in particular areas for example
fishing and hunting as the company separates the outfitters to
particular tasks.
4
Organizational change occurs in all areas of an organization
Change occurs due to changes in business environment
Change can be evolutionary or revolutionary
Change can be resisted or accepted
Organizational change

12. Organizational change is investable and occurs in all areas of an
organization including human resource, functional resources,
organizational, and technological capabilities. Change becomes
necessary following changes in the business environment
including ethics, demographic, political, social, and economic
changes, and global and competitive pressure. Nevertheless,
change is subject to resistance or acceptance by the employees
in an organization. Change can be evolutionary meaning
gradual and incremental change or revolutionary meaning
sudden, drastic, and wider change (Jones, 2013).
5
Change at Cabela has been evolutionary
In roles assigned to outfitters
Introduced training program
Organizational structure design
Organizational change contd.
Organizational change at Cabela has been evolutionary in an
effort to facilitate customer loyalty and attract and retain
customers. Change in this company has occurred in roles
assigned to the outfitters, and they can now handle several roles
in the company as compared to the past where outfitters would
only handle specific role only. Cabela has also introduced a
training program to ensure that the outfitters obtain knowledge
and skills in the different areas of the organization.
Additionally, change has occurred in Cabela’s organizational
structure design where the company is moving towards
decentralized structure from vertical differentiation thereby

13. boosting the morale of the outfitters as the decentralized
structure create a sense of belonging.
6
Challenges to change implementation at Cabela include:
Complexity of the company
Lack of inclusivity in decision-making
Resistance
Organizational change contd.
The complexity of the company makes implementation of
change difficult. Cabela has 82 stores and implementing change
will require coordination of all the stores and this is
sophisticated.
The outfitters are not involved in the decision-making process
in the change process, and this becomes a source of resistance
to change implementation.
Also, resistance due to lack of awareness of the change among
the employees and horizontal differentiation at Cabela poses a
hindrance to change implementation.
However, the company has tried to overcome the challenges by
enhancing communication and involving the outfitters in the
decision-making process.
7
Organizational conflict is inevitable
Occur due to misunderstandings among employees in an
organization
Beneficial as they enhance conflict resolution mechanisms

14. Cabela’s Organizational conflict
Conflict in investable in an organization since in any place with
people conflict is unavoidable. Conflict in an organization
results from the misunderstanding that occurs between groups in
an organization or between particular individuals. However,
conflict is beneficial to the organizations in enhancing effective
conflict resolution in the future.
8
Conflict occurs in five stages:
Latent phase
Perceived conflict
Felt conflict
Manifest conflict
Conflict aftermath
Cabela’s Organizational conflict contd.
The first stage of a conflict is the latent stage which includes
mere disagreement but can develop into a confrontation. The
second stage is perceived conflict where units in an
organization become aware of the conflict and begin to analyze
it. The third stage is felt conflict in which cooperation among
the units reduces. The fourth stage is the manifest conflict in
which the conflict spreads affecting the operations and

15. effectiveness of the organization. The fifth and last stage is
conflict aftermath which includes identification of solutions to
solve the conflict (Jones, 2013)
9
Conflict at Cabela arises due to:
Decision making concentrating on top management
However, chances of conflict occurring are minimal
Cabela ensures compliance with rules and regulations
Works with suppliers with proper qualifications and
requirements
Cabela’s Organizational conflict contd.
The probable cause of conflict at Cabela is centralization of
decision-making in top management and therefore increasing
dissatisfaction among the outfitters. However, conflicts rarely
occur in this company, and therefore chances for conflict
occurrence are minimal in the future. This is because the
company ensures compliance with the applicable rules and
regulations with the government and stakeholders.
Additionally, Cabela works with suppliers who meet proper
qualifications and requires ad regularly review contracts with
suppliers thereby avoiding conflicts (Cabela, 2014).
10
The structures include
Functional
Divisional
Product team

16. Matrix
Network
Cabela’s organizational structure
Different organizations have different types of organizational
structures. The functional structure includes grouping of the
workers in accordance with expertise, and this enhances
employee motivation, but performance measurements become
challenging. A divisional structure includes product structures
which encompass grouping of products based on characteristics
to enhance control, geographical and market structures. Product
team structure involves companies coming together to produce a
new product. Matrix structure includes grouping of employees
into function and product. Network structure involves different
organizations working together (Jones, 2013).
11
Cabela uses product division structure
Division of business into small units
Each unit deals with specific product
Outfitters allocated according to areas of specialty
Cabela’s organizational structure contd.
Cabela used product division structure. The company divides
its business into small units including firearms, hunting,

17. fishing, boating, and clothing. Each department deals with a
specific product line and the outfitters are allocated to the
different product line in accordance with area of specialty. This
is advantageous to the company departments are independent,
and the performance of one department does not affect other
departments. However, it is disadvantageous since it increases
inefficiencies in the company.
12
Set beliefs, norms, and values of an organization
Incorporated through orientation and socialization
Emerges from
Organizational structure
Organizational ethics
Social responsibility of the company
Cabela’s organizational culture
Organizational culture entails the set beliefs, norms, and values
in an organization. Culture in an organization is incorporated
by orientation and socialization. Organizational culture evolves
from the organization’s structure, ethics, and social
responsibility of the company to its stakeholders (Jones, 2013).
13
When you join the Cabela’s team you aren’t hired on, you are
adopted into the family

18. Change notes according to feedback
14
Great Property Rights:
Health benefits for both fulltime and part time outfitters
Tuition Reimbursement
401K
Holiday Pay
Paid Time off
Cabela’s Employee Foundation
Cabela’s Organizational Culture
Cabela has implemented various organizational changes to
ensure:
Exceptional customer service
Inclusion of outfitters in decision-making
Minimize possibility of conflict occurrence
Enhance customer satisfaction and in turn customer loyalty.
Conclusion
The organizational change at Cabela including assigning the

19. outfitters different roles, introduction of the training program to
enhance the outfitters with the knowledge and skills needed for
Cabela business operation, and moving towards decentralized
organizational design are beneficial to the organization. The
training program equips the outfitters with competencies to
provide exceptional customer service, and the decentralized
design will ensure involvement of the outfitters in decision-
making hence motivating them roles and in turn improving their
performance. Also, this change will ensure minimization of the
possibility of conflicts occurring. Besides, motivated outfitters
will offer exceptional customer service thereby facilitating
customer satisfaction and in turn enhancing customer loyalty.
Change is important for the success of Cabela.
16
Cabela. (2014). Company History. Retrieved November 13,
2017, from Cabela's:
http://www.cabelas.com/content.jsp?pageName=CompanyHistor
y
Cabela. (2015). Diversity and Inclusion. Retrieved November
13, 2017, from Cabela's:
http://www.cabelas.com/custserv/custserv.jsp?pageName=divers
ityinclusion#diversity-tab1
Jones, G. R. (2013). Organizational Theory, Design and Change
(7th Edition ed.). Boston: Pearson Education Limited.
References
Topic 2.unit 4.class 504

20. By Day 5, post your topic and a brief summary of your
presentation project goals for the Assignment in in this unit.
Make sure to provide feedback to your peers. Your instructor
will also provide feedback.