International Monetary System: The International Financial System - Reform of International Monetary Affairs
- The Bretton Wood System and the International Monetary Fund, Controversy over Regulation of International
Finance, Developing Countries' Concerns, Exchange Rate Policy of Developing Economies.
International Monetary System: The International Financial System - Reform of International Monetary Affairs
- The Bretton Wood System and the International Monetary Fund, Controversy over Regulation of International
Finance, Developing Countries' Concerns, Exchange Rate Policy of Developing Economies.
PERIYAR UNIVERSITY - B.A. ECONOMICS- IV SEMESTER - INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS - UNIT – V: Evolution, Role and Functions of International Institutions - IMF, IBRD, GATT, WTO and ADB.
Foreign economics Policies-Euro Dollar Market, International liquidity, Devaluation, World debt crisis ,Development of under developed Countries, United nations Financial programs, Economic Union & communities
A journey through American and Japanese capital Market.
This presentation can be used a study material for international Financial Management for MBA/PGDM.
The middle income trap is when countries that have achieved middle-income status often experience a growth slowdown and a stagnation in the growth of real per capita incomes
Chia siamo, la nostra azienda. Cosa facciamo e chi sono i nostri clienti. Siti web, ecommerce, web e social marketing, landing page, email marketing, geolocalizzazione
PERIYAR UNIVERSITY - B.A. ECONOMICS- IV SEMESTER - INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS - UNIT – V: Evolution, Role and Functions of International Institutions - IMF, IBRD, GATT, WTO and ADB.
Foreign economics Policies-Euro Dollar Market, International liquidity, Devaluation, World debt crisis ,Development of under developed Countries, United nations Financial programs, Economic Union & communities
A journey through American and Japanese capital Market.
This presentation can be used a study material for international Financial Management for MBA/PGDM.
The middle income trap is when countries that have achieved middle-income status often experience a growth slowdown and a stagnation in the growth of real per capita incomes
Chia siamo, la nostra azienda. Cosa facciamo e chi sono i nostri clienti. Siti web, ecommerce, web e social marketing, landing page, email marketing, geolocalizzazione
Spiritual retreats and tours with Outer Travels Inner Journeys is a necessary thing to do once before leaving this place. They create some unusual retreats to some astounding places, which simply calms the inner you while giving you an experience of a lifetime. So, if you believe you are a spiritually aware person, there is a chance to meet new like-minded people from different corners of the world and visit new places with them. Go ahead, take the chance, and be ready to make your life better with spiritual retreats of Outer Travels and inner Journeys.
This is a recording of a revision webinar exploring some of the causes of financial crises in developed and emerging market countries. There are many different types of crises ranging from currency/external debt crises to disturbances in banking systems.
Session IV - Cross-National Frameworks for the Management of National Inequal...KhazanahResearchInstitute
Malaysian Income Distribution in a Global Context
A Khazanah Nasional Berhad and Khazanah Research Institute Seminar
Session IV - Cross-National Frameworks and the Management of National Inequality
18 January 2018
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
2. pt1
• Plan by Keynes in 1944 rejected at the Bretton woods conference (planned
for the post war reconstruction of the world economy- three institutions
that are with us still today).
• Plan for the ICU stemmed from three core principles;
• 1. in his words, ‘the equality of credits and debits, of debits and liabilities’;
like a central bank working at an international scale with a completed
balance sheet of trade between nations.
• 2. International monetary settings tend to ‘throw the main burden of
adjustment on the country which is in the debtor position’; seen today in
the interactions between Germany and Greece; expected to improve their
fiscal position- very difficult if trade imbalances within Europe continue to
persist (as I’ll explain later if you’re not sure).
• 3. Finally; ‘the problems of debtors can only arise if creditors are not
choosing to make use of the purchasing power they have obtained’ i.e. if
the excess savings earned by nations with a trade surplus are not used in
productive ways abroad – often as a result of excessive trade imbalances.
3. pt2
• Worked like this;
• The ICU would issue Bancors (value tied to gold) as a new foreign
reserve currency used by central banks (valued against all other
individual currencies at an agreed amount).
• A country would withdraw Bancors from the ICU whenever it
needed to pay for imports and deposit Bancors whenever it
exported goods (instead of turning to international markets.
• In the ICU each country would hold a national account- a kind of
balance sheet with a maximum number of Bancors that can be
deposited or withdrawn from its overdraft facility (measured by its
average trade volume over a period of 3 years).
• The overdraft facility can also be used to finance expansionary
policies in times of a shortcoming of domestic demand or cyclical
crises.
4. pt3
• Incentives to keep a trade balance close to 0 Bancors
• When country is in debit or credit to the union (i.e. a negative/positive number of
Bancors in its account) in excess of a quarter of it’s average trade volume (it’s quota), it
will pay a rate of 1% on it.
• If a country exceeds half its quota (whether or not this is as a result of a trade surplus or
deficit), it will pay a rate of 2%, and the governing body will force a country to take
necessary action to adjust its trade balance
• For surplus nations; 10% charge on their overdraft facility, currency appreciation,
controls on capital inflows whilst abolishing controls on outflows (make sure global
demand isn’t suppressed), lowering tariffs, measures to expand domestic credit and
demand, international loans for the development of poorer nations. If by the end of a
year their deposits still exceed half of its average trade volume, in effect the value of
their trade surplus will be confiscated entirely.
• For deficit nations; the inverse; currency appreciation, controls on capital outflows,
higher tariffs, lower wages; big one; productive investment, financed by the ICU’s
revenues earned from surplus nations.
•
• Therefore, the ICU would act as what some including Yanis Varoufakis call a Global
Surplus Recycling Mechanism (or GSRM)
5. pt4
• World economy-tough problems, the root causes can be traced back to huge trade
imbalances. Many surplus nations pursued domestic policies that deliberately create huge
amounts of excess savings especially in East Asian countries; creating an undervalued
currency, freezing wages and lowering interest rates which charges more to households but
less to exporters and firms – representing a shift of resources away from domestic
consumption, into the tradable goods sector who amass savings which they cannot use to
invest in the domestic market because falling household consumption means there is a lack
of effective demand which justifies this, so the excess savings held are invested abroad
instead.
• Once these excess savings were great enough (caused by an excessively high trade surplus)
the big deficit nations (U.S) began to develop real estate bubbles and consumer credit binges
since opportunities for productive investments abroad run dry, and the huge capital exports
from surplus nations instead go into unproductive investments and credit bubbles. Once a
run on the banks began, there was unemployment everywhere, even in surplus nations
where firms fired workers because the supply of their goods and services exceeded demand.
Hardest hit were deficit nations, especially those on Europe’s periphery where the lack of a
fiscal union compounded the problems in countries where stimulus was necessary.
• Today, the US can no longer absorb the world’s surpluses and the effect of its long held trade
policies on private consumption has meant it cannot continue to invest in order to stimulate
demand without inflating the real estate bubble or stock market (until recently).
6. pt5
• Illustrates the relationship often misunderstood in the Europe. Here we see Keynes’s original
concerns about the burden put on debtor countries.
•
• Under the proposed ICU, the governing body would be largely independent, with no one country
having control over the other. The U.S wanted to replace Britain as the new world power; wanted to
regulate post-war reconstruction themselves, recycling their surpluses where they saw fit
(Germany, japan) to create markets for U.S exports; make sure the rest of the world was dependent
on them.
• So, they saw this as unfair- didn’t want to curtail their political strength and power by restraining
their surpluses.
• Africa; especially hurt by East and Southeast Asian trade policy; they cannot diversify from raw
materials into manufacturing e.g. cotton into textiles arguably because of the competitiveness of
Asian goods. Leaves them at the mercy of international markets and commodity prices (which has
hurt them very recently).
• (read slide) Together with a global tax on personal wealth (Thomas Piketty), this could make a
formidable attempt to stop the boom and bust cycle. Inequality tends to increase excess savings,
and as discussed earlier, this can lead to crises like 2008. Also, it is the most efficient way of solving
the EU debt crisis – onetime tax on wealth across EU would rake in enough to reduce total debt by
20% of GDP, and with the ICU’s surplus recycling mechanism; this crisis would likely be prevented
from happening again in the future.