ICT refers to the use of digital technologies to process and exchange information. It includes hardware, software, networks, and digital tools used to create, store, manage, and communicate data. Examples of ICT tools include computers, smartphones, tablets, the internet, and software applications. ICT has transformed communication and access to information globally. The document then provides brief histories and descriptions of early calculating devices like the abacus and Napier's Bones, as well as early computers like the Analytical Engine and mainframes. It outlines the typical components of a modern computer, including the CPU, RAM, motherboard, storage devices, ports, and input/output components.

1. INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY

2. What is Computer
Computer is an electronic device that is designed to work with
Information. The term computer is derived from the Latin
term ‘computare’, this means to calculate or programmable
machine. Computer cannot do anything without a Program. It
represents the decimal numbers through a string of binary digits. The
Word 'Computer' usually refers to the Center Processor Unit plus
Internal memory.Is an electronic device for storing and processing data,
typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a
variable program, It is an electronic device capable of interpreting and
performing programmed instructions.

3. Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage is called the
"Grand Father" of the computer.
The First mechanical computer
designed by Charles Babbage was
called Analytical Engine. It uses
read-only memory in the form of
punch cards.

4. WHAT IS

5. ICT stands for Information and Communication
Technology. It refers to the use of digital technology to
manage, process, and communicate information. ICT
includes hardware, software, and networks used to
create, store, process, and exchange data and
information. Examples of ICT tools and technologies
include computers, smartphones, tablets, the internet,
software applications, social media, and digital media. ICT
has transformed the way people communicate, work, and
access information, and it plays a crucial role in modern
society and the global economy.

6. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF COMPUTER

7. Abacus (3000 BC):
The abacus is an ancient counting
device that consists of a frame with
rods or wires on which beads or
counters are moved to perform
arithmetic calculations. It was widely
used in many cultures and
civilizations for thousands of years
before the development of modern
calculators.Mainframe
Leibniz Wheel (1685):
The Leibniz Wheel was a
mechanical device invented
by Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz in 1685. It was
designed to perform
multiplication and division
using a series of stepped
gear
Pascaline (1642)
:The Pascaline was the first
mechanical calculator invented by
Blaise Pascal in 1642. It was a device
that could perform addition and
subtraction through the use of
wheels and gears. The Pascaline was
a significant step forward in the
development of calculating
machinesPersonal
Napier Bones (1617):
Napier Bones, also known as
Napier's Rods or Napier's Bones,
are a set of numbered rods that
were used for multiplication and
division. The rods were marked
with the multiplication tables and
allowed users to perform complex
calculations quickly and easily.

8. Mainframe Computers (1950s):
Mainframes were the first type of
computer to be used for business
and government applications.
They were large, expensive, and
required specialized personnel to
operate..
Analytical Engine (1833)
The Analytical Engine was a
proposed mechanical general-
purpose computer designed by
Charles Babbage in the 1830s. It
was never fully built, but it is
considered to be the first design
for a programmable computer.
The Analytical Engine had many
features of modern computers,
including the ability to store data
and perform complex
calculations.
Jacquard Loom (1801):
The Jacquard Loom was an
automated loom invented by Joseph
Marie Jacquard in 1801. It used
punched cards to control the weaving
process, allowing complex patterns to
be produced automatically. The
Jacquard Loom was a significant
advance in the textile industry and is
considered to be one of the earliest
examples of a programmable
machine.
Census Machine (1889): The Census
Machine was a device invented by Herman
Hollerith to tabulate data from the US
census. It used punched cards to store and
process data, allowing for faster and more
accurate tabulation than previous
methods. The Census Machine was a
significant step forward in the
development of mechanical data
processing.

9. Microcomputer:
A microcomputer, also known as
a personal computer (PC), is a
small, low-cost, single-user
computer designed for general-
purpose computing tasks such as
word processing, spreadsheet
management, and basic
programming.
Laptop:
A laptop is a portable computer
designed for mobile use. It
typically has a clamshell design
with a screen on top and a
keyboard on the bottom.
Personal computer:
A personal computer, also known
as a microcomputer, is a small,
low-cost computer designed for
individual use. It is designed to
be operated by one person at a
time and is intended for general-
purpose computing tasks such as
word processing, web browsing,
and multimedia playback.
Mini Computers (1960s): Mini
computers were smaller and
less expensive than
mainframes, making them
accessible to more
organizations and individuals.
They were also easier to
operate and maintain.

10. WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF COMPUTER

11. RAM
RAM stands for Random Access
Memory and is a type of
computer memory that
temporarily stores data that the
CPU is currently processing.
Mainframe
CPU Cooler
A CPU cooler is a device that is
attached to the CPU to prevent
it from overheating. The cooler
dissipates the heat generated
by the CPU and maintains a safe
operating temperature.
Motherboard
The motherboard is the main circuit
board of a computer. It connects all
of the hardware components
together, including the CPU, RAM,
expansion cards, and storage devices.
Expansion Cards
Expansion cards are hardware
components that are installed
into a computer's
motherboard to add additional
functionality or features.

12. CPU
The CPU, or central processing
unit, is the "brain" of the
computer. It performs most of the
calculations and instructions
needed to run software programs
and operate the computer's
hardware.
PSU:
The PSU, or power supply unit,
is a hardware component that
provides power to the other
components in a computer. It
converts AC power from a wall
outlet into the DC power that is
needed by the computer's
internal components.
SSD
An SSD, or solid-state drive, is a
type of storage device that uses
flash memory to store data. SSDs
are faster and more reliable than
traditional hard disk drives, but
they are also more expensive.
Computer Case
The computer case, also
known as the tower or
chassis, is the enclosure
that houses the computer's
internal components.

13. HDD
An HDD, or hard disk drive, is a
type of storage device that uses
spinning disks to store data. HDDs
are slower than SSDs, but they
are also less
expensive.Mainframe
Keyboard:
A keyboard is an input device
that is used to enter text,
commands, and other
information into the computer.
It typically includes a set of keys
for typing letters, numbers, and
symbols, as well as special keys
for performing specific
functions..
Mouse
A mouse is an input device that is
used to control the movement of
the cursor on the computer
screen. It typically includes one
or more buttons for clicking and
scrolling, and may also include
additional features such as a
scroll wheel or touchpad.
Speakers
Speakers are a type of computer
peripheral that are used to play
audio. They can be built into the
computer or connected externally,
and are typically used for listening
to music, watching videos, or
playing games.
HDD

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