The document discusses computer hardware and system startup. It defines hardware as the tangible parts of a computer system like monitors, keyboards, and drives. It then covers input devices like mice, keyboards, and scanners that allow data to enter the system. Output devices discussed include displays, printers, and projectors that output processed data in visual form. The document provides examples of various hardware types and considerations for selecting and caring for printers.
Mouse is a common input device used in graphical user interfaces to control the position of the cursor on a display screen. There are two main types of mice - mechanical mice which use a rolling ball and optical mice which use light sensors. Mice typically have one to three buttons. A trackball is similar to an upside-down mouse where the ball is stationary and the thumb moves it. A joystick is a pointing device used mainly for computer games and some professional applications to control cursor movement in any direction. Touch screens allow users to select options by touching the screen and can detect the location touched. Light pens are used for selecting options or drawing directly on the screen by detecting changes in screen brightness where the pen is pointed. Important display device
This document provides an overview of embedded systems and discusses Arduino. It defines an embedded system as a combination of hardware and software designed for a specific function. Embedded systems are commonly based on microcontrollers and are optimized for their dedicated tasks. Examples of embedded systems include appliances, vehicles, medical devices, and more. The document then discusses the Arduino platform as an example of an embedded system and how it can be programmed using its IDE software.
The document provides an outline for PC Awareness Training conducted over 5 days. Day 1 introduces components of computers and personal computers. Day 2 covers system unit components in two parts, focusing on hardware. Day 3 continues examining the system unit and components inside. Day 4 discusses installation, configuration, and upgrading operating systems and software. Day 5 is about diagnosing and troubleshooting common computer issues.
Biometric Identification using Opencv Based on ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes a biometric identification system using OpenCV and Arduino. The system uses a PIR sensor to detect objects, sends data to an Arduino Uno microcontroller via a 12C interface. An attached camera captures video which is processed using OpenCV libraries to detect and frame faces, and identify eyes. The system was tested on single and multiple persons from different angles, achieving over 90% accuracy on frontal views but less on side and upward views where eyes were not always detected. The goal is to develop an intelligent surveillance system that can identify people in real-time.
This document provides an overview of an internship report submitted by Vishal Garg about embedded system development using an Arduino Uno. It includes chapters on introducing the project aims and methodology, a literature review on embedded systems, details about the Arduino Uno board and its programming, examples of programming projects completed, and conclusions from the internship. Tables of contents and figures are provided listing the different chapters, figures, tables, and photographs included in the report.
Input and Output devices of a computer.pptxRHONELYNHARO1
Input devices such as keyboards and mice allow a user to enter data into a computer. Output devices like computer monitors, printers, and speakers allow the computer to display or communicate the processed data back to the user. Some common input devices are keyboards, pointing devices, touchscreens, scanners, and microphones. Common output devices include computer monitors, LCD projectors, smart boards, printers, and speakers. Monitors can be CRT, LCD, or LED while printers include inkjet, laser, and thermal printers.
This document describes the design and implementation of a voice activated, programmable, multipurpose robot. The robot uses a microcontroller and various integrated circuits to enable voice control and wireless control via dual-tone multi-frequency signaling. The document provides details on the circuit design and components, software design in C and Assembly languages, and concludes the robot demonstrates satisfactory performance for applications such as guiding visitors or patients.
Mouse is a common input device used in graphical user interfaces to control the position of the cursor on a display screen. There are two main types of mice - mechanical mice which use a rolling ball and optical mice which use light sensors. Mice typically have one to three buttons. A trackball is similar to an upside-down mouse where the ball is stationary and the thumb moves it. A joystick is a pointing device used mainly for computer games and some professional applications to control cursor movement in any direction. Touch screens allow users to select options by touching the screen and can detect the location touched. Light pens are used for selecting options or drawing directly on the screen by detecting changes in screen brightness where the pen is pointed. Important display device
This document provides an overview of embedded systems and discusses Arduino. It defines an embedded system as a combination of hardware and software designed for a specific function. Embedded systems are commonly based on microcontrollers and are optimized for their dedicated tasks. Examples of embedded systems include appliances, vehicles, medical devices, and more. The document then discusses the Arduino platform as an example of an embedded system and how it can be programmed using its IDE software.
The document provides an outline for PC Awareness Training conducted over 5 days. Day 1 introduces components of computers and personal computers. Day 2 covers system unit components in two parts, focusing on hardware. Day 3 continues examining the system unit and components inside. Day 4 discusses installation, configuration, and upgrading operating systems and software. Day 5 is about diagnosing and troubleshooting common computer issues.
Biometric Identification using Opencv Based on ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes a biometric identification system using OpenCV and Arduino. The system uses a PIR sensor to detect objects, sends data to an Arduino Uno microcontroller via a 12C interface. An attached camera captures video which is processed using OpenCV libraries to detect and frame faces, and identify eyes. The system was tested on single and multiple persons from different angles, achieving over 90% accuracy on frontal views but less on side and upward views where eyes were not always detected. The goal is to develop an intelligent surveillance system that can identify people in real-time.
This document provides an overview of an internship report submitted by Vishal Garg about embedded system development using an Arduino Uno. It includes chapters on introducing the project aims and methodology, a literature review on embedded systems, details about the Arduino Uno board and its programming, examples of programming projects completed, and conclusions from the internship. Tables of contents and figures are provided listing the different chapters, figures, tables, and photographs included in the report.
Input and Output devices of a computer.pptxRHONELYNHARO1
Input devices such as keyboards and mice allow a user to enter data into a computer. Output devices like computer monitors, printers, and speakers allow the computer to display or communicate the processed data back to the user. Some common input devices are keyboards, pointing devices, touchscreens, scanners, and microphones. Common output devices include computer monitors, LCD projectors, smart boards, printers, and speakers. Monitors can be CRT, LCD, or LED while printers include inkjet, laser, and thermal printers.
This document describes the design and implementation of a voice activated, programmable, multipurpose robot. The robot uses a microcontroller and various integrated circuits to enable voice control and wireless control via dual-tone multi-frequency signaling. The document provides details on the circuit design and components, software design in C and Assembly languages, and concludes the robot demonstrates satisfactory performance for applications such as guiding visitors or patients.
This document describes the design and implementation of a voice activated, programmable, multipurpose robot. The robot uses a microcontroller and various integrated circuits to enable voice control and wireless control via dual-tone multi-frequency signaling. The document provides details on the circuit design and components, software design in C and Assembly languages, and concludes the robot demonstrates satisfactory performance for applications such as guiding visitors or patients.
The document provides an overview of computer systems and their evolution over five generations from 1940 to the present. It discusses the components of a basic computer system including the central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and storage. It describes the evolution of computing devices from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the current fifth generation incorporating artificial intelligence. The input, output, and storage devices of each generation are outlined. The document also defines the basic units of computer memory.
1) The document discusses various types of external devices used with computers including input devices like keyboards and mice, and output devices like monitors, printers, and storage devices.
2) It describes different types of monitors, keyboards, mice, printers, and storage devices such as hard drives, CDs/DVDs, and USB drives.
3) External devices can serve as primary storage for servers, secondary storage for backup and archiving, or transport data between on-site and off-site systems through cloud seeding using external storage devices.
This document describes a research project to develop an interactive checkers game using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The game will incorporate sensors and LED lights to detect the movement of magnetic checkers pieces on a physical board and display possible moves. Specifically, Hall sensors will detect changes in magnetic fields when a piece is lifted and RGB LED strips will show valid moves under the board. An Arduino microcontroller will process the sensor input and control the LEDs to update the display. The goals are to make checkers more engaging for children by incorporating predictive computer gameplay, and to foster interest in technology and problem-solving skills. Key components discussed include the Arduino, Hall sensors, LEDs, magnets in the pieces, resistors
This document discusses computer input and output devices. It describes various input devices like keyboards, pointing devices, game controllers, cameras, and scanners that allow users to enter data into a computer. It also covers output devices such as computer monitors, printers, speakers, headphones, and projectors that display or communicate the results of processed data to users. The document provides details on the purpose and functioning of different types of common input and output hardware used with computers.
Secondary storage devices are required mainly because primary storage devices are volatile and information is lost the moment power is switched off. Floppy Disks and Drive, Hard Disks, CD/DVD drive, Pen drive and magnetic tapes are some of the secondary storage devices.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
This document provides an overview of computer hardware components and their functions. It discusses the major internal components of a computer system including the system unit, motherboard, CPU, memory, expansion buses, power supply, hard disk drive, optical drive and ports. It also describes common input devices like keyboards, mice, scanners; output devices such as monitors, printers and speakers; and cables and connectors. The document concludes with a brief discussion of software and the people involved in operating computer systems.
Input and Output devices provides a brief and comprehensive overview of computer system basics. It is beneficial for novices and may provide more clear picture to advance users about computer fundamentals
The document provides an introduction to computers including definitions, components, evolution, and types of software. It defines a computer as a device that takes in raw data, processes it under a set of instructions, and provides an output. The main components are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices, and software. It then discusses the evolution of computers through five generations from 1940 to the present, driven by advances in vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors. The document also covers operating systems, programming languages, types of software including system software, application software and utility software.
This document provides an overview of computers and their components. It defines a computer as an electronic machine made up of hardware and software. The main components are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage, input devices, and output devices. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, and scanners, while common output devices include monitors, printers, and speakers. Memory is either primary memory (RAM) or secondary storage like hard disks. Factors that influence computer performance include CPU speed, memory capacity, hard disk speed, and bus speed.
Input devices such as keyboards, mice, and scanners allow users to enter data into a computer. Output devices like monitors, printers, and speakers allow the computer to display or communicate processed information to users. Peripheral devices are optional hardware components that are not essential for basic computer functioning. Common input devices use keyboard entry or direct entry to transfer data, while output occurs via visual displays, audio, or physical printouts.
This document discusses computer input, output, and storage devices. It describes common input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and other devices such as trackballs, graphics tablets, and microphones. Storage media include magnetic, optical, and solid-state devices for permanent data storage. Monitors and printers are examples of output devices, with monitors producing soft copy and printers producing hard copy. Input and output devices connect to computers physically or wirelessly.
The document discusses the major hardware components of a computer system, including the system unit, motherboard, CPU, memory, expansion bus, power supply, hard disk drive, optical drive, ports, and input/output devices. It describes the functions of these core internal parts and external components like monitors, printers, keyboards, and mice that allow interaction with the computer.
This document provides information about touchscreens and touchless touchscreen technology. It discusses the history and development of touchscreen technology. It describes how traditional touchscreens work using touch sensors, controllers, and drivers. It then introduces touchless touchscreen technology, which allows interaction through hand gestures in front of the screen rather than physical touch. Examples of touchless touchscreen products include touchless monitors, touch walls that can turn entire walls into touch interfaces using projected screens, and gesture-based user interfaces. The document explores several companies developing touchless technology solutions.
This document is a major project report submitted by G. Rajesh to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. The project involves the design of an X-Y-Z plotter under the guidance of Dr. N. Dinesh Kumar. The report includes declarations, certificates, acknowledgements, lists of abbreviations and figures, as well as chapters on the introduction, literature review, block diagram, hardware components, software, implementation, results and discussion, and conclusion.
A peripheral device is defined as a computer device, such as a keyboard or printer, that is not part of the essential computer (i.e., the memory and microprocessor). These auxiliary devices are intended to be connected to the computer and used.
↓↓↓↓ Read More:
Watch my videos on snack here: --> --> http://sck.io/x-B1f0Iy
@ Kindly Follow my Instagram Page to discuss about your mental health problems-
-----> https://instagram.com/mentality_streak?utm_medium=copy_link
@ Appreciate my work:
-----> behance.net/burhanahmed1
Thank-you !
The document provides an overview of the basic components and functions of a computer system. It discusses the four main parts: hardware, software, data, and users. It describes the basic hardware components including input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, and storage devices like hard drives, floppy disks, and CDs. It explains the basic functions of inputting, processing, outputting, and storing data. It also provides descriptions of software, communication devices, and computer networks.
The document provides an overview of the basic components and functions of a computer system. It discusses the four main parts: hardware, software, data, and users. It describes the basic hardware components including input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, storage devices, and communication devices. It also explains the basic functions of computers like input, processing, output, and storage. Finally, it discusses software programs, data, and users/peopleware as the other essential parts of a complete computer system.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This document describes the design and implementation of a voice activated, programmable, multipurpose robot. The robot uses a microcontroller and various integrated circuits to enable voice control and wireless control via dual-tone multi-frequency signaling. The document provides details on the circuit design and components, software design in C and Assembly languages, and concludes the robot demonstrates satisfactory performance for applications such as guiding visitors or patients.
The document provides an overview of computer systems and their evolution over five generations from 1940 to the present. It discusses the components of a basic computer system including the central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and storage. It describes the evolution of computing devices from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the current fifth generation incorporating artificial intelligence. The input, output, and storage devices of each generation are outlined. The document also defines the basic units of computer memory.
1) The document discusses various types of external devices used with computers including input devices like keyboards and mice, and output devices like monitors, printers, and storage devices.
2) It describes different types of monitors, keyboards, mice, printers, and storage devices such as hard drives, CDs/DVDs, and USB drives.
3) External devices can serve as primary storage for servers, secondary storage for backup and archiving, or transport data between on-site and off-site systems through cloud seeding using external storage devices.
This document describes a research project to develop an interactive checkers game using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The game will incorporate sensors and LED lights to detect the movement of magnetic checkers pieces on a physical board and display possible moves. Specifically, Hall sensors will detect changes in magnetic fields when a piece is lifted and RGB LED strips will show valid moves under the board. An Arduino microcontroller will process the sensor input and control the LEDs to update the display. The goals are to make checkers more engaging for children by incorporating predictive computer gameplay, and to foster interest in technology and problem-solving skills. Key components discussed include the Arduino, Hall sensors, LEDs, magnets in the pieces, resistors
This document discusses computer input and output devices. It describes various input devices like keyboards, pointing devices, game controllers, cameras, and scanners that allow users to enter data into a computer. It also covers output devices such as computer monitors, printers, speakers, headphones, and projectors that display or communicate the results of processed data to users. The document provides details on the purpose and functioning of different types of common input and output hardware used with computers.
Secondary storage devices are required mainly because primary storage devices are volatile and information is lost the moment power is switched off. Floppy Disks and Drive, Hard Disks, CD/DVD drive, Pen drive and magnetic tapes are some of the secondary storage devices.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
This document provides an overview of computer hardware components and their functions. It discusses the major internal components of a computer system including the system unit, motherboard, CPU, memory, expansion buses, power supply, hard disk drive, optical drive and ports. It also describes common input devices like keyboards, mice, scanners; output devices such as monitors, printers and speakers; and cables and connectors. The document concludes with a brief discussion of software and the people involved in operating computer systems.
Input and Output devices provides a brief and comprehensive overview of computer system basics. It is beneficial for novices and may provide more clear picture to advance users about computer fundamentals
The document provides an introduction to computers including definitions, components, evolution, and types of software. It defines a computer as a device that takes in raw data, processes it under a set of instructions, and provides an output. The main components are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices, and software. It then discusses the evolution of computers through five generations from 1940 to the present, driven by advances in vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors. The document also covers operating systems, programming languages, types of software including system software, application software and utility software.
This document provides an overview of computers and their components. It defines a computer as an electronic machine made up of hardware and software. The main components are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage, input devices, and output devices. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, and scanners, while common output devices include monitors, printers, and speakers. Memory is either primary memory (RAM) or secondary storage like hard disks. Factors that influence computer performance include CPU speed, memory capacity, hard disk speed, and bus speed.
Input devices such as keyboards, mice, and scanners allow users to enter data into a computer. Output devices like monitors, printers, and speakers allow the computer to display or communicate processed information to users. Peripheral devices are optional hardware components that are not essential for basic computer functioning. Common input devices use keyboard entry or direct entry to transfer data, while output occurs via visual displays, audio, or physical printouts.
This document discusses computer input, output, and storage devices. It describes common input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and other devices such as trackballs, graphics tablets, and microphones. Storage media include magnetic, optical, and solid-state devices for permanent data storage. Monitors and printers are examples of output devices, with monitors producing soft copy and printers producing hard copy. Input and output devices connect to computers physically or wirelessly.
The document discusses the major hardware components of a computer system, including the system unit, motherboard, CPU, memory, expansion bus, power supply, hard disk drive, optical drive, ports, and input/output devices. It describes the functions of these core internal parts and external components like monitors, printers, keyboards, and mice that allow interaction with the computer.
This document provides information about touchscreens and touchless touchscreen technology. It discusses the history and development of touchscreen technology. It describes how traditional touchscreens work using touch sensors, controllers, and drivers. It then introduces touchless touchscreen technology, which allows interaction through hand gestures in front of the screen rather than physical touch. Examples of touchless touchscreen products include touchless monitors, touch walls that can turn entire walls into touch interfaces using projected screens, and gesture-based user interfaces. The document explores several companies developing touchless technology solutions.
This document is a major project report submitted by G. Rajesh to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. The project involves the design of an X-Y-Z plotter under the guidance of Dr. N. Dinesh Kumar. The report includes declarations, certificates, acknowledgements, lists of abbreviations and figures, as well as chapters on the introduction, literature review, block diagram, hardware components, software, implementation, results and discussion, and conclusion.
A peripheral device is defined as a computer device, such as a keyboard or printer, that is not part of the essential computer (i.e., the memory and microprocessor). These auxiliary devices are intended to be connected to the computer and used.
↓↓↓↓ Read More:
Watch my videos on snack here: --> --> http://sck.io/x-B1f0Iy
@ Kindly Follow my Instagram Page to discuss about your mental health problems-
-----> https://instagram.com/mentality_streak?utm_medium=copy_link
@ Appreciate my work:
-----> behance.net/burhanahmed1
Thank-you !
The document provides an overview of the basic components and functions of a computer system. It discusses the four main parts: hardware, software, data, and users. It describes the basic hardware components including input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, and storage devices like hard drives, floppy disks, and CDs. It explains the basic functions of inputting, processing, outputting, and storing data. It also provides descriptions of software, communication devices, and computer networks.
The document provides an overview of the basic components and functions of a computer system. It discusses the four main parts: hardware, software, data, and users. It describes the basic hardware components including input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, storage devices, and communication devices. It also explains the basic functions of computers like input, processing, output, and storage. Finally, it discusses software programs, data, and users/peopleware as the other essential parts of a complete computer system.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
2. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware and System Start up.
i.
ii.
Meaning of Computer Hardware
Assembling a Computer System
iii. Starting and Shutting down a Computer System
iv. Activity 2.4: Starting and shutting down a Computer
System
3. CHAPTER 2:
Computer Hardware and System Start up
By the end of this chapter you should be able to:
a) know the physical devices of a computer system and how each
operates.
b) assemble a computer system.
c) safely start and shut down a computer system.
d) use computer peripheral tools.
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 3
4. Meaning of Computer Hardware
QTN: Have you ever used a desktop computer or a laptop
computer?
Is a computer one single part, or a group of parts?
Generally, a computer is a system of many parts working
together as shown in Figure 2.1. below
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 4
6. • The tangible parts that you can touch and feel such as
the monitor, keyboard, mouse, disk drives, printer,
scanner and speakers, are collectively referred to as
hardware.
• The opposite of hardware is software, which refers to
the instructions or programs that tell the hardware what
to do. Software is intangible
Qtn: Define;
i. Hardware…………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
…………........
ii. Software…………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
…………………...
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 6
7. Categories Of Computer Hardware
Hardware devices are categorized
according to their functions. The various
hardware categories include
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Input devices
Output devices
Storage hardware
Processing hardware
Communication hardware
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 7
8. INPUT HARDWARE
Input hardware refers to hardware that is
used to enter/ compose/ feed instructions
into the computer.
Categories of input hardware
i. Pointing input devices.
ii. Text input hardware devices.
iii. Gaming input hardware devices.
iv. Video, image input devices.
v. Audio input devices.
vi. Biometric input devices.
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 8
9. POINTING DEVICES.
These are input devices that control the movement of
a cursor or pointer in a Graphical User Interface
(GUI). eg
•Mouse
•Tracker ball
•Touch screen
•Touch pad (glide pad)
•Pointing stick
•Stylus
•Graphics tablet
•Light pen
•Cyber glove
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 9
10. THE MOUSEAND ITS PARTS
• .
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 10
18. B. TEXT INPUT HARDWARE.
• Keyboard
• Bar code readers
• Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR reader)
• Quick Response Code Reader(QR Code reader)
• Optical character recognition devices
• Speech recognition systems
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 18
19. 1. KEYBOARD
It is a primary input device made up of numbers, letters,
symbols and special keys used to enter data into the
computer. The arrangement of keys on the keyboard is
called key board layout.
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 19
20. 2. Abar code reader, also called a bar code scanner, is an optical
reader that uses laser beams to read bar codes by using light
patterns that pass through the bar code lines.
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 20
21. 3. SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEMS
•These are systems that accept speech input
and act on it or transcribe it into written
language.
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 21
22. 5. QUICK RESPONSE CODE READER
(QR READER)
•The QR code is the trademark for a type
of two-dimensional bar codes in which
information is represented by black and
white dots (so-called "square data dots"
or "data pixels").
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 22
23. GAMING INPUT HARDWARE DEVICE
These are devices with which one control and
play a game on personal computer.
•Joystick
•Game pad (or joy pad)
•Paddle
•Power Pad
•Light guns,
•Dance pads
•Motion-sensing controllers
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 23
24. IMAGE, VIDEO INPUT HARDWAREDEVICES
Are devices that are used to record video,
images and other moving activities.
EXAMPLES
•Image scanner
•3D scanner
•Digital camera
•Digital camcorder
•Webcam
•Digital Video Recorder (DVR)
•Digital video cameras
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 24
29. 6. DIGITAL VIDEO CAMERAS
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 29
30. AUDIO INPUT DEVICES
Are devices with that are used to capture
sound waves and convert it into a digital file on
a computer.
•Digital voice recorder.
•Microphone
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 30
31. BIOMETRIC INPUT HARDWARE
This an input device used in the identification of a
person by the measurement of their biological
features/characteristics. eg
1. Finger print scanner
2. Face verification systems
3. Hand geometry system
4. Voice recognition system
5. An iris recognition system
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 31
32. FINGER PRINT SCANNER
• Afingerprint scanner captures curves and indentations of a
fingerprint.
• Some supermarkets and shops now use fingerprint
readers as a means of payment, where the customer's
fingerprint is linked to a payment method such as a
account or credit card.
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 32
33. FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEMS
•Aface recognition system
captures a live face image and
compares it with a stored image
to determine if the person is a
legitimate user.
•Some buildings use face
recognitionsystems to secure
access to rooms.
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 33
34. AVOICE VERIFICATION SYSTEM compares a
person's live speech with their stored voice
pattern. Some larger organizations use voice
verification systems as time and attendance
devices.
ASIGNATURE VERIFICATION SYSTEM
recognizes the shape of your handwritten
signature, as well as measures the pressure
exerted and the motion used to write the
signature.
Signature verification system uses a specialized
pen and tablet.
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 34
35. IRIS RECOGNITION SYSTEM
High security areas use iris recognition systems. The
camera in an iris recognition system uses iris
recognition technology to read patterns in the iris of
the eye. Iris recognition systems are used by
government security organizations, the military, and
financial institutions that deal with highly sensitive
data.
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 35
36. Exercise
1(a). What is a biometric device?
……………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
(b). How do biometrics devices work?
………………………………………………………..
(c). List any five biometric systems/devices
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………..
(d).Mention advantages of using biometric
devices today.
…………………………………………………………..
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 36
37. OUTPUT HARDWARE
Output is data that has been processed into a
useful form called information.
Output device is any hardware capable of
conveying information to one or more people.
Eg printers; speakers, headsets and
earphones; fax machines and fax modems;
multifunction peripherals; data projectors;
interactive whiteboards; etc
CATEGORIES OF OUTPUT
•Text output
•Graphics
•Audio
•Video/image output
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38. DISPLAY DEVICES
Display devices are output devices that visually present text,
graphics, and video information. The information displayed on the
screen is called soft copy.
Examples of display devices include; Monitor, Projector,
interactive boards, screens.
Soft Copy is an electronic copy of some type of data, such as a
file viewed on a computer's display medium.
Desktop computers typically use a monitor as their display device.
Amonitor is a display device that is packaged as a separate
peripheral.
Monitors can be of flat-panel displays and CRT(Cathode Ray
Tube) monitors.
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39. Aflat-panel display is a lightweight display device
with a shallow depth and flat screen that typically
uses LCD (liquid crystal display) or gas plasma
technology.
Types of flat -panel displays include
i. LCD monitors
ii. Plasma monitors.
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 39
40. An LCD Monitor
• .
APlasma Monitor
• ,
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41. CRT Monitors
ACRT monitor is a desktop monitor that contains a
cathode-ray tube. Acathode-ray tube (CRT) is a large,
sealed glass tube. The front of the tube is the screen.
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 41
42. Advantages of CRT monitors over flat panel
monitors
1. CRT monitors have better color representation
/output than flat panel.
2. Can be viewed from a very wide angle.
3. Cheaper in cost than LCD monitors in general.
Advantages of flat panel monitors over CRT
monitors
1. LCD monitors consume less power than
CRT monitors.
2. LCD monitors are smaller and weigh less
space than traditional CRT monitors.
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 42
43. 3. Radiation emitted by LCD monitors is
less than that of CRTs.
4. They have a narrow viewing angle
compared to CRT monitors.
5. They have a higher refresh rate compared
to CRT monitors.
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44. PROJECTORS
•This displays information from the
computer screen on a large screen that
the audience can clearly see.
•Most schools use projectors in their
classrooms.
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45. PRINTERS
•Aprinter is an output device that
produces text and graphics on a
physical medium such as paper.
•Printed information is called hard
copy because the information exists
physically and is a more permanent
form of output than that presented
on a display device (soft copy).
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 45
46. The material on which information is
printed is called a print medium. This
can be paper, cloth, glass, wood,
plastic, etc
Printers can be categorized in several
ways the most common distinction is
the IMPACT and NON-IMPACT
printers.
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 46
47. IMPACT PRINTERS
These are printers that produce hard
copy output by the print heads
physically touching the print media.
Examples of such printers include;
1. Character printers
2. Line printers
3. Dot matrix printers
chapter 2 TR. David Bujaasi
4. Page printersSsalongo@ICT Dept-STSSN 47
48. Character printers: These print one
character at a time mimicking a typewriter.
E.g. daisy wheel printer
Line printers: These print an entire line at
a time.
Dot matrix printers: These form
characters by print heads forming a pattern
of dots on paper to give an out put.
Page printers: These print an entire page
at a time. They are faster than the above
categories
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49. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPACT PRINTERS
1.Produces text and images when tiny wire pins on print
head strike the ink ribbon by physically contacting the
print media
2.Low printing speed
3.Print quality is lower in some types
4.Produce near letter quality (NLQ) print only, which is
just suitable for printing mailing labels, envelopes, or
invoices
5.Uses ink ribbon
6.Less expensive
7.Reliable, durable (lasting for a long time)
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50. ADVANTAGES OF IMPACT PRINTERS
•They are easier to maintain since they
withstand most conditions.
•They are less expensive compared to
non-impact printers.
•They have a bigger long life spans.
•Can print heavy graphics.
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51. DISADVANTAGES OF USING IMPACT
PRINTERS
•They are noisy during operation.
•They tend to overheat during operation.
•They produce poor quality compared to
non-impact printers.
•Their printing speed is slower compared
to non-impact printers.
•They require special form of papers.
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52. NON-IMPACT
•These are printers that produce
hard copy output without the print
heads physically touching the print
media.
•Inkjet printers
•Photo printers
•Laserjet printer
•Thermal printers
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57. ADVANTAGES OF USING NON- IMPACT
PRINTERS
•They are quiet during operation.
•They don’t overheat during
operation.
•They produce good quality outputs
compared to impact printers.
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58. •Their printing speed faster
compared to impact printers.
•They require little power
compared to the impact printers.
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59. DISADVANTAGES OF USING NON-
IMPACT PRINTERS
•They are more expensive compared
to impact printers.
•Most are selective on the type of
paper they use.
•Cartridges are special for most of
these computers.
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60. FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHILE
OBTAININGAPRINTER FOR USE
• Aprinter’s resolution helps to determine quality of images it can
produce.
• Aprinter’s speed determines how quickly it can output pages.
• Amount of memory available in the printer for buffering and spooling
activities.
• Cost of the printer.
• Type of printer to be bought? Is it impact or non impact?
• Running cost of the printer.
• Capability of sharing the printer through a network for large
organisations.
• Ink Cartridges and Toner.
• Purpose of the printer.
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61. HOW TO CARE FOR PRINTERS
• Keep your printer clean – Be sure to clean the printer regularly
inside-out and close the paper feed trays when not in use.
• Keep it covered - When not in use, cover the whole printer unit
with a cloth or a plastic cover.
• Turn it off - When the printer is not in use, press the Power
button on the printer to shut it down and turn off the mains.
• Use it frequently - Use your printer at least once every two
weeks to ensure that it is in a proper working condition.
• Always use original cartridges as recommended by the
manufacturer. Avoid cheap/refilled ink cartridges and toners
because they affect the printer’s performance and the quality of
your prints.
• Avoid low quality papers -Using cheap, low quality papers
with your printer can affect the print quality and cause paper
jams. Manufacturers generally specify the type of paper you
need to use.
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62. SPEAKERS (audio/speech)
•Audio output devices produce sound
/speech or beeps. These include;
Speakers.
Headphones/headsets.
Earphones.
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63. INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES
There are devices that enter data into the
computer as well as present/display
information from the computer.
•Fax machine.
•Touch screen.
•Digital camera.
•Interactive white board (smart board).
•Multifunctional peripheral like printers,
scanners, etc
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65. TERMS:
Reading is the process of transferring data,
instructions, and information from a storage medium
into memory.
Writing is the process of transferring these items
from memory to a storage medium.
Memory is a temporary area for holding data,
instructions, and information.
Storage capacity refers to how much data a storage
medium is able to hold.
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66. Access time Refers to the time it takes to
locate an item on a storage medium.
Storage medium refers to the physical
material on which a computer keeps data.
Storage device refers to hardware
components that are used to record and
retrieve data to and from a storage medium
Transfer rate This refers to the speed at
which data is transferred from one device to
another.
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67. Data/information access mode
Refers to how an item can be accessed on a
medium either sequentially or randomly.
There are two type of data access modes i.e
•Direct/random access mode
This is a mode of access in which data
items are accessed without following any
sequence.
•Sequential access mode
This is a type access in which data items
are accessed in order from the first to the
last.
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68. FACTORS CONSIDERED IN CLASSIFYING STORAGE
•
•
•
•
•
Amount of data stored.
Method of data access.
Technology used to store data.
Whether the medium is fixed or removable
Whether the storage medium is internal or
external
• Whether the storage medium can hold data
for a short time or for a long period of time?
• Whether storage medium is fast or slow to
access
• Whether the storage capacity of medium can
be TR. David Bujaasi
chapter 2expanded or not.Ssalongo@ICT Dept-STSSN 68
69. TYPES OF MEMORY
PRIMARY MEMORY
The computer storage location that is directly accessed by
the computer’s CPU. For example RAM,ROM,CMOS,
Virtual Memory,Cache Memory
SECONDARY MEMORY
The computer storage not directly accessed by the
computer’s CPU.Also called removable storage.
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70. 1.RANDOMACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
Is an example of primary volatile memory in
the system unit.Volatile memory looses its
content when the computer is turned off.
Contents in RAM can be updated,adjusted and
modified.
The two basic types of RAM are;
• Dynamic RAM
• Static RAM.
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71. 2. READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
Is an example of non-volatile memory. ROM chips
contains data, instructions, or information, which
is recorded permanently by the manufacturers
are known as firmware.
Types of ROM
•PROM - Programmable read-only memory
•EPROM - Erasable programmable read-only memory
•EEPROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable
Read-Only Memory.
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73. 3. VIRTUAL MEMORY
•Refers to memory (VM), borrowed from the
hard disk by the operating system to function
as additional RAM.
4. CACHE MEMORY
•This is a memory that stores frequently used
instructions and data in order to speed up the
processes of computing
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74. 5. CMOS - COMPLEMENTARYMETAL-OXIDE
SEMICONDUCTOR
Is used to store configuration information about the
computer, which includes amount of memory,
types of disk drives, keyboard, monitor, current
date and time, etc.
CMOS chips use CMOS battery power to retain
information even when the computer is turned off.
The CMOS chip is updated whenever new
components are installed.
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75. 7. BUFFER:
The temporary storage location mainly found in
output devices such as a printer.
8. CLIPBOARD
The temporary storage location mainly found in
input devices such as a keyboard and mouse.
During copy and paste, the copied work stays in the
clipboard until replaced by the newly copied work or
when the computer is switched off.
9. REGISTER: The temporary high speed storage
location in the CPU.
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76. FUNCTIONS OF PRIMARY MEMORY
•It holds programs and files under current use.
•Stores files needed for a complete boot process
of the computer.
•It determines efficiency and performance of a
computer.
•It provides extra space for the CPU while
processing data by swapping files in and out of
the hard drive.
•Primary memory enables the user to recover
work in memory for the last 5 minutes in case of
a power cut.
•Very important for a user to take a purchase
decision of a computer set
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77. MEMORY MEASUREMENT
•In a computer system, data is
represented using the binary coding
system
•Acombination of binary digits called
bits
•There are only two binary digits; 1(on)
and 0 (off). 8 of these bits are
chapter 2 TR. David Bujaasi Ssalongo@ICT a
arranged to representDept-STSSNcharacter.77
78. MEMORY MEASUREMENT UNITS
Bit: This is the smallest unit of memory
measurement
Nibble: This is a group of four binary bits.
Byte: This is a set of eight bits. Each byte
represents a character.
Kilobyte (KBs): This is a set of 1024 bytes.
Megabyte(MBs): This is a set of 1024 KBs.
Gigabyte(GBs): This is a set of 1024 MBs.
Terabyte(TBs): This is a set of 1024 GBs
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79. SECONDARYSTORAGE
Secondary storage.
•This is also known as auxiliary storage which is
designed to retain data and instructions and
programs in a relatively permanent form.
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80. 5.3.1 Categories of Secondary Storage Media
•There is a wide variety of storage devices in the
following categories.
•(A) Magnetic media,
•(B) Optical media
•(C) Solid-state media and
Other Types of Storage Media such as
• Photographic film
• Microfilm and Microfiche
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81. (A) Magnetic media
• Magnetic storage media represent data as magnetic
spots on the tape or disk, with a magnetized spot
representing a 1 bit and the absence of such a spot
representing a 0 bit.
• Common examples of magnetic media include:
•Magnetic tape
•Floppy disk,
•Hard disks
•Magnetic stripe Card
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86. (B) Optical Media
•An optical disc is a flat, round, portable
storage medium made of metal, plastic, and
lacquer that is written and read by a beam of
laser light.
•The reflected light is converted into a series of
bits that the computer can process.
•Optical discs used in personal computers are
4.75 inches in diameter. Smaller computers and
devices use mini discs that have a diameter of 3
inches or less.
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87. Care for Optical Discs
•Care for Optical Disks
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88. Categories of Optical Discs
• Two general categories are CDs and DVDs, with DVDs having
a much greater storage capacity than CDs.
• Examples of Optical Disks include:
• CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory): These are written
by the manufacturer and can not be modified.Atypical CD-
ROM can hold from 650 MB to 1GB of data, but most hold
700MB.
• CD-R (compact disc-recordable) is a technology that allows
you to write on a compact disc using your own computer’s CD-
R drive.
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89. Categories of Optical Discs
• ACD-RW (compact disc-rewritable) is an erasable multisession
disc that you can write on multiple times.
• DVD-ROM (digital video disc-ROM).ADVD-ROM is an
extremely high capacity compact disc capable of storing from
4.7 GB to 17GB.
• DVDs are also available in a variety of recordable and rewritable
versions and formats such as DVD-R and DVD+R DVD+RW,
DVD+RE, and DVD+RAM.
• ABlu-ray Dics-ROM (BD-ROM) has storage capacities of up to
100 GB.
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90. BLUE RAY
• Refers to the blue laser used to read the disc, which
allows information to be stored at a greater density than
is possible with the longer-wavelength red laser used for
DVDs.
• These store large amounts of data than other optical
devices (up to 128GB)
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91. ADVANTAGES OF USINGACD – ROMS
• Much faster to access than a floppy but currently slower
than a hard disk .
• Can hold 650 MB -700 MB of data and more.
• Useful for the distribution of today’s large programs and
information libraries, which you can then copy (all or in part)
onto your hard disk.
• Also widely used by music industry as they give quality
sound and do not wear out like cassette tape.
• It is the safest form of storage, provided that you don’t
attack it with a sharp or heavy object.
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92. (C) Solid-state media
•Solid-state storage (SSS) is a type of computer
storage media that stores data electronically and
has no moving parts.
•Solid state is a non-volatile storage that employs
integrated circuits rather than mechanical,
magnetic or optical technology.
Examples include:
•Flash Memory Cards
•USB Flash Disks
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95. CLOUD/ONLINE STORAGE
•Online / cloud storage
is storage for keeping
data with a third party
accessed via the
internet..
•Online storage is virtual
storage approach & its
accessed remotely
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96. CLASSES OF STORAGE BASED ON TECHNOLOGY
1. Magnetic Storage Technology is storage the uses magnetism to
keep data. Media in this class are; Magnetic tape, DigitalAudio
Tape, Floppy disk, Hard disk, Reel-to-reel audio tape recording,
Compact audio cassette
2. Optical Storage Technology is storage where data is written/ read
by use of laser. Media in the class are;Compact disc, DVD,
Blue ray
3. Solid State Storage Technology is storage that read/ writes data
on media without any moving parts. E.g.Flash disk, Memory
cards.
4. Online Storage Technology is storage over a network like the
internet e.g. Google drive, drop box, I-cloud, e-mail storage
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97. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER STORAGE MEDIA
• To serve & work as backing storage.
• To store large programs and files needed by the computer
to work.
• To keep user’s files for future use in a more permanent
nature.
• To act as a yardstick considered when a user is to take an
accurate decision before computer purchase.
• To work as an ideal storage location and distribution of
software products to end users
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98. FACTORS TO CONSIDER BEFORE BUYINGA NEW STORAGE
MEDIUM
• Capacity of the storage medium
• Whether removable or fixed
• The access speed of the storage medium
• The access method of storage medium
• Technology of the storage medium
• Access time of the storage medium
• The cost of the storage medium against the buyer’s
budget
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99. HOW TO CARE FOR STORAGE MEDIA
• Don’t eat anything while you are working and using storage
media.
• Install strong, genuine and updatedAnti-virus software to protect
storage media from malware.
• Keep away magnets from the magnetic storage media.
• Don’t keep your computer storage media in the moist
temperature..
• Don’t keep heavy or huge things on the storage media
• Keep away eatables or drinks of any type.
• Make your computer protected from the dust.
• Don’t keep storage media under direct sun light especially
optical storage media.
TR. David Bujaasi Ssalongo@ICT chapter 2
• Keep optical storage media in jackets.Dept-STSSN 99
100. CHAPTER QTNS
1.(a) Distinguish between softcopy and hardcopy output (02 marks)
(b) Give three situations where a hardcopy is preferred compared to a
soft copy (03 marks)
2.(a) What is meant by computer hardware? (01 mark)
(b) State four major classification of computer hardware (04 marks)
3.(a) Define the term input device? (01 mark)
(b) State four ways of inputting data into the computer, giving an
example for each (04 marks)
4.(a) Differentiate RAM from ROM (02 marks)
(b) List down any three factors that should be considered when
purchasing a computer (03 marks)
5.(a) state three devices that can be used as both input and output (03
marks)
(b) Mention any two practical uses of Light Emitting Diode(LED) on a
printer (02 marks)
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101. 6 (a)Peter went to buy a monitor to use on his computer. He
preferred LCD monitors to CRT monitors. State three advantages of
LCDs over CRTs (03 marks)
(b) Mention two disadvantages of LCD technology as compared to
CRT (02 marks)
7(a) Define the following terms as used in display devices (03
marks)
i) Resolution
ii) Refresh rate
iii) Video card
(b) Outline any two factors to consider when choosing a monitor
(02 marks)
8(a) state the difference between impact and non-impact printers
(02 marks)
chapter 2
(b) Mention three advantages of non-impact printers over impact
printers (03 marks) TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 101
102. 9(a) Define the term multimedia as used in computing (02 marks)
(b) List three requirements of multimedia systems (03 marks)
10(a) what is meant by “dead tree edition” as used in computer
hardware (01 mark)
(b) State one specialized application of each of these Hardware
devices (04 marks)
i. Light pen
ii. Stylus and graphic tablet
iii. Barcode reader
iv.Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Reader
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103. 11.Define the following terms as applied to computer hardware (05 marks)
i. cache memory
ii.serial port
iii.peripheral device
iv.primary memory
v.secondary memory
12 State the use of each of the following memory (05 marks)
i. Cache memory
ii.Firmware
iii.Buffer
iv.CMOS
v.Virtual memory
13 (a) Define the term machine cycle? (01 marks)
(b) Briefly describe each of these operations of the machine cycle (04 marks)
i. Fetching
ii.Decoding
iii.Executing
iv.Storage
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104. EXERCISES
• Explainthemeaningof the followingterms usedin computer storage
(i) Writing(ii) Reading(ii) Storagecapacity (iii) Storagemedium(iv) Storage device(v) Access time (vi)Access
method(vii)Transfer rate(viii) cache memory(ix) flash memory(x) virtual memory(xi) onlinestorage
• Whatis the differencebetween primaryand secondarystorage?
• Distinguishbetweenrandomandsequentialmodesof access usedin storagemedia
• Explain some forms of primary memorythat ensure properperformanceof a computer
• Distinguishbetweenremovableandfixed storage
• With examplesexplainthe termprimary memory
• Statethe differencebetweenRAMandROM
• With examples,explainthe differencebetweenvolatileand non-volatilememory
• Explainthefollowingtechnologiesusedin computerstorage
a)
b)
c)
Solid state technology
Optical technology
Magnetictechnology
• State threeadvantagesof DVDs over compact discs
• Statethe four ways you wouldcare for optical storagemedia
• Whatfactors wouldyou considerbeforebuying storage mediafor use?
• Howmany bits are in the characters that form your surname?
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105. 1. Calculate the size in bytes that a file of 5 kilobytes can occupy
on a disk.
2. John wants to transfer video clips of capacity 2GB. How many
compact discs does he need? (03 marks)
3. Estimate the number of CD-R’s (compact disk recordable)
which will be needed to make a backup of a folder occupying
2.5 GB on the hard disk of a computer.
4. Teo’s network access speed is six megabytes per second.
How many kilobytes does Teo’snetwork receive or send per
second? (02 marks)
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107. Central Processing Unit
The CPU is the primary
component of a
computer that processes
instructions.
It processes the data
and produces output,
which may stored or
displayed on the screen.
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108. The CPU mounted onto the computer
motherboard
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109. Components of a CPU
ACPU consists of three main
parts which include the
following;
1. Control Unit (CU)
2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
3. Registers (and other
memories)
• Control unit
This is a part of the CPU
that tells the rest of the
computer system how to
carry out programs
instruction, i.e. directs the
movement of electronic
signals between ram and
input and output devices.
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110. • Arithmetic logic unit
It performs arithmetic
operations(addition,
subtraction, multiplication
and division) and logic
operation on data.
• Register/ other memories
Registers are temporary high
speed storage area that
holds data and instructions
that are being used shortly by
the computer.
• Cache memory(L1)
Cache memory is a high speed memory CPU to keep
frequently used data and instructions during program
execution.
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111. Functions of CPU
• To perform arithmetic, logical and comparison operations
on data and instructions.
• To decode program instructions.
• To fetch data and program instructions from memory.
• To control functions of other hardware components.
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112. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
HOW TO CARE FOR HARDWARE
Don’t eat anything while you are working with the computer.
Install theAnti-virus software.
Check unknown files that you receive over internet.
Keep away magnet from the computer’s hardware.
Don’t keep your computer in the moist temperature.
Protect your computer from the voltage deviation.
Make sure that the wires of the computer plugged correctly.
Don’t keep heavy or huge things on the keyboard or mouse.
Keep away eatables or drinks of any type.
Make your computer protected from the dust.
Don’t unplug the system while it is running.
Keep the system firewall enabled.
Don’t keep floppy disk or CD disk in the sun.
Keep the hardware protected from jerks.
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113. EXERCISE
• What is a CPU?
• State the parts that make up the CPU
• Describe a five functions of the CPU
• Compare the roles of theALU and the control unit in the CPU
• Explain the roles of the different Registers found in the CPU
chapter 2 TR. Pacutho Andrew @ICT Dept-NGSS 113
114. Activity 2.1: Parts of a computer
• Discuss and identify whether use of each of the devices in Figure
2.1 is an input, output, storage, communication or processing
device and summarize your findings in the table below
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115. Activity 2.2: Categories of computer
hardware
1. What is the difference between a soft copy and a hard
copy? Give examples to support you answer.
2. Move around the computer laboratory or any office in
your school and identify other computer hardware
devices other than those mentioned in figure 2.1.
Summarize their details in terms of name, features,
function and category.
3. Identify at least one device in each category and
demonstrate how it works.
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116. Assembling a Computer System
• At the beginning of this chapter, you looked at hardware
devices which can be categorized as
input devices like mouse, keyboard, microphone,
camera;
output devices like monitor, printer, projector,
speakers;
storage devices like hard disks, flash disks compact
disks;
processing devices like a CPU.
• Some of these devices are summarized in figure 2.2.
below
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118. • When these devices are connected together, they make a
computersystem.
• For a computer system to work well, the above hardware
devices must be connected properly.
For instance,
• Akeyboard, mouse, monitor should be connected to the
System unit; the system unit and the monitor are then
connected to power either directly to the sockets or through a
UPS by use of power cables.
• If you are setting up a newly purchased computer, you will
probably find a how-to guide or a user guide in the packaging
that includes step-by-step details.
• However, even if it does not include instructions, you can still
TR. David few easyDept-STSSN set up
chapter 2 the computer in justBujaasi Ssalongo@ICT steps. 118
119. Activity 2.3:Assembling a Computer System (Desktop)
Write down any key steps followed to assemble a computer system
i.
ii.
Check whether all the devices required are available.
Locate the monitor cable. It will usually be either a VGAor DVI
cable. VGAcables will often have blue connectors to make them
easier to identify.
iii. Connect one end of the cable to the monitor port on the back of the
computer case and the other end to the monitor. Hand-tighten the
plastic-covered screws on the monitor cable to secure it.
iv. Connect other devices by critically looking at the port types.
v. Locate the power supply cables. Plug the first power supply cable
into the back of the computer case, and then into a surge protector.
Then, using the other cable, connect the monitor to the surge
protector.
vi. Finally, plug the surge protector into a wall outlet. You may also need
to turn the surge protector on if it has a power switch.
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120. What precautions must be taken while assembling a
computer system?
• Fully shut down and unplug the computer before you make any
attempts to assemble the computer especially the system case
components.
• Take off any metal objects on your arms or fingers such as
bracelets, rings or watches. Even if your unit is unplugged, there
may still be some remaining electric charge.
• Make sure your hands are completely dry to avoid damaging any
mechanical parts as well as to avoid electrocution.
• Work in a cool area to avoid perspiration for the same reason as
seen in the previous number.
• Before touching any part within the system case, put your hands
against another metal surface (such as the computer casing) to
remove static charge, which may damage sensitive devices.
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121. • Prepare a place to keep any screws you may remove.Acontainer or
piece of paper with labels for each part (casing, motherboard, CD
drive, etc) is ideal to avoid confusion between the similar-looking
screws.
• Handle all parts with care. Place each piece you remove carefully
down onto a stable surface.
• If a component does not come out easily, do not forcefully remove it.
Instead, check that you are removing it correctly and that no wires or
other parts are in the way.
• Be careful when holding the motherboard, it’s underside actually
quite pointy and able to hurt you.
• Never attempt to remove the power source, a box attached to the side
or bottom of the unit to which all cables are connected.
• When removing any cables, wires or ribbons, make sure to grasp the
wire at the base or head to keep it from breaking.
• Be careful not to drop any small parts (particularly screws) into
unreachable areas such as into the computer fan or disk drive.
• Take note that the three of the most damaging things to a computer
are moisture (sweat, drinking water), shock (electric or from being
dropped) and dust (any debris from household dust to bits of food).
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122. Setting up a laptop computer
If you have a laptop, setup should be very easy.
i. Just open it up and press the power button.
ii. If the battery is not charged, you will need to plug in
theAC adapter and charge it before using it.
iii. If your laptop has any peripherals, such as external
speakers, mice, keyboard you will connect the
same way as desktop computers, since laptops and
desktops generally use the same types of
connections.
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123. Starting and Shutting down a Computer System
• After assembling a computer, the next step is how it can be
powered on correctly, used and then shut down with proper
procedures.
• The process of starting a computer is called booting.
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124. Starting the computer:
• Make sure all the plugs are well connected.
• Switch on the electricity socket and the Uninterruptible Power
Supply Unit.
• Press the power button on the computer monitor first. It should
show signal.
• Press the power button on the system unit.
• The computer should now start to boot and load windows.
• If the welcome screen appears, select your username and enter
the password.
• The Desktop should now appear.
• Give it time to load the elements and start up programs.
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125. Shutting down a Computer System
• Turn off Computer (power) option
is located on the Start menu as
shown in figure 2.4.
• The Turn off Computer (power)
dialog has the
i.
ii.
Sleep/ Standby / Hibernate
option,
Shutdown option
iii. Restart Options.
• Log Off and Switch User options
are also located on the Start
menu.
• ,
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126. Activity 2.4: Starting and shutting down a
computer system
1. Explain the logical order of switching on the assembled
computer system and how it can be shut down properly.
2. Stating from a fully connected computer system, demonstrate
how a computer can be switched on and later switched off after
use.
3. What precautions MUST be considered in 2. above.
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127. Activity of Integration
• Sazamwe Secondary School is planning to have a careers day to
sensitize S.1 students about the importance of vocational
subjects.
• The 100 students of S.1 will assemble in the main hall which has
a power supply. The career’s teacher will share pictures and
videos showing areas where various subjects are applicable.
Task
Advise the career’s teacher on which computer hardware devices
will be needed and how they work to support her presentation to
the students.
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128. Chapter Summary
In this chapter, you have learnt about:
a) the physical devices of a computer system and how each
operates.
b) how to assemble a computer system.
c) safely starting and shutting down a computer system.
d) using computer peripheral tools.
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