The document discusses information and communication technology (ICT). It defines ICT and explains why it is needed. It provides a brief history of ICT and compares ICT from the past to present. Examples of ICT gadgets and media are given. Breakthroughs in ICT are outlined along with both positive and negative effects of ICT on communication, society, and health. In conclusion, the document notes that while ICT provides benefits, some are concerned about potential risks from rapid technological changes.

1. NADYA SAFITRI
7A SMPN 73 ICT
(information communication & technology)
nadyasafitri42.tumblr.com

2. TOPIC PROBLEM
 What is ICT?
 Why we need ICT?
 Brief history about ICT
 ICT now and then (comparison)
 ICT gadget or media
 Breakthrough on ICT
 Positive and negative effect of ICT
 summary

3. WHAT IS ICT?
 According to Longman dictionary INFORMATION
is : facts or details that tell you something about a
situation, person, event etc
 COMMUNICATION is : the process by which
people exchange information or express their
thoughts and feelings
 TECHNOLOGY is : new machines, equipment, and
ways of doing things that are based on modern
knowledge about science and computers
So ICT is : machine, equipment or ways of giving or
exchange fact or detail about a situation, person,
event etc

4. WHY WE NEED ICT?
 Imagine yourself living in a jungle alone. No TV,
telephone, electricity, internet, radio, satellite,
friends to talk to just like the stone age period. How
do you feel about it? Human being is a social
creature, we must live and communicate each other.
For that reason people invent many things to ease
their social needs
 Nowadays, people hardly live without ICT. Its almost
inn every sectors of our life.
Kitchen,bedroom,office,school,mosque,church, even
open spaces like park or street have available
communication media.
 Internet,TV,Radio,Telephone,newspaper are
unavailabe source to our life.
 Bussiness and pleasure runs smoothly with ICT

5. BRIEF HISTORY ABOUT ICT
 Premechanical
The premechanical age is the earliest age of
information technology. It can be defined as the
time between 3000B. When humans first started
communicating they would try to use language or
simple picture drawings known as petrologlyths
which were usually carved in rock. Early alphabets
were developed such as the Phoenician alphabets.

6. ICT NOW AND THEN (COMPARISON)
For people without disabilities, technology makes things easier. For people with
disabilities, technology makes things possible.
Take, for example, the 1980’s precursor to the Adaptech Research Network… I and a
student with a visual impairment are working on a research paper. Our main
technology is the typewriter. But… we heard of exciting innovations! Alas, a day and
hundreds of windings and dollar signs (control characters) later we realize that word
processing software for people who are blind is not yet ready for prime time. Back to
the typewriter! But not for long.
By the 1990s, a major challenge is price. But American legislation resulted in more and
more general use ICTs incorporating access features. Primitive, yes, but definitely the
beginning of universal design in this realm as people with different disabilities used
mainstream ICTs as adaptive aids. For example, most people use spell checkers. For
people with some learning disabilities this is adaptive technology that helps
compensate for the disability. Dictation
software, developed for professionals, was now used as adaptive technology by
people with neuromuscular impairments. Screen reading and word prediction
technologies, intended for individuals with disabilities, crossed over into the
mainstream and were increasingly available on mobile devices. People with
disabilities also used ICTs in idiosyncratic, creative ways, further clouding distinctions
between general use and adaptive computer technologies.

7. ICT GADGET OR MEDIA
Computer
Cellphone

8. IPad
LCD TV

9. MECHANICAL AND ELECTROMECANICAL AGE
1450-1840
 1450 Newspapers appear in Europe
 1640 The first mechanical computing machine
 1831 Joeshehp Henry invents the firts electric telegraph
 1835 Samuel Morse ivented Morse code. Samuel morse invents the first
long distance electric telegraph line
 1856 Alexander Brain patents the firts fax machine. Analitycalengine
(the first computing device) by Charles Babbag
 1867 American, sholes the firts succesfull and modern typewiter.
 Thomas Edison patents the memeograph-an office coppying machine.
 1876
 Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell found telephone
 His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with
hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the
first US patent for the telephone in 1876

10. BREAKTHROUGH ON ICT
Advances that have transformed how the world
communicates
 Advances that transformed how the world communicates are
among the top twenty-five technological breakthroughs of the
past quarter century, according to a panel of experts
assembled by CNN, June 19, 2005.
 Advances in technology have done much to change the way
we live and communicate over the past quarter century, but no
breakthrough has revolutionized life as much as the advent of
the "wireless world," according to a panel of experts
assembled by CNN to pick the top 25.
 In 1980, many telephones were attached to walls, facts were
found in books, and people had to browse shelves in a record
store if they wanted to buy the latest music. Now, access to all
of those and more is found by just reaching into our pocket.
 In the "Information Age" having immediate access to data is
fundamental to progress. In some cases the advances are
serving to overhaul industries at a lightning-fast pace.

11. BREAKTHROUGH ON ICT
 The internet allowed tech-savvy music lovers to force changes in the way
the music industry does business. Text messaging over cell phones has
made written communication more immediate.
 Having a computer in almost every American home (No. 5) has changed
the way the world conducts business and how people communicate.
Computers have gone from whirring behemoths to devices that fit in
every room—or every pocket.
 Just as computer use is exploding worldwide, the brains behind them—
the processors—are getting smaller. Computer chips made the list at No.
9, and today a chip that you can balance on your fingertip can hold
massive amounts of data.
 This ability to store (No. 10) tons of information in cell phones or digital
cameras allows us to keep our smart technology portable.
 Even as our technology is getting faster and smarter, so is the e-
baggage (No. 20) that comes with it.
 When the internet age dawned, the World Wide Web seemed to be
harmless. Today, however, we are mired in problems caused by things
like online scams and viruses—traps aimed at taking down our
computers and sometimes even our identities.
 An entire industry meant to curb e-baggage and protect consumers has
formed in reaction to this threat.

12. BREAKTHROUGH ON ICT
Scripting our entertainment experience
 Technological advances have also transformed the
entertainment industry.
 Satellite television and radio (No. 13) give consumers more
choices. The development of the remote control (No. 21)
allows viewers to tailor their own experiences.
 Video game technology has made great strides. In the early
1980s, the first wave of video games' popularity was in full
swing with a little yellow Pac Man gobbling dots on a
computer screen.
 Today, the $10 billion a year industry produces realistic games
that invite players into fantasy worlds, sports, and even wars.
 The hunger for bigger and better screens with which to watch
the tailored programs or new video games is being met with
technological improvements. Advancements made to our
television and movie screens—such as plasma TV, HDTV and
IMAX—made the list at No. 24.

13. BREAKTHROUGH ON ICT
Leapfrogging into the future
 Many life-altering innovations in the past quarter-century were
made in scientific laboratories. Researchers decoded the
genetic makeup of many organisms (No. 7), which led to
advances in biotechnology (No. 4)—the science of
manipulating an organism's genetic material.
 DNA testing and forensic science (No. 14) made it possible to
reunite an unidentified baby with his parents after the Asian
tsunami. Law enforcement officers said it helped them crack
the 30-year-old BTK serial killer case.
 Amazing new technologies are changing the way crimes are
investigated and solved, although this science is still not as
immediate as many prime-time crime television shows make it
appear.
 Biometrics, the science of digitizing information; such as,
fingerprints or facial features for accurate identification, and
animal cloning join the ranks at Nos. 16 and 22, respectively.

14. BREAKTHROUGH ON ICT
Making advances
 Higher fuel prices sparked more interest in
alternative fuel vehicles (No. 3), and so far hybrid
vehicles curry the most favor with the growing
number of consumers willing to pay more for their
cars to save money on fuel. Hybrid vehicles are
those that use at least two power sources, typically
gasoline and electricity from batteries.
 As low-tech as it may seem, the compact
fluorescent light bulb is doing a great deal to
revolutionize quality of life. It is one of the most
successful energy and water conservation devices
developed to date; others include low-flow toilets
and showerheads. Together they rank No. 17.

15. TOP TECHNOLOGY BREAKTHROUGHS
 Wireless world o Satellite TV & radio
o DNA testing
 Defense technology
o Video games
 Alternative fuel vehicles o Biometrics
 Biotechnology o Energy and water savers
 Computers o Scanning tunneling microscopes
 Lasers o Batteries
 Genomics o E-baggage
 Global finance o Remote controls
 Processors o Animal cloning
 Digital storage o Manufacturing technology
 Space o The big picture
o Weather technology
 Fiber optics

16. POSITIVE & NEGATIVE EFFECT OF
ICT
POSITIVE
 FASTER COMMUNICATION SPEED
In the past, it took a long time for any news or messages to be
send. Now with the Internet, news or messages are sent via e-
mail to friends, business partners or to anyone efficiently. With
the capability of bandwidth, broadband and connection speed
on the Internet, any information can travel fast and at an
instant. It saves time and is inexpensive.
 LOWER COMMUNICATION COST
Using the Internet is cost-effective than the other modes of
communication such as telephone, mailing or courier service.
It allows people to have access to large amounts of data at a
very low cost. With the Internet we do not have to pay for any
basic services provided by the Internet. Furthermore, the cost
of connection to the Internet is relatively cheap.

17. NEGATIVE
SOCIAL PROBLEMS
THERE ARE SOME NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ICT. IT
HAS CREATED SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN THE SOCIETY. NOWADAYS,
PEOPLE TEND TO CHOOSE ONLINE COMMUNICATION RATHER THAN
HAVING REAL TIME CONVERSATIONS. PEOPLE TEND TO BECOME
MORE INDIVIDUALISTIC AND INTROVERT.
ANOTHER NEGATIVE EFFECT OF ICT IS :
• FRAUD
• IDENTITY THEFT
• PORNOGRAPHY
• HACKING
THIS WILL RESULT A MORAL DECEDENT AND
GENERATE THREADS TO THE SOCIETY.
HEALTY PROBLEMS
A COMPUTER MAY HARM USERS IF THEY USE IT FOR
LONG HOURS FREQUENTLY. COMPUTER USERS ARE ALSO EXPOSED
TO BAD POSTURE, EYESTRAIN, PHYSICAL AND MENTAL STRESS. IN
ORDER TO SOLVE THE HEALTH PROBLEMS, AN ERGONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT CAN BE INTRODUCED. FOR EXAMPLE, AN ERGONOMIC
CHAIR CAN REDUCES BACK STRAIN AND A SCREEN FILTER IS USED TO
MINIMIZE EYE STRAIN.

18. SUMMARY
 Information technology has entered our lives over a relatively brief period of
time with little warning and essentially no formal educational preparation for
most people.
 Many who currently use information technology have only a limited
understanding of the tools they use and a (probably correct) belief that they
are underutilizing them.
 Many citizens do not feel confident or in control when confronted by
information technology, and they would like to be more certain of themselves.
 There have been impressive claims for the potential benefits of information
technology, and many would like to realize those benefits.
 There is concern on the part of some citizens that changes implied by
information technology embody potential risks to social values, freedoms or
economic interests, etc., obligating them to become informed.
Source :
www. Nap.edu
www.wordinfo.info
www. Adaptech.org