2. Iconography: The symbolic meanings of subjects and signs used to convey ideas important to particular cultures or religions, and the conventions governing the use of such forms.
18. Symbolism in Bosch Paintings… Pigs = false priests; gluttony Fruit = carnal pleasure Rats = lies against the Church; filth; sex Fish = false prophets; lewdness Closed Books = futility of knowledge in dealing with human stupidity Keys = knowledge Lutes and Harps = instruments for praise of God and pursuit of earthly love Ears = gossip Mussel Shells = infidelity Black Birds = unbelievers Knives = punishment of evil Rabbits = multiplication of the race Eggs = sexual creation Funnels = deceit and intemperance; Strawberries = fleeting joys of life, love Owls = great learning
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23. 23 JAN VAN EYCK, Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride, 1434. Oil on wood, approx. 2’ 9" X 1’ 10 1/2". National Gallery, London.
