2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2. ویژگی انواع ترانزیستورها:
قابلیست ایسن ترانزیستورها در BJT 1) ویژگسی اصسلی ترانزیسستورهای
درایسو (راه اندازی) مدارات دیگسر اسست .این ترانزیسستور می
تواندجریان زیادی را در خروجی از خود عبور دهد.
این است که بر روی مدارات قبل از خود CMOS 2) ویژگی مدارات
اثری ندارند .( به عنوان یک بافر عمل می کنند)
مقاومت ورودی این ترانزیستورها بسیار زیاد است بنابراین در مدارات
سوئیچینگ از این ترانزیستور (تکنولوژی) استفاده می گردد.
ترکیب ویژگی های مدارات با تکنولوژی BICMOS 3) ویژگی مدارات
است . یعنی علوه بر بافر CMOS و مدارات با تکنولوژی BJT
بودن می توانند جریان زیادی از خروجی خود عبور دهند.
3. مقاومت الکتریکی سیلیکونی :
:P • ماده نوع
در این مواد حامل اکثریت حفره ها هستند.
:n • ماده نوع
در این مواد حامل اکثریت الکترونها هستند .
P A P » N
n D n » N
• اگر یک ماده در حال تعادل باشد (ولتاژ وصل نکنیم)، مقدار باز
ترکیب بین الکترون و حفره با تولید الکترون و حفره برابر است.
4. G n R p = g =
• د ر یک ماده ذاتی(ماده ای که ناخالصی به آن اضافه نشده باشد)
اندازۀ الکترون و حفره برابر است .
که در حال تعادل باشد(تحریک خارجی نداشته n • در یک ماده نوع
باشد):
n = p = n 2
i ® np = n
i =
if n N P n
i
D
n n i
n D n
N
n p n
2
2
: » ® »
5. و در حال تعادل باشد : P • اگر ماده نوع
2
A
n p n
2
=
if P N n n
i
P p i
: » ® »
P A P
N
q n q p q n q p q n
s m
2
s = m + m ® s = m + m = m +
m
=
n p p n p p p n
q N
P p A
q N
p A
A
i
N
باشد ضریب هدایت الکتریکی به صورت n • اگر ماده نوع
زیر می شود :
q n q p q n q p q n
s m
s = m + m ® s = m + m = m +
m
=
n n D
p D
i
D
n p n n n p n n
q N
q N
N
2
6. خاصیت الکتریکی لیه نفوذی :
sheet resistance • مشخصسسه مورد اسسستفاده در لیه نفوذی بنام
(مقاومت صفحه ای)معروف است.
در شکل زیر نشان داده (p یا n) • یک برش صفحه ای از نیمه هادی
شده است.
7. • اگر ناخالصی به صورت یکنواخت باشد :
باشد: n • اگر ماده نوع
باشد: P • اگر ماده نوع
R L
= r × = r
×
= 1
s
r
L
WT
A
L
WT
R L
1 1
= × =
WT q n q p
s m +
m
n n p n
×
or R R L
L
1
» × =
WT
q m
N
n D
r
1
= =
q N T T
R
R
W
m
n D
P
P
L
WT
1
= ×
q N
R
m
P A
• مقاومت صفحه ای همان مقاومت قطعه در طول و
عرض واحد است.
8. • اگر ناخالصی به صورت یکنواخت در قطعه توزیع نشده باشد:
G = T ×
W
T
dG = q N x ×
W
dx G q W
L
dx
L
j x j
R = j
m
( )
( ( ) ) 1
0
0
1 -
ò
ò
Þ =
q ×
W
j
x
x n D
n D
R q N x dx
N x dx
L
m
P
( )
= ò = ò ( ) × ® = × ò n D
( )
x
n D
n D
N x dx
L
G dG q N x W
0 m 0 m
m
s
9. معمول موبیلیته را ثابت و برابر متوسط موبیلیته کل کانال در نظر می
گیرند.بنابراین داریم:
:n • برای مادۀ نوع
:p • برای مادۀ نوع
( ( ) ) 1
= ×òx j
RP qmn 0
ND x dx
( ( ) ) 1
-
= ×òx j
RP qm p NA x dx
0
-
Xj تا ابتدای ناحیۀ تخلیه محاسبه می شود .p یا n از لبۀ مادۀ نوع
10. مراحل ساخت که شامل 5 مرحله می باشند را بصورت زیر
تقسیم بندی کرده و سپس به شرح آنها می پردازیم:
(Epitaxy) 1 روش شیمیایی .
(oxidation) 2 اکسیداسیون .
Photo-lithography 3.
(diffusion) 4 نفوذ .
Metal film deposition 5.
11. :Epitaxy(1
بیا روشهای شیمیایی substrate بیه رشید ییک لییه بیا خلوص بال در ییک
گفته می شود .لیه ای که توسط این روش به دست می آید Epitaxy
دارای خلوص بال با یکنواختی تقریبا ثابت است.
رشید داده شونید معمول دو عییب زیر را diffusion اگیر لییه هیا توسیط
خوهند داشت:
-1 بیه دلییل بال بودن ناخالصیی موجود در سیطح ولتاژ شکسیت کلکتور به
امیتر کاهش می یابد.
2– مقاومت کلکتور – بیس به دلیل کم بودن ناخالصی در عمق افزایش می
یابد.
Epitaxy ما از روش diffusion بیه دلییل ایین عیوب موجود در روش
استفاده می کنیم.
12. : Oxidation(2
در این روش از دو لیه ضخیم یا نازک در روی قطعه استفاده می
شود. لیه نازک اکسید برای جاهایی استفاده می شود که قسمت
فعال بايد المان مورد نظر روی آن قرار بگیرد.
لیه ضخیم اکسید برای ایزوله کردن المان مورد نظر (مدار مورد نظر)
نسیبت بیه بقییه المانهیا و ییا برای سیاخت خازن و کم کردن خازن
طفیلی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد.
در زمان رشد اکسید جاهایی که قسمت فعال قطعه قرار است رشد
استفاده می کنند. وجود (SiN) کند از یک لیه به نام نیترید سیلیکون
این لیه باعث می شود که از پیوند اکسیژن با سیلیکون و تشکیل
Sio2 جلوگیری شود.
13. :Metal film deposition)3
• ایین روش لییه نشانیی بیا اسیتفاده از لییه نازکیی از فلز انجام
مي شود. با قرار دادن قطعه آلومینیومی در یک میدان الکتریکی
قوی و بخار شدن آن عمل لیه نشانی نازک فلز انجام می شود.
• ساخت مقاومت:
انواع مقاومتها به صورت زیر نامگذاری می شوند:
1 مقاومت نفوذی .
2 مقاومت پلی سیلیسیم .
3 مقاومت کاشت یونی .
)p( چاهاه P-well 4.
(pinched resistors) 5 تنگیده .
14. 1)مقاومت نفوذی:
و با نشاندن سورس – درین diffusion • مقاومت نفوذی با استفاده از
بوجود میی آید. مقدار مقاومیت صیفحه ای بوجود آمده دراین روش
10 اهم بر مربع می باشد. - بسیار کم و در حد ود 100
می باشد. ppm/v 500- • مقدار ضریب ولتاژ در این قطعه برابر 100
15. برای این است که اول“ با اتصال فلز به نیمه هادی دیود +n وجود لیه
شاتکی بوجود نیاید و همچنین تغییر مقاومت با تغییر ولتاژ (ضریب
ولتاژ) به حداقل خود برسد.
با وجودیکه اکسید ضخیم fox اینست که fox • تفاوت اکسید ضخیم و
اسیت بیا دقیت کمتری سیاخته میی شود ولیی اکسیید ضخییم بیا دقت
بیشتری ساخته می شود.
در مقاومتها دو ضریب مهم و مورد توجه است:
1)ضریب ولتاژ : مقدار ضریب ولتاژ مشخص می کند که به ازای تغییر
ولتاژ دو سر مقاومت به اندازۀ 1 ولت چاهقدر مقدار مقاومت تغییر می
کند. هر چاهه مقدار این پارامتر کمتر باشد قطعه مورد نظر حساسیت
کمتری نسبت به تغییر ولتاژ خواهد داشت. این روش برای ساخت
مقاومت های بزرگ مناسب نیست.
2) ضریب حرارتی
16. (p چاهاه (p-well 2) مقاومت
• از اکسید ضخیم در ساخت المانهایی که می خواهند از حساسیت و
دقیت بالییی برخوردار باشنید اسیتفاده میی شود و همچنین برای
ایزوله کردن قطعه از محیط داخل و هم از محیط خارج.
17. • وجود لیه های مختلف با ناخالصی متفاوت برای این است
که دست سازنده برای ساخت مقاومت های با رنج متفاوت
باز باشد.
+p که اتصال اهمی آن با ناخالصی نوع -p • از یا نوار چاهاه
ایجاد شده بوجود می آید .مقدار مقاومت صفحه ای که از
1 کیلو اهم به صفحه می - این طریق بوجود می آید 10
باشد .
متصیل شده بیه فلز برای جلوگیری از بوجود آمدن دیود +P •
. شاتکی است
بسییار کیم اسیت بنابرایین مقاومت p • چاهون ناخالصیی چاهاه
بوجود آمده از ایین طرییق نسیبت بیه حالیت نفوذی بیشتر
خواهد بود.
• ضریب ولتاژ در این مقاومت بسیار بالست.
18. 3) مقاومت تنگیده:
بین +n است. یک لیه p-well • این مقاومت حالت خاصی از مقاومت
دو پایه مقاومت کاشته شده است و این لیه باعث به دام افتادن
حامل های اکثریت که بین سورس و درین در حال حرکت هستند
می شود و بنابراین مقدار مقاومت قطعه افزایش می یابد . از این
روش برای سیاخت مقاومتهای بزرگ (در حید مگیا اهیم) استفاده
می شود.
19. ساخت خازن:
• دو نوع خازن استفاده می شود:
1)خازن پلی سیلیسیم -اکسید - سیلیسیم
2)خازن پلی سیلیسیم -اکسید -پلی سیلیسیم
خازن پلی سیلیسیم -اکسید – سیلیسیم
با قرار دادن یک لیه اکسید بین پلی سیلیسیم و بلور سیلیسیم این
خازن بوجود می آید .برای کم کردن ضریب ولتاژ در این نوع خازن از
0.35 یک منطقه با ناخالصی خیلی زیاد زیر پایه های -
0.5
f F
خازن استفاده می
m
m
2 کنند.مقدار این خازن می باشد.
20. • خازن پلی سیلیسیم – اکسید – پلی سیلیسیم
• از قرار گرفتن لیه اکسید ما بین دو فلز و یا دو پلی سیلیسیم بوجود
f F
m
می آید .مقدار این خازن می باشد . از مزایای 0.3 -
0.4
این خازن
عدم m
2 وابستگی به ولتاژ (ضریب ولتاژ کم) می باشد.
• مقدار خازن طفیلی که از این طریق بوجود می آید نسبت به خازن
قبلی کمتر است.
21. توذکر مهم :
السف ) بسه علست چسسبندگی بهتسر پلسی سسیلیسیوم بسه سیلیسیوم
نسبت به فلز بیشتر از پلی سیلیسیوم استفاده می شود که
تووسط ایهن خاصیت م یتووان لیهه پلی سیلیسیوم نازکتری را
نسبت به فلز به نیمه هاادی هاا چسباند .
ب ) برای ایهجاد یهک خازن با ضریهب ولتاژ پایهین لزم است که
. زیهر اکسید از یهک لیهه با ناخالصی خیلی زیهاد استفاده کرد
22. مشخصات خازنها
1 دقت در نسبت .
2 ضرائب ولتاژ و حرارت .
3 ظرفیت هاای طفیلی .
• دقت در نسبت خازنها:
C A
ox
PF
m
t
= e
×
3.45 10 5
= ´
-
m
C C AC
= ® =
ox ox
e
ox
e
ox
ox
ox
t
• خطای مربوط به مقدار خازن بیشتر مربوط به سطح
است که ناشی از ماسک گذاری است.
تو أثیر چندانی ندارد و خیلی مهم نیست.در بیشتر مدارات نسبت ΔC •
هاا برای توقویهت OP-amp خازنها مهم است.جائیکه از خازنها و
.استفاده می شود
23. • فرض می کنیم:
ù
ú úû
é
æ D = ± D ± -
1
ê êë
ö
÷ ÷ø
æ D D ± ÷ ÷ø
ç çè
ö
ç çè
ù
ú ú ú ú
û
é
1
ê ê ê ê
ë
C
± D
C
C
± D
=
¢ = ± D
C C C
2 2 2
¢ = ± D
C C C
1 1 1
¢
C C
= ± D
¢
2 2
C ± D
C
C C
1 2
C C
1 2
C
C
1
1
C
2
2
2
C
C
1
2
C
1
2
1
2
C
C
1
1 1
1
C
• اگر خطای خازنها نسبت به مقدارخازن خیلی کوچک باشد(خطای
نسبی کم باشد )بنابرایهن می تووان نوشت:
Þ
2
C
C
1
C
D áá 1
C
ù
ú úû
é
¢
» C
± D æ ± -
D ¢
2 1
ê êë
ö
÷ ÷ø
ç çè
C
C
1
1
C
2
2
2
C
1
C
C
1
C
نکته مهم : برای یهکسان شدن نسبت دو خازن بایهستی خطای نسبی آن
برابر باشد.
2
C
1
¢
if C C
2
»
1
C
1
1
: 2
2
C
C
C
C
¢
D » D Þ
24. • ضرائب ولتاژ و حرارت
• ضریهب توغییر یهک خازن با ولتاژ در مدار مجتمع منفی است
توا 10 - ( است. -ppm/v و برابر( 200
• با افزایهش ولتاژ ، ناحیه توخلیه زیهاد شده و بنابرایهن مقدار
کاهاش می یهابد. (Aeff) مؤثر سطح خازن
• مقدار ضریهسب حرارتوسي یهسک خازن در مدار مجتمسع مثبت
(ppm/°c50- است. ( 20
• با افزایهش حرارت حامل هاای مثبت و منفی بیشتری توولید
می شود.
25. • خازن طفیلی
• بیشتریهن مقدار یهک خازن طفیلی مربوط به خازنی است که بین
پایهه) ایهجاد می شود. ) substrate صفحۀ پایهین خازن یها
• ایهن خازن در نوع پلی سیلیسیم – اکسید – سیلیسیم ناشی از
ناحیۀ توخلیه ایهجاد شده در سیلیسیم است .(مقدار ایهن خازن خیلی
زیهاد است.)
• ایهسن خازن در خازن نوع پلسی سسیلیسیم – اکسسید – پلسی سیلیسیم
می باشد. ایهن خازن از پلی سیلیسیم – fox ناشی از لیهه اکسید
پلی سیلیسیم بوجود می آیهد. – fox
26. CMOS مدلسازی
بوجود می آیهد .p و n نوع MOS از تورکیب CMOS •
به سورس وصل شده باشد می تووان بصورت substrate • در صورتویکه
زیهر نمایهش داد.
= 0 SB V
27. • بر حسب ایهنکه کدام پایهه به ولتاژ بیشتر متصل می شود پایهه دریهن و
پایهه n نوع MOSFET سورس مشخص می گردد. به طور مثال در
p ای که به ولتاژ مثبت تور وصل می شود دریهن می باشد و در نوع
بر عکس.
28. • شرط ناحیه اهامی:
• شرط ناحیه اشباع :
• فرمول دقیق ناحیه اهامی بصورت زیهر
است:
DS GS T p و n برای نوع : V £ V -V
n برای نوع : VDS £ VGS -VT
DS GS T V ³ V -V
p و n : برای نوع
DS GS T V ³ V -V
n :برای نوع
[ ( ) ][ ]
I C W
1 2
= - - +
D ox GS T DS DS DS
A
V
V V V V V
L
1
2 1
2
=
l
m l
29. : ولتاژ الكتروستاتويك درون نيمه هاادي در
حالت توعادل
VSB : ولتاژ سورس - بدنه
4/ 3 توا 0 / ضریهب آستانه بدنه (معمول بين : 0 ɣ
(است
V T0 VSB= مقدار ولتاژ آستانه در هانگام یکه : 0
NSUB توعداد حامل هاای ناخالصی درون :
SUBSTRATE
Cox ظرفيت واحد سطح :
[ ] T T F SB F V = V + 2 F +V - 2 F 0 g
SUB
F t n
i
F = V ln N
qe N
si SUB
C
ox
g
2
=
cm
F
e = 1.036´10-12
si
FF
30. q N
si F SUB
VT0 VSB= : مقدار ولتاژ آستانه در هانگام یکه 0
مقدار انرژی که بایهد داده شود که یهک الکترون از باند : ɸF توابع کار
فرمی به بی نهایهت منتقل شود(آزاد شود).
ɸFB ولتاژ باند توخت :
ɸGB با گيت substrate : اختلف توابع کار ناحیه
Qss بار ناحيه اكسيد :
ox
V
T FB F C
F
= F + F +
2 2
2 0
e
F = V = F - Q
SS
ox
FB FB GB C
( SUB ) ( Gate
)
F = F -F
GB F F
SUB V n
( )
( )
i
Gate
i
N
ln
F =
Gate V N
F t
SUB
F t
n
ln
F =
Q N q SS SS = ×
31. به پارامترهای ساخت بستگی دارد. فقط مقدار VT • مقدار
است که طراح می تواند با تغییر این ولتاژ مقدار ولتاژ VSB
آستانه را تغییر دهد.
فرمول دقیق:
[ ( ) ][ ]
1 2
@
V V V V V
I C W
m m
= - - +
m 2 1
l
0.25
D 2
ox L
GS T DS DS DS
C C
p oxp n oxn
• اگر فرض کنیم جریان در نقطه تقاطع ناحیه اشباع و اهمی
با نقاط دیگر موجود در ناحیه اشباع برابر باشد (شیب خط
ناحیه اشباع بسیار کم است.)
32. • مرز ناحیه اشباع و اهمی:
V V V I C W
1 2
= - Þ = - +
m l
DS GD T D OX GS T DS
k = 1
C or k ¢ =
C
را افزایش VT می توان مقدار n نوع MOSFET در یک VSB با افزایش
های تخلیه ای نیز صادق است. در این MOSFET داد. این مسئله برای
تخلیه ای را به MOSFET یک VSB می توان با افزایش MOSFET نوع از
افزایشی تبدیل کرد.
: μm برای تکنولوژی 5 NMOS • مشخصات
V T0و ɣ ، =0.01(L=10μm) λ = غيراشباع)،) 1.3 K´= 1= (اشباع) ، 25 V ، K´=17
ɸ ┃2 f┃=0.7
( ) ( )
ox ox
V V V
L
m m
2
1
2
33. مدل سیگنال بزرگ:
• در صصورتیکه ولتاژ یا جریان عبوری از
ترانزیسصتور زیاد باشصد یصا طول کانال کم
باشد از این مدل استفاده می شود.
• ایصن مدل نسصبت بصه مدل سصیگنال کوچک
دقیق تر است.
مربوط بصه اتصالت rS و rD • مقاومت های
اهمی است و مقدار آنها بسیار کم است.
• ديودهاي سورس تا بدنه و همچنین درین
تصا بدنصه در حالصت بایاس معکوس است.
اين ديودها برای مدل کردن جریان نشتی
استفاده می شوند.
34. به خاطر ایجاد ناحیه تخلیه بین بدنه و درین و همچنین CBS وCBD • خازنهای
بدنه و سورس به وجود می آیند.
تابع ولتاژ هستند. CGB و CGD ، CGS • خازنهای
C1≈CGS
C3=CGD
ناشصي از هم پوشانصي گيصت بصا سصورس يا
درين
C4 : ناشی از ناحیه تخلیه در سیلیسیم
Cن اشی از ناحیه تخلیه ایجاد شده : CBD و BS
بین درین سورس با بدنه
c2 خازن اصلی که ناشصی از لیه اکسید :
است
C1 ≈C3=LDWeff COX
C2 ≈LeffWeff COX
C5 مربوط : از روي هم افتادگي گيت و
35. مدار معادل خازنهای بوجود آمده بین گیت و سیلیسیم:
1 1 -
1
1
æ
1 1
2
2
2 5 4 2 5 4
ö
÷ ÷ø
ç çè
+
+
+ Þ =
+
=
C C C
C
C C C C GB
GB
36. مدل سیگنال
کوچک:
D
D
g = ¶
i
V
¶
g = ¶
i
V
D
¶
g = ¶
i
V
BD
¶
g = ¶
i
V
BS
BS
¶
g i
bs
BD
bd
DS
ds
SB
mbs
GS
m
= ¶
V
¶
بدلیل اینکه دیودهای بدنه به سورس و بدنه به درین در بایاس معکوس قرار
که ناشی از جریان نشتی است بسیار کوچک gbs و gbd می گیرند بنابراین مقدار
بصه دلیل low voltage بوده و از آنهصا صصرفنظر مصی شود . البتصه در تکنولوژصی
کوچصک بودن کانال و افزایصش جریان نشتصی از ایصن دو پارامتصر نمی توان
صرفنظر کرد.
37. • فرمول تقریبی در ناحیه اشباع:
در ناحیه اشباع: gmbs و gm • مقادیر
داشتیم:
بنابراين:
i = K W -
( )2
D GS T V V
L
i K W
L
V V KW
= ¶ 2 2 2 2
( ) m D D
KW
g i
D
D
i
m GS T
GS
L
g KW
L
KW i
L
L
V
¢
= - = ® = =
¶
[ ] T T F SB F V = V + 2 F +V - 2 F 0 g
æ
¶
V V V
= - - × ¶
( )
g i
V
T
T
D
KW
= - ¶ ÷ ÷ø
= ¶
g
1
1
SB F SB F SB
æ
¶
g V
T
SB
m
SB
GS T
SB
mbs
¶
V V V
V
V
L
V
+
=
+
= × ×
¶
ö
÷ ÷ø
ç çè
ö
ç çè
¶
F
F
g
2 2 2
2
2
38. کمتر از یک است. ɳ • مقدار
: gds • محاسبه
g = ¶ i = KW
- 2
l »l
ds V V i
• فرمول تقریبی در ناحیه اهمی:
= m
- -
b m b
i V V V V
در ناحیه اهمی: gmbs و gm • مقادیر
m
g g g m
=
h
mbs g
V
F
+
F SB
=
2 2
( GS T ) D
D
DS
L
V
¶
[ ( ) 2
]
i C W
D OX GS T DS DS
[ ( ) 2 ]
2
2
2
1
2
C W
OX D GS T DS DS
L
V V V V
L
= ® = - -
g = ¶ i = b ´ 2
= b
m V V
DS DS
D
V
GS
¶
2
39. g = ¶ i = ´ - 2
´ Þ =
b ( ) h b h
V
× ¶
mbs V g V
DS mbs DS
T
V
SB
D
V
T
¶
¶
2
g = ¶ i = b 2 - - 2 = b
- -
[ ( ) ] [ ] GS T DS GS T DS
D
V V V V V V
ds V
DS
¶
2
در صورتیکه از ترانزیستور در فرکانس میانی استفاده شود
می توان مدل سیگنال کوچک را بصورت زیر ساده کرد :