Ib Johansen er lektor på Aarhus Universitet med speciale i bioraffinering og en stærk baggrund i plast materialer. Han giver i sit indlæg en status på nogle udviklingstendenser inden for biobaserede plast og hvordan moderne bioraffinerings-teknologier kan støtte den udvikling. Han vil her også komme ind på den udvikling, der lige nu foregår i Danmark i innovationsplatformen Bio-Value, hvor store virksomheder som Novozymes, Rockwool og Haldor Topsøe er med til at udvikle nye biobaserede råvarer til bindere og plast.

1. DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AUGUST 31ST,
2017
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
IB JOHANNSENAARHUS
UNIVERSITY
PLAST INDUSTRIEN I DANMARK
BIOBASERET PLAST
OG BIORAFFINERING
IB JOHANNSEN
(IBJ@ENG.AU.DK, TLF +4521356050)
CENTER FOR
BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGIES
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING, AARHUS UNIVERSITY

2. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
3
1. Bioraffinering – hvorfor og hvorhen (Biovalue)
2. Bioplast
1. Nogle overordnede trends
2. Nogle eksempler
1. Lactat monomerer - PLA
2. Lignin bindere
3. Andre eksempler

3. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
TOWARDS A CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Energy challenges are beeing solved:
- Conversion: Wind, water, solar, …. (we get plenty every day)
Still: Storage, biogas conversion, batteries…., distribution
Carbon challenge?
- Chemicals and materials (5-15% of fossil fuel consumption)
- Transportation fuel
Direct thermal conversion - combustion - of biomass is hardly sustainable looking ahead:
Plants are lousy energy collectors and a valuable resource.
We should use biomass for value added products

4. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
Bio based economy

5. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY

6. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
Classical
refinery

7. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
Bio-refinery

8. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY

9. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
NEED FOR
INNOVATION
Biomass do not fit into
existing technology platforms:
Present chemical and refinery
Industry is based of fossil fuels

10. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
NEED FOR
INNOVATION
Biomass do not fit into
existing technology platforms:
Present chemical and refinery
Industry is based of fossil fuels
And are large and centralized –
Biomass is not
?

11. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
BIOMASS VALUE CHAIN
Pharmaceuticals,
additives
Food
Materials
Feed
Fuel
Volume
Value

12. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
VOLUME AND VALUE
 Volume x Value = Market/turnover
• High value products are less sensitive to raw material costs
• Low value products require huge volumes, and huge
investments
• The ‘sweet spot’ is in between - product values 1-5 €/kg
• But co-production of low value products – fuels/biogas will still
be needed in order to create volume and utilise side streams

13. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
BIOREFINING VALUE VERSUS VOLUME
Pharmac., additives
Food
Materials
Feed
Fuel
Volume
Value

14. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
BIOMASS VALORIZATION
Two routes:
- convert biomass into intermediates similar to crude oil
and natural gas and use existing upgrading technology
- exploit the complex structure of biomass to make
functional molecules and materials (requires new
technology)
?

15. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
EXPLOIT BIOMASS COMPLEXITY
(AND OXYGEN CONTENT)
Source: Esben Taarning

16. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
EXAMPLE: BIOVALUE
Knowledge- and innovation base for substitution of products and processes based on
fossil raw materials with sustainable value chains based on refining of biomass
July 2013 - July 2018
Budget: €21 million (€ 1,5 million dedicated to SME-projects)
Funded by InnovationFonden (50%) and the Partners (50%)
Currently 18 PhD students and 7 Postdocs, total approx. 90 people
www.biovalue.dk
Partners
4 Universities
9 Companies
1 GTS
INBIOM
1 9

17. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
BIOVALUE OBJECTIVES
2 0
Target the entire value chain from sustainable biomass
production to separation and conversion of all components
of biomass into value-added products:

18. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
CENTER FOR BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGIES
Strategic focus:
1. Biorefining for Value added products: Feed, chemicals and fuels
2. Engineering science in biorefining processes – Efficincy
3. Develop processes in pilot/demo scale - Scalability
4. Synergy in combined biorefining processes – Process integration
CBT

19. Straw/
feed
crops
Waste
biomass
AU-CBT
Biorefining
SNG
Chemicals
fuel
Feed,
fodder
Fertilizer
Electricity Heat
Energy
crops
Manure
/sludge

20. Center for Biorefinery technologies:
(kg to ton/hour)
Feed,
fodder
Bio-
mass
Bio
Crude
BiogasSludge
Bio
Waste
Separation
Anaerob
ferment.
HTL
Catalytic CO2
reduction
Bio
SNG
Destillation/u
pgrading
Chemicals,
Fuel
Fertilizer
Manure
SOEC
Straw/
feed
crops
Waste
biomass
Energy
crops
Manure
/sludge
Pretreat-
ment
Enzyme +
Fermentation
Separation
CBT

21. Center for Biorefinery technologies:
(kg to ton/hour)
Feed,
fodder
Bio-
mass
Bio
Crude
BiogasSludge
Bio
Waste
Separation
Anaerob
ferment.
HTL
Catalytic CO2
reduction
Bio
SNG
Upgrading
(2017)
Chemicals,
Fuel
Fertilizer
Manure
SOEC
Straw/
feed
crops
Waste
biomass
Energy
crops
Manure
/sludge
Pretreat-
ment
Enzyme +
Fermentation
Separation

22. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
BIOPLAST - BIOPLASTICS
Definitioner:
•Biobaseret plast
•Bionedbrydelig plast
•Kompositter med biofibre

23. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
1% !

24. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
FORVENTET I 2015 (FORUDSAGT I 2010)
1,7 mill ton

25. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY

26. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
2016:

27. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
2016:

28. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY

29. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY

30. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
TWO EXAMPLES - FROM BIOVALUE
3 3
Target the entire value chain from sustainable
biomass production to separation and conversion of
all components of biomass into value-added
products:

31. 34
Topsoe Catalytic Lactate/MVG Process
Sugar syrup
Methanol Catalyst
O
O
OHO
O
OH
MeOH
H2O
other

32. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
LIGNIN DERIVED PRODUCTS
Lignin is the key to obtain economy in lignocellulosic biorefining
For every ton of 2G-bioethanol produced 1 ton of lignin sidestream is
produced (50 million ton expected in -22) on top of the 70 million
ton produced by the paper industry
Presently mainly used as solid fuel after drying - better alternatives
are needed – but it is not easy:

33. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
BIOFUELS DIGEST
(AUGUST 2017)

34. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
LIGNIN
“For all of your questions about the advanced bioeconomy there’s just the one answer and
that is “lignin”.
Why don’t we see more biobased chemical plants built these days? Lignin.
Why do people shy away from hardwoods as a raw material even though it’s sustainable,
available, reliable and affordable? Lignin.
What raw material have more people tried to make money out of and failed than anything
else? Lignin.
If the bioeconomy really catches fire, it’ll be because of a breakthrough in what? Lignin.”

35. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
LIGNIN
The Yosemite Sam of materials
It’s the meanest, toughest hombre of a material
that ever came out of the ground, it’s the
Yosemite Sam of the advanced bioeconomy —
unreliable, inconsistent, grumpy, fiery, strident,
incapable of improvement, impossible to do
anything with, and impossible to ignore. So
people just burn it. It smells faintly like vanilla
and almonds, but it ought to smell like $20 bills
going up in smoke

36. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY

37. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
BIOVALUE’S LIGNIN ROUTES
In Project 6 two routes have been pursued:
- develop catalytic routes to cut lignin into its momomers using
ethanol as the solvent – DTU, Borregard, Haldor Topsøe: Good
results obtained with respect to catalyst stability – but still a long
way to go for commercialisation
EtOH+ Cat.
Phenolic monomers

38. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
BIOVALUE’S LIGNIN ROUTES
- modify and exploit the existing lignin structure to
form binders - AU, ROCKWOOL: New methods
developed to modify, analyse and test a large
number of versions.
Recent developed binders based on lignin solutions
have shown promising results in the laboratory that
could prove relevant for commercialization

39. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
ANDRE EKSEMPLER
- Drop in acrylonitrile – fra methyl lactat (sukker)
- Ligninbaserede binder til træ og metal
- Nye bindere til fiber kompositter
- Aromatiske byggeblokke til polyester fra lignin

40. IB JOHANNSEN
20 MAY 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY
SUMMARY
• It makes sense to go for value added products
• One technology will not solve it all – a systems approach is
needed
• The steps from Lab to Pilot and from Pilot to production are
large and costly – in competition with present technology
• Several candidates for new biobased products in the pipeline

41. DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
AARHUS
UNIVERSITY AUGUST 2017 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
IB JOHANNSEN
THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND
ATTENTION
Ib Johannsen, IBJ@eng.au.dk
Esben Taarning, Bjørn S. Kilsgaard, Miroslav
Nikolic, Claus Felby, Patrick Biller, Marianne
Glasius, Mads Jensen
HALDOR TOPSØE A/S
ROCKWOOL Int. A/S
Novozymes A/S DTU, KU,
AU
………….
BioValue- SPIR