The summer of 1993 brought catastrophic flooding to the Mississippi River in the United States. Heavy rainfall combined with saturated ground from cooler temperatures the previous year to cause widespread flooding. Over 150 levees collapsed under the pressure of the floodwaters, displacing 70,000 people from their homes and causing an estimated $10 billion in damages. Modifications to the river like draining wetlands and constructing levees in the previous century exacerbated the flooding.