The Bobath concept is a problem-solving approach used in the evaluation and treatment of individuals with movement and postural control disturbances due to a lesion of the central nervous system.
It is named after Berta Bobath, a physiotherapist, and her husband Karel Bobath, a psychiatrist/neuropsychiatrist, who proposed the approach for treating patients affected with Central Nervous System anomalies.
Procedure: in a “trial & error” fashion in 1948.
Concept of compensatory training.
Neglects the potential of hemiplegic side.
It is an interactive problem-solving approach that focuses on continuing reassessment with attention to individual goals, developing working hypotheses, treatment plans, and relevant objective measures to evaluate interventions.
Therapist should have:
Good posture & movement analysis skills.
PRINCIPLES
NDT THERAPY WORKS
ALWAYS TREAT THE PATIENT AS A WHOLE
WORK SIMULTANEOUSLY ON PATIENTS STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES
INDIVIDUALIZED FOR EVERY PATIENT BASED ON ICF MODEL
GAIN THE INFORMATION FROM PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE
TEAMWORK IS CRITICAL FOR REHAB PURPOSES
UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT (MOTOR CONTROL)
TRANSFERENCE OF TRAINING IN DAILY LIFE
HANDS ON INTERVENTION TO ENHANCE MOTOR LEARNING & FUNCTIONS
this power point presentation provides main emphasis on the phases of the rehabilitation post op. it will enhance the knowledge about do's and dont's during the rehabilitation phases in brief. U may ask the questions if you have in your mind in the comment section. this ppt includes upper extremity as well as lower extremity exercises and also provides easy understanding with the help of suitable and intresting diagrams
Spina Bifida: Physiotherapy in the management of meningomyeloceleAyobami Ayodele
Spina bifida is a treatable spinal cord malformation that occurs in varying degrees of severity. Meningomyelocele is associated with abnormal development of the cranial neural tube, which results in several characteristic CNS anomalies. About 90% of babies born with Spina Bifida now live to be adults, about 80% have normal intelligence and about 75% play sports and do other fun activities. Most do well in school, and many play in sports.
Brunnstrom Approach
Brunnstrom's Approach (SIGNE BRUNNSTROM)
Objectives: ➢ Discuss the concepts and principles underlying Brunnstrom’s approach ➢ Brunnstrom recovery stages ➢ Treatment principles & techniques
★ Brunnstrom’s approach was developed by the physical therapist from Sweden in the early 1950’s
★ Brunnstrom used motor control theory and observations of the patients'
★ Procedure: In a “trial & error” fashion ★ Later modified: in light of neurophysiological knowledge
Introduction: Reflex Theory Movement is controlled by stimulus-response. Reflexes are the basis for movement: reflexes are combined into actions that create behavior. Hierarchical Theory Characterized by a top-down structure, in which higher centers are always in charge of lower centers.
● When the CNS is injured, as, in a cerebrovascular accident, an individual goes through an “evolution in reverse”. Movement becomes primitive, reflexive, and automatic.
● Changes in tone and the presence of reflexes are considered a normal process of recovery.
● Movement recovery tends to be stereotypic.
● Patients exhibit only a few stereotypic movement patterns: Basic Limb Synergies.
● Based on observations of recovery following a stroke, this approach makes use of associated reactions, tonic reflexes, and the development of basic limb synergies to facilitate movements.
● The use of such a procedure is temporary.
Basic Limb Synergies:
● Normal synergistic movements are purposeful movements with maximum precision and minimum waste of energy.
● Basic limb synergy (BLS) does not permit the different combinations of muscles.
● BLS is considered primitive, automatic, and reflexive due to loss of inhibitory control from higher centers.
● Mass movement patterns in response to a stimulus or voluntary effort both Gross flexor movement (Flexor Synergy) Gross extensor movement (Extensor Synergy) Combination of the strongest component of the synergies (Mixed Synergy)
● Appear during the early spastic period of recovery
Upper Limb Flexor Synergy: Scapula: Retraction / Elevation Shoulder: Abduction and External rotation Elbow: Flexion Forearm: Supination Wrist and Finger: Flexion Lower Limb Extensor Synergy: Pelvis: posterior tilt Hip: Extension, Adduction & Internal rotation Knee: Extension Ankle: Plantarflexion Toes: Flexion Upper Limb Extensor Synergy: Scapula: Protraction / Depression Shoulder: Adduction and Internal rotation Elbow: Extension Forearm: Pronation Wrist: Extension Finger: Flexion Lower Limb Flexor Synergy: Pelvis: anterior tilt Hip: Flexion, Abduction & External rotation Knee: Flexion Ankle: Dorsiflexion Toes: Extension
Upper Limb Mixed Synergy: Scapula retraction Shoulder add.+IR Elbow flexion Forearm pronation Wrist & fingers flexion Lower Limb Mixed Synergy: Pelvis post tilt hip add.+IR Knee extension Ankle & toes plantarflexion
Rubrospinal tract Vestibulospinal tract
Associated Reactions
Primitive Reflexes
Walking is a phenomenon that is taken for granted by healthy individuals, but requires a complex control of the neuromusculoskeletal system. Walking is mainly a result of an automatic process, involving the spinal cord and brainstem mechanisms. Hemiplegic type of gait of a person who has had a brain insult and depends on which area of the brain is affected. Hemiplegic gait usually has:
Decreased stance phase and prolonged swing phase of the paretic side.
Decreased walking speed and shorter stride length.
The Bobath concept is a problem-solving approach used in the evaluation and treatment of individuals with movement and postural control disturbances due to a lesion of the central nervous system.
It is named after Berta Bobath, a physiotherapist, and her husband Karel Bobath, a psychiatrist/neuropsychiatrist, who proposed the approach for treating patients affected with Central Nervous System anomalies.
Procedure: in a “trial & error” fashion in 1948.
Concept of compensatory training.
Neglects the potential of hemiplegic side.
It is an interactive problem-solving approach that focuses on continuing reassessment with attention to individual goals, developing working hypotheses, treatment plans, and relevant objective measures to evaluate interventions.
Therapist should have:
Good posture & movement analysis skills.
PRINCIPLES
NDT THERAPY WORKS
ALWAYS TREAT THE PATIENT AS A WHOLE
WORK SIMULTANEOUSLY ON PATIENTS STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES
INDIVIDUALIZED FOR EVERY PATIENT BASED ON ICF MODEL
GAIN THE INFORMATION FROM PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE
TEAMWORK IS CRITICAL FOR REHAB PURPOSES
UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT (MOTOR CONTROL)
TRANSFERENCE OF TRAINING IN DAILY LIFE
HANDS ON INTERVENTION TO ENHANCE MOTOR LEARNING & FUNCTIONS
this power point presentation provides main emphasis on the phases of the rehabilitation post op. it will enhance the knowledge about do's and dont's during the rehabilitation phases in brief. U may ask the questions if you have in your mind in the comment section. this ppt includes upper extremity as well as lower extremity exercises and also provides easy understanding with the help of suitable and intresting diagrams
Spina Bifida: Physiotherapy in the management of meningomyeloceleAyobami Ayodele
Spina bifida is a treatable spinal cord malformation that occurs in varying degrees of severity. Meningomyelocele is associated with abnormal development of the cranial neural tube, which results in several characteristic CNS anomalies. About 90% of babies born with Spina Bifida now live to be adults, about 80% have normal intelligence and about 75% play sports and do other fun activities. Most do well in school, and many play in sports.
Brunnstrom Approach
Brunnstrom's Approach (SIGNE BRUNNSTROM)
Objectives: ➢ Discuss the concepts and principles underlying Brunnstrom’s approach ➢ Brunnstrom recovery stages ➢ Treatment principles & techniques
★ Brunnstrom’s approach was developed by the physical therapist from Sweden in the early 1950’s
★ Brunnstrom used motor control theory and observations of the patients'
★ Procedure: In a “trial & error” fashion ★ Later modified: in light of neurophysiological knowledge
Introduction: Reflex Theory Movement is controlled by stimulus-response. Reflexes are the basis for movement: reflexes are combined into actions that create behavior. Hierarchical Theory Characterized by a top-down structure, in which higher centers are always in charge of lower centers.
● When the CNS is injured, as, in a cerebrovascular accident, an individual goes through an “evolution in reverse”. Movement becomes primitive, reflexive, and automatic.
● Changes in tone and the presence of reflexes are considered a normal process of recovery.
● Movement recovery tends to be stereotypic.
● Patients exhibit only a few stereotypic movement patterns: Basic Limb Synergies.
● Based on observations of recovery following a stroke, this approach makes use of associated reactions, tonic reflexes, and the development of basic limb synergies to facilitate movements.
● The use of such a procedure is temporary.
Basic Limb Synergies:
● Normal synergistic movements are purposeful movements with maximum precision and minimum waste of energy.
● Basic limb synergy (BLS) does not permit the different combinations of muscles.
● BLS is considered primitive, automatic, and reflexive due to loss of inhibitory control from higher centers.
● Mass movement patterns in response to a stimulus or voluntary effort both Gross flexor movement (Flexor Synergy) Gross extensor movement (Extensor Synergy) Combination of the strongest component of the synergies (Mixed Synergy)
● Appear during the early spastic period of recovery
Upper Limb Flexor Synergy: Scapula: Retraction / Elevation Shoulder: Abduction and External rotation Elbow: Flexion Forearm: Supination Wrist and Finger: Flexion Lower Limb Extensor Synergy: Pelvis: posterior tilt Hip: Extension, Adduction & Internal rotation Knee: Extension Ankle: Plantarflexion Toes: Flexion Upper Limb Extensor Synergy: Scapula: Protraction / Depression Shoulder: Adduction and Internal rotation Elbow: Extension Forearm: Pronation Wrist: Extension Finger: Flexion Lower Limb Flexor Synergy: Pelvis: anterior tilt Hip: Flexion, Abduction & External rotation Knee: Flexion Ankle: Dorsiflexion Toes: Extension
Upper Limb Mixed Synergy: Scapula retraction Shoulder add.+IR Elbow flexion Forearm pronation Wrist & fingers flexion Lower Limb Mixed Synergy: Pelvis post tilt hip add.+IR Knee extension Ankle & toes plantarflexion
Rubrospinal tract Vestibulospinal tract
Associated Reactions
Primitive Reflexes
Walking is a phenomenon that is taken for granted by healthy individuals, but requires a complex control of the neuromusculoskeletal system. Walking is mainly a result of an automatic process, involving the spinal cord and brainstem mechanisms. Hemiplegic type of gait of a person who has had a brain insult and depends on which area of the brain is affected. Hemiplegic gait usually has:
Decreased stance phase and prolonged swing phase of the paretic side.
Decreased walking speed and shorter stride length.
This PPT describes neurological gait deviations.
It describes Hemiplegic/circumductory gait, Spastic Diplegic gait, Parkinson gait, Myopathic & Ataxic gait in detail along with its causes and management in with Physiotherapy treatment. detail
Diastasis recti, or diastasis rectus abdominis (DRA), is a condition where the right and left halves of the rectus abdominis muscle, which meet at the midline of the abdomen, separate. This separation occurs when the connective tissue between the abdominal muscles (linea alba) stretches and weakens, allowing the abdominal muscles to separate.
Diastasis recti is most commonly seen in pregnant women, particularly during and after pregnancy. However, it can also occur in men, women who have never been pregnant, and in infants.
Inspiratory Muscle Training or Respiratory Muscle Training or Ventilatory Muscle Training. IMT is the physiotherapy technique, with the help of different breathing exercises.
Concept given by Shacklock (modern concept) and Butler (old concept), a method of assessment as well as treatment of peripheral neurological system by physiotherapists.
Part-I: The current slideshow: theoretical aspect of neurodynamics.
Part-II: Assessment of peripheral nervous system on the basis of neurodynamic concepts: Date: 01/04/2020
Part-III: treatment part: Date: 03/04/2020
Part-IV: Self neurodynamics: 05/04/2020
This PPT describes neurological gait deviations.
It describes Hemiplegic/circumductory gait, Spastic Diplegic gait, Parkinson gait, Myopathic & Ataxic gait in detail along with its causes and management in with Physiotherapy treatment. detail
Diastasis recti, or diastasis rectus abdominis (DRA), is a condition where the right and left halves of the rectus abdominis muscle, which meet at the midline of the abdomen, separate. This separation occurs when the connective tissue between the abdominal muscles (linea alba) stretches and weakens, allowing the abdominal muscles to separate.
Diastasis recti is most commonly seen in pregnant women, particularly during and after pregnancy. However, it can also occur in men, women who have never been pregnant, and in infants.
Inspiratory Muscle Training or Respiratory Muscle Training or Ventilatory Muscle Training. IMT is the physiotherapy technique, with the help of different breathing exercises.
Concept given by Shacklock (modern concept) and Butler (old concept), a method of assessment as well as treatment of peripheral neurological system by physiotherapists.
Part-I: The current slideshow: theoretical aspect of neurodynamics.
Part-II: Assessment of peripheral nervous system on the basis of neurodynamic concepts: Date: 01/04/2020
Part-III: treatment part: Date: 03/04/2020
Part-IV: Self neurodynamics: 05/04/2020
Det finns 10 store programmerings språk att välja i. Men dem är olika på många sätt, och dem används på olika områden. Dem ger också olika karriermöjlighet och lön.
Quando uma empresa cresce é natural que passe por um momento de mudanças na forma como seus funcionários interagem, se comunicam e colaboram. Nesta apresentação, um pouco da história de como a Dafiti enfrentou este processo, as dificuldades, os erros e o processo de superação.
Wie wollen Unternehmen professionelles Marketing betreiben, wenn die Kundenadressen veraltet sind oder erst mühsam zusammengetragen werden müssen? Ist ein zielgerichteter Dialog überhaupt möglich, wenn die Unternehmen die Historie der einzelnen Kunden nicht kennen? Der Schlüssel zum Erfolg liegt beim CRM.
