The presentation discussed new research using fiber optic strain gauges and finite element analysis to improve BOP shear ram modeling and predictions. It noted variability in actual shear test results compared to theoretical calculations. The research aims to develop more accurate mathematical models for predicting shear capabilities based on standard material testing data.
Improved QFN Reliability Process by John Ganjei. John will talk about the improvements in the reliability process in this webinar.
It is free to attend - see www.reliabilitycalendar.org/webinars/ to register for upcoming events.
In this Webinar we explore the details of actual case studies focusing on various signs that indicate if a particular support needs replaced or adjusted. The presentation also covers projects that brought on new standard designs and custom designs for specific applications. And lastly, it includes valuable additions and procedures that extend the typical life span of a pipe support.
This Webinar presentation includes pipe clamps, hold-down clamps, riser clamps and structural supports. Learn how the appropriate type of pipe support is chosen based on the different design conditions. Find out how Finite Element Analysis is used in the design process and view the custom pipe supports designed for extreme applications.
This presentation will cover pipe support design, 3D modeling, Finite Element Analysis, special stress and thermal cases, along with the unique cases that brought on new pipe support designs. Increase your understanding of the value-added services that are offered by PT&P, and rest assured that your Engineering and Design needs can be covered by our 24x7 web-based emergency services, providing field service, and quick-turn around time when you need it most. We look forward to having you join us for this complimentary presentation on Engineering and Design of Pipe Supports.
Improved QFN Reliability Process by John Ganjei. John will talk about the improvements in the reliability process in this webinar.
It is free to attend - see www.reliabilitycalendar.org/webinars/ to register for upcoming events.
In this Webinar we explore the details of actual case studies focusing on various signs that indicate if a particular support needs replaced or adjusted. The presentation also covers projects that brought on new standard designs and custom designs for specific applications. And lastly, it includes valuable additions and procedures that extend the typical life span of a pipe support.
This Webinar presentation includes pipe clamps, hold-down clamps, riser clamps and structural supports. Learn how the appropriate type of pipe support is chosen based on the different design conditions. Find out how Finite Element Analysis is used in the design process and view the custom pipe supports designed for extreme applications.
This presentation will cover pipe support design, 3D modeling, Finite Element Analysis, special stress and thermal cases, along with the unique cases that brought on new pipe support designs. Increase your understanding of the value-added services that are offered by PT&P, and rest assured that your Engineering and Design needs can be covered by our 24x7 web-based emergency services, providing field service, and quick-turn around time when you need it most. We look forward to having you join us for this complimentary presentation on Engineering and Design of Pipe Supports.
The Course also covers both successful and unsuccessful Case Histories in HPHT drilling operations from around the globe as reported by Operators & Drilling Contractors. New technologies available to the Industry are also covered.
This presentation will briefly touch on the basics of fabric expansion joints; however, is mainly focused on the various designs, material details, and applications. Learn how fabric expansion joints are engineered and fabricated for various applications and the many factors that influence those designs. View the abundance of materials used, including Fluoroplastic and Fluoroelastomer, and their respective capabilities. Take a journey through a Fossil Fired Power Plant and see exactly where fabric expansion joints are required.
An increasing number of power electronics products are taking advantage of a growing trend in the printed circuit board industry: Heavy Copper and EXTREME Copper Printed Circuit Boards.
Most commercially available PCBs are manufactured for low-voltage or low power applications, with copper traces or planes made up of copper weights ranging from 0.5 oz/ft2 to 3 oz/ft2. Heavy copper PCBs can have more than five times that copper weight, and EXTREME copper PCBs can range up to 200 oz/ft2.
This video discusses design considerations unique to this product as well as how much current these boards can carry. The minimum conductor width and spacing and cost trade-offs for the different techniques will also be covered.
From engineered pipe supports, expansion joints, pre-insulated pipe supports, and miscellaneous fabrication to various engineering and technical services, PT&P has decades of experience providing products and services for all your engineering and construction needs.
The Course also covers both successful and unsuccessful Case Histories in HPHT drilling operations from around the globe as reported by Operators & Drilling Contractors. New technologies available to the Industry are also covered.
This presentation will briefly touch on the basics of fabric expansion joints; however, is mainly focused on the various designs, material details, and applications. Learn how fabric expansion joints are engineered and fabricated for various applications and the many factors that influence those designs. View the abundance of materials used, including Fluoroplastic and Fluoroelastomer, and their respective capabilities. Take a journey through a Fossil Fired Power Plant and see exactly where fabric expansion joints are required.
An increasing number of power electronics products are taking advantage of a growing trend in the printed circuit board industry: Heavy Copper and EXTREME Copper Printed Circuit Boards.
Most commercially available PCBs are manufactured for low-voltage or low power applications, with copper traces or planes made up of copper weights ranging from 0.5 oz/ft2 to 3 oz/ft2. Heavy copper PCBs can have more than five times that copper weight, and EXTREME copper PCBs can range up to 200 oz/ft2.
This video discusses design considerations unique to this product as well as how much current these boards can carry. The minimum conductor width and spacing and cost trade-offs for the different techniques will also be covered.
From engineered pipe supports, expansion joints, pre-insulated pipe supports, and miscellaneous fabrication to various engineering and technical services, PT&P has decades of experience providing products and services for all your engineering and construction needs.
Experimental investigation of reinforcement couplers as replacement of bent-barrk pandey
In structural concrete, the provisions for anchorage of straight bars and hooks normally present detailing problems due to conjunction of reinforcement bar. Mechanical anchorage device eliminates detailing problems when conjunction of reinforcement bar. This paper represents the various method of mechanical anchorage and past work carried out on mechanical anchorage which shows the effectiveness of mechanical anchorage method over the most commonly used method.
General Overview of Deepwater Riser Design, the content is: Introduction, Riser Types, Main Selection Factors, Design Procedure, Dynamic Example of Riser Modeling and Summary
Finite Element Analysis of Precast, Prestressed Hollow core slab to evaluate ...Tirthak Shah
This presentation is prepared and presented as a part of the final research project presentation at the University of Manitoba under the supervision of Dr. Ehab El-salakawy. This presentation is uploaded for the sole purpose of helping others interested in the research topic. However, plagiarism is highly prohibited. All rights are reserved.
4. Understanding the ShearFunctionUnderstanding the ShearFunction
Last resort is to shearpipeLast resort is to shearpipe
and secure the well with theand secure the well with the
sealing shearram.sealing shearram.
Failure to shearcould resultFailure to shearcould result
in a majorsafety and/orin a majorsafety and/or
environmental event.environmental event.
Improved strength, largerandImproved strength, largerand
heavierdrill pipe adverselyheavierdrill pipe adversely
affects the ability toaffects the ability to
successfully shearand seal.successfully shearand seal.
5. Actual Shearing or Breaking ActionActual Shearing or Breaking Action
Lower Shear
Blade
Upper Shear
Blade Drill Pipebeing
collapsedduring
the shearing
process
Shear Blade Rake
Angles that apply
tension tothe
pipeduringthe
separation
process
Tension
Tension
Upper andLower ShearUpper andLower Shear
Blades crushingtheBlades crushingthe
drill pipeandbeginningdrill pipeandbeginning
theshearing(ortheshearing(or
breaking) operatiobreaking) operation.n.
6. Increased Shear Pressure due toIncreased Shear Pressure due to
Wellbore Pressure and Hydrostatic HeadWellbore Pressure and Hydrostatic Head
ClosingRatioClosingRatio
The areas where mud, seawater andBOPfluidpressuresThe areas where mud, seawater andBOPfluidpressures
effect aBOP’s operation:effect aBOP’s operation:
1 – MudPressure1 – MudPressure
2 – Seawater Pressure or hydrostatic head2 – Seawater Pressure or hydrostatic head
3 – BOPFluidPressureplus hydrostatic head3 – BOPFluidPressureplus hydrostatic head
4– Seawater Pressure or hydrostatic head4– Seawater Pressure or hydrostatic head
Area4andits pressure effects donot exist on BOPsArea4andits pressure effects donot exist on BOPs
without tailrods.without tailrods.
Hydrostatic Head
Wellbore Pressure
8. Observations
• There is a sm all but significant percentage of
shear tests where the actual test exceeds the
OEM calculation m ethod.
• Deviation between actual shear pressure tests
and theoretical calculations varies between
OEMs
• Data input requirem ents vary between OEMs
• Som e use nom inal yield, som e use
m easured stress from tensile test
10. Observations (cont’d)
• Metallurgical advances in drill pipe
• S-135 grades are now produced with im proved
ductility
• Z-140 and V-150 grades
• Higher strength, lower ductility, brittle fracture
• More com m on in deepwater
• Will ductility im prove as it did with S-135?
• Material Test Reports
• What m aterial tests produce the m ost accurate
shear predictions?
11. ShearExamples – Low & High DuctilityShearExamples – Low & High Ductility
Low ductility orbrittle pipe (left) and high ductility pipe (right).Low ductility orbrittle pipe (left) and high ductility pipe (right).
The high ductility pipe required almost 2,000 psi (over300Klb) more to shearThe high ductility pipe required almost 2,000 psi (over300Klb) more to shear
than the low ductility pipe even though the grades were the same, S-135.than the low ductility pipe even though the grades were the same, S-135.
The brittle pipe had cracking on the sides and did not collapse as much as theThe brittle pipe had cracking on the sides and did not collapse as much as the
ductile pipe.ductile pipe.
12. Pipe Geometry
Since the 2004 study…
• Larger OD pipes, thicker walls
• Longer internal upsets and tool joints
• Increase in verifications for concentric
tubulars, com pletion strings, wirelines,
etc.
• Maxim um fold-over lim it in som e
m odel BOP m odels
13. Observations (cont’d)
• Shear test repeatability
• Sam e grade & dim ension, different vendor - m ay produce different
test results
• Sam e pipe heat – variations in m easured yield strength, UTS, and
percent elongation
• Sam e pipe – variations in properties along the length of a single
joint
• New vs. used (prem ium ) pipe
• Variations in shear test m easurem ents
• Wall thickness
• Testing Protocol –
• Shear AND Seal
• Successful pressure tests – LP and HP
• Shop tests don’t replicate pipe stress conditions down hole.
14. Observations (cont’d)
• Subsea accum ulator volum e - shear pressure
available for em ergency functions
• Evolution of ram geom etry
₋ Replaceable blade com ponents
₋ Low force geom etries
₋ Pipe Centering
15. Industry Observations
• Keeping track of drill pipe on the rig – not easy
• Sharing of data – has im proved in recent years
• Attention to unusual loading conditions
• Side load
• Bending load
• Drill string in tension, com pression, or torsion
18. Objectives of Singapore GTC
• Providing a catalyst for accelerating growth
• Engagem ent with clients and governm ent via
collaborative projects
• Enhancing technical edge by focusing on R& D
Them es – Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 4-6
• Developing com plem entary technology to
Southam pton GTC
• Providing facilities for internal and client training
• Providing a m echanism for technology and skills
transfer
19.
20. Shear Ram Reliability Study
Phase 1 Objectives
1. Develop FEA m odeling m ethod using fracture theory
and determ ine what m aterial tests are required to
obtain accurate results vs. actual shear tests of sam e
pipe.
2. Evaluate the relationship between m aterial
properties and forces applied during BOP shearing
scenarios.
3. Evaluate the relationship between thin-wall and
thick walled tubulars.
4. Collect and analyze joint industry shearing data for
all grades of tubulars, BOP m odels, and shearing
ram configurations.
21. Target Outcome(s)/Benefits
• Develop or refine shear ram calculations
and m odelling techniques based on
em pirical evidence, using appropriate
statistical m ethods, and determ ine
appropriate factors of safety.
• Develop m ore accurate m athem atic
m odels for predicting shear capability, and
statistical reliability
22. Project Motivation
• Shear prediction is currently em pirical – loosely based on DET
and OEM test data directly or indirectly. Different form ulas for
each OEM.
• Most of the OEMs and LRED currently use variations of the
Distortion Energy fracture theory.
• Anecdotal results show that the theoretical shear pressures
are m uch higher than actual shear tests in m ajority of
cases, previous exception cases noted.
• For a given grade of pipe, there appears to be a rather
large distribution of test results for force required to shear
the pipe.
• Effects of ductility variation for a given nom inal yield pipe
• Industry is rapidly changing – new pipe grades, im proving
quality within pipe grades, new ram designs.
• Prediction based on historical data becom es outdated. No
m ethod for new situations.
23. Project Goals
• Scientific: Understand shearing, verify
theoretical m odeling with new fracture and
plasticity theory.
• Practical: Explore variation of shear force
within one pipe, within one heat batch, within
a pipe grade.
• Long term : develop theoretical prediction tool
based on standard m aterial testing.
24. Fracture Theory and FEA Modeling
• Application of a different fracture theory in Engineering
Mechanics Literature (Mohr- Coulom b Criterion) – crack
initiation as an extension of plasticity theory.
• FEA Modeling – elem ent rem oval when fracture
criterion is m et – sim ulated crack initiation and
propagation.
• Critical is the determ ination of plasticity and fracture
coefficients from m aterial testing.
26. Distortion Energy Theory
The distortion energy theory says
that failure occurs due to
distortion of a part, not due to
volum etric changes in the part
(distortion causes yielding, but
volum etric changes due not).
DistortionEnergy Theory is less
conservative than MaximumShear
StrengthTheory (Tresca Criterion),
but m ore conservative than the
MaximumNormal Stress Theory (von
Mises Yield Criterion)
Assum es com pressive and tensile
yield criteria are equal
F = 0.577 xSF = 0.577 xSYY xAxA
Where:Where:
F = Force, lbsF = Force, lbs
SSYY = material tensileyieldstrength,= material tensileyieldstrength,
psipsi
27. Does the distortion energy theory
accurately model fracture of newer,
stronger, less ductile drill pipe?
Is thereabetter way tomodel
increasingly morebrittlefracture
characteristics, inorder tocalculate
force(hydraulic operatingpressure)
requiredtoshear aparticular
tubular?
28. MIT Research, 2007 - 2012
• Have applied a different fracture theory to predict
m aterial failures in autom otive, structural, and naval
applications
• The Mohr-Coulom b fracture theory, aka the
Coulom b Criterion
• Applied a different m ethodology to traditional Finite
Elem ent Modeling.
• Traditional FEA does not address initiation of cracks,
but only propagation of cracks
• This approach takes into account crack initiation,
and then incorporates the rem oval of the elem ent
from the m odel once yield criteria is exceeded
29. Mohr–Coulomb Yield
(failure) Criterion
(aka Coulomb Criterion)
Sim ilar to MaximumShear Strength
Theory (Tresca Criterion), but take
also applies to m aterials for which
the com pressive strength far
exceeds the tensile strength
Mostly used geotechnical and
structural engineering to
determ ine shear strength and
fracture angle
Source: MITPaper
31. Phase 1 Methodology
• Create advanced m aterial test coupons from pipe
• Preferably on fish that have already been tested
• Data analysis to get m aterial coefficients from m aterial
tests.
• Plug those m aterial coefficients in FEA m odeling of
BOP/Pipe shearing
• Com pare those FEA results against actual shear test results
and calculations using existing Distortion Energy Theory
techniques
33. Material Testing results
are then mapped and a
3-D best fit is determined
This determines the yield
surface as predicted by
the Coulomb Criterion
Source: MITPaper
34. FEA Model
That m aterial property
data is then applied to
every elem ent in the
FEA m odel.
Source: MITPaper
35. Seek minimum adequate input set
• Material constants needed for FEA can be
determ ined based on variable am ount of
input data from m aterial testing.
• Determ ine m inim um adequate data input set.
1) MTR data (Yield, UTS, %elongation)
2) Tensile curve
3) Com pression curve
4) Torsion Curve
5) Notched Tensile coupon
6) Tensile coupon with central hole
7) Charpy
36. Variability
• Correlate FEA results against current theoretical
calculation m ethods and actual shear test results
• Repeatability/variance of shear pressures for a given set
of drill pipe.
• Variations in shearing force:
1) Within one pipe
2) Am ong pipes from the sam e heat/m etallurgical
batch “identical MTR row”
3) Am ong various heats on the Sam e Purchase order
4) Within a pipe grade (S-135, Z-140, V-150)
37. Current Project Status
• FEA Model in Developm ent
• Establishing JIP
• Obtaining shear test data
• Corresponding m aterial test data
38. Coulomb Criterion Applied to
Finite Element Modeling (FEA)
Future Phases of Research
Practical Applications
39. Future Proposed Extension of the Study
– Practical Applications
1. Shear Prediction tool possible with existing MTR data,
pipe & ram geom etry.
2. Shear prediction tool possible if additional test(s)
added to MTR standard.
• Provide recom m endations for m odifications to
standard industry shear testing and m aterial
testing protocols, if warranted.
1. Investigate the effects of loading on the drill string
and how that affects force required to shear
• Tension, com pression, bending, torsion, “Side
Load”
40. Future Proposed Extension of the Study
– Practical Applications (cont’d)
4. Evaluate the effectiveness of existing shear designs
relative to of com plex tubular geom etries, such as
VIT, concentric tubulars, wirelines, etc.
5. Have a theoretical m ethod for looking at new
m aterials
6. Have a theoretical m ethod for looking at alternate
ram s ram geom etries.
7. Ability to affect m ultiple shears prior to changing out
ram blocks and rubber goods.
8. Ability to shear tool joints using casing shear ram s or
m odified blind shear ram s.
9. Shearing at depth or in a hyperbaric pressure
cham ber
47. Applications of the Technology
• BOP Use Cases
• Shear Testing
• Establishing healthy state vs. known failure signature
data
• Long term potential for real tim e m onitoring
• Other non-BOP use cases
• Tensioners
• Com pensation
• Riser stress m onitoring
• Non-invasive
• Intrinsically safe
• Easily calibrated
48. Acknowledgements
• Ted Cole
• Andy Frankland
• Manfred Lin
• Chris Tolleson
• Allan Turner
• Greg Childs
• Jeff Sattler
• A*Star
• http://www.m icronoptics.com /
• Micron Optics
• http://www.a-star.edu.sg/
• Students, Faculty and Staff
at MIT
49. References
• International Journal of Fracture,
“Application of
extended Mohr-
Coulomb criterion to
ductile failure,”
• Yuanli Bai, Thom asz Wierzbicki,
May 2009
• International Journal of Plasticity,
“A new model of
metal plasticity and
fracture with
pressure and Lode
dependence,”
• Yuanli Bai, Thom asz Wierzbicki,
2007
• MITThesis Paper,
“Numerical
Analysis of a
Shear Ram and
Experimental
• “Mini Shear Study“
• West Engineering Services, 2002
• “Shear Ram Capabilities
Study for the US
Minerals Management
Service, Rev 1”
• WEST Engineering Services, Novem ber
2004
50. Integrating ModuSpec and WEST Engineering Services
to advance excellence in drilling safety, integrity and performance
For m ore inform ation, please
contact:
Covey Hall
Global Manager for Consulting
Services
Lloyd’s Register Energy – Drilling
Lloyds Register Drilling Integrity
Services, Inc.
1330 Enclave Parkway, Suite 200
Houston, TX 77077
T +1 832-295-7154
E covie.hall@lr.org
Wwww.lr.org/drilling
