The document summarizes a study on using impedance plethysmography to detect venous thrombosis. It describes how a small alternating current is passed through electrodes on the body and the resulting voltage is measured. Changes in impedance caused by blood flow or clots can then be analyzed. The study developed a low-cost, portable device for performing impedance measurements. Tests on healthy subjects showed it could reliably measure impedance. Impedance plethysmography provides a non-invasive alternative to ultrasound or venography for detecting deep vein thrombosis and assessing venous health.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Project Report on ECG Transmitter using Agilent ADS (Advance System Design)Manu Mitra
In 1996, Intellidesign Pty Ltd (then IntelliMed) was approached by a cardiologist to design an ECG Holter monitor. This original device was a two or three lead, single channel ECG device, which could continuously record for a maximum of one hour. Additionally, the device had Polar Chest Strap capabilities for the added functionality as a Heart Rate monitor. The device could operate in four different modes: 1-hour ECG Recording Mode, in which the device would record one continuous hour of near diagnostic quality ECG trace during exercise; Event Recording Mode, in which the device would record up to 60, one minute segments around a recorded event, over a period of up to 24 hours; Heart rate Recording Mode, in which the unit would have the capacity to record up to 24 hours of heart rate information; and ECG Telemetry Mode, in which the unit would transmit, via a Radio Frequency (RF) link, a real-time ECG signal to a receiver unit. The purpose of this project is to design ECG transmitter using the software Agilent ADS.
Evaluating ECG Capturing Using Sound-Card of PC/Laptopijics
The purpose of the Evaluating ECG capturing using sound-card of PC/Laptop is provided portable and low
cost ECG monitoring system using laptop and mobile phones. There is no need to interface microcontroller
or any other device to transmit ECG data. This research is based on hardware design,
implementation, signal capturing and Evaluation of an ECG processing and analyzing system which attend
the physicians in heart disease diagnosis. Some important modification is given in design part to avoid all
definitive ECG instrument problems faced in previous designs. Moreover, attenuate power frequency noise
and noise that produces from patient's body have required additional developments. The hardware design
has basically three units: transduction and conditioning Unit, interfacing unit and data processing unit.
The most focusing factor is the ECG signal/data transmits in laptop/PC via microphone pin. The live
simulation is possible using SOUNDSCOPE software in PC/Laptop. The software program that is written
in MATLAB and LAB-View performs data acquisition (record, stored, filtration) and several tasks such as
QRS detection, calculate heart rate.
A Wireless ECG Plaster for Real-Time Cardiac Health Monitoring in Body Senso...ecgpapers
In this paper we present a wireless ECG plaster
that can be used for real-time monitoring of ECG in cardiac
patients. The proposed device is light weight (25 grams),
wearable and can wirelessly transmit the patient’s ECG signal to
mobile phone or PC using ZigBee. The device has a battery life of
around 26 hours while in continuous operation, owing to the
proposed ultra-low power ECG acquisition front end chip. The
prototype has been verified in clinical trials.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Project Report on ECG Transmitter using Agilent ADS (Advance System Design)Manu Mitra
In 1996, Intellidesign Pty Ltd (then IntelliMed) was approached by a cardiologist to design an ECG Holter monitor. This original device was a two or three lead, single channel ECG device, which could continuously record for a maximum of one hour. Additionally, the device had Polar Chest Strap capabilities for the added functionality as a Heart Rate monitor. The device could operate in four different modes: 1-hour ECG Recording Mode, in which the device would record one continuous hour of near diagnostic quality ECG trace during exercise; Event Recording Mode, in which the device would record up to 60, one minute segments around a recorded event, over a period of up to 24 hours; Heart rate Recording Mode, in which the unit would have the capacity to record up to 24 hours of heart rate information; and ECG Telemetry Mode, in which the unit would transmit, via a Radio Frequency (RF) link, a real-time ECG signal to a receiver unit. The purpose of this project is to design ECG transmitter using the software Agilent ADS.
Evaluating ECG Capturing Using Sound-Card of PC/Laptopijics
The purpose of the Evaluating ECG capturing using sound-card of PC/Laptop is provided portable and low
cost ECG monitoring system using laptop and mobile phones. There is no need to interface microcontroller
or any other device to transmit ECG data. This research is based on hardware design,
implementation, signal capturing and Evaluation of an ECG processing and analyzing system which attend
the physicians in heart disease diagnosis. Some important modification is given in design part to avoid all
definitive ECG instrument problems faced in previous designs. Moreover, attenuate power frequency noise
and noise that produces from patient's body have required additional developments. The hardware design
has basically three units: transduction and conditioning Unit, interfacing unit and data processing unit.
The most focusing factor is the ECG signal/data transmits in laptop/PC via microphone pin. The live
simulation is possible using SOUNDSCOPE software in PC/Laptop. The software program that is written
in MATLAB and LAB-View performs data acquisition (record, stored, filtration) and several tasks such as
QRS detection, calculate heart rate.
A Wireless ECG Plaster for Real-Time Cardiac Health Monitoring in Body Senso...ecgpapers
In this paper we present a wireless ECG plaster
that can be used for real-time monitoring of ECG in cardiac
patients. The proposed device is light weight (25 grams),
wearable and can wirelessly transmit the patient’s ECG signal to
mobile phone or PC using ZigBee. The device has a battery life of
around 26 hours while in continuous operation, owing to the
proposed ultra-low power ECG acquisition front end chip. The
prototype has been verified in clinical trials.
Identification of Myocardial Infarction from Multi-Lead ECG signalIJERA Editor
Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the cheap and noninvasive method of depicting the heart activity and abnormalities.
It provides information about the functionality of the heart. It is the record of variation of bioelectric potential
with respect to time as the human heart beats. The classification of ECG signals is an important application since
the early detection of heart diseases/abnormalities can prolong life and enhance the quality of living through
appropriate treatment. Since the ECG signals, while recording are contaminated by several noises it is necessary
to preprocess the signals prior to classification. Digital filters are used to remove noise from the signal. Principal
component analysis is applied on the 12 lead signal to extract various features. The present paper shows the
unique feature, point score calculated on the basis of the features extracted from the ECG signal. The point
score calculation is tested for 40 myocardial infarction ECG signals and 25 Normal ECG signals from the PTB
Diagnostic database with 94% sensitivity.
Heart rate detection using hilbert transformeSAT Journals
Abstract The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a well known method that can be used to measure Heart Rate Variability (HRV). This paper describes a procedure for processing electrocardiogram signals (ECG) to detect Heart Rate Variability (HRV). In recent years, there have been wide-ranging studies on Heart rate variability in ECG signals and analysis of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA). Normally the Heart rate variability is studied based on cycle length variability, heart period variability, RR variability and RR interval tachogram. The HRV provides information about the sympathetic-parasympathetic autonomic stability and consequently about the risk of unpredicted cardiac death. The heart beats in ECG signal are detected by detecting R-Peaks in ECG signals and used to determine useful information about the various cardiac abnormalities. The temporal locations of the R-wave are identified as the locations of the QRS complexes. In the presence of poor signal-to-noise ratios or pathological signals and wrong placement of ECG electrodes, the QRS complex may be missed or falsely detected and may lead to poor results in calculating heart beat in turn inter-beat intervals. We have studied the effects of number of common elements of QRS detection methods using MIT/BIH arrhythmia database and devised a simple and effective method. In this method, first the ECG signal is preprocessed using band-pass filter; later the Hilbert Transform is applied on filtered ECG signal to enhance the presence of QRS complexes, to detect R-Peaks by setting a threshold and finally the RR-intervals are calculated to determine Heart Rate. We have implemented our method using MATLAB on ECG signal which is obtained from MIT/BIH arrhythmia database. Our MATLAB implementation results in the detection of QRS complexes in ECG signal, locate the R-Peaks, computes Heart Rate (HR) by calculating RR-internal and plotting of HR signal to show the information about HRV. Index Terms: ECG, QRS complex, R-Peaks, HRV, Heart Rate signal, RSA, Hilbert Transform, Arrhythmia, MIT/BIH, MATLAB and Lynn’s filters
A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck or jaw
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Understanding the Translational Value of PV Loops from Mouse to ManInsideScientific
In this exclusive webinar sponsored by Millar, Dr. Navin Kapur, Assistant Professor and Assistant Director of the Interventional Cardiology Center at Tufts Medical Center, discusses how PV loop data can translate over from mouse to man and provide a confident approach to evaluating drug studies, device validation and treatments outcomes. Hemodynamics and measurements of cardiac function from the research bench-top are presented along with findings from the clinical research settings. Furthermore, Dr. Kapur provides perspective on how PV Loops can be used as a tool for the interventional cardiologist and during the evaluation of advanced heart failure.
Dr. Navin Kapur's research interests include the molecular basis of cardiac fibrosis, transforming growth factor-beta signaling in cardiac fibroblasts, and novel imaging modalities of myocardial perfusion.
The basics of the biomedical equipments, ECG, EMG, EEG, Pace maker, Defibrillator, Lasik, Robotics Surgery, ICU, Bio-Telemetry system, Plasma Medicine, etc are discussed and the video link of the topics are also given.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design an impedance plethysmography system for measuring limbMirza Baig
Abstract:
Limb blood as a flow permanent flow per beat and the volume of cardiac output
Safe method
Non-reactive
Advance analog amplifier
Microprocessor controller
Flexible output signal
An Electrocardiograph based Arrythmia Detection SystemDr. Amarjeet Singh
Cardiac disorders turn out to be a serious disease if
not diagnosed and treated at the earliest. Arrhythmia is a
cardiac disorder that exists as a result of irregular heart beat
conditions. There are several variants in this type of disorder
which can be only diagnosed only when patient is under an
intensive care conditions and also the patient with such
disorder do not experience and physical symptoms. Such
diseases turn out to be deadly if not treated early. A detection
system is thus required which is capable of detecting these
arrhythmias in real time and aid in the diagnosis. An FPGA
based arrhythmia detection system is designed and
implemented here which can detect second degree AV block
type of arrhythmia. The designed system was simulated and
tested with ECG signal from MIT-BH database and the
results revealed that a robust arrhythmia detection system
was implemented.
Sharpening the Saw means preserving and enhancing the greatest asset you have, which is you. It keeps you fresh. You increase your capacity to produce and handle the challenges around you.
A/HRC/11/41/Add.2
23 de marzo de 2009
CONSEJO DE DERECHOS HUMANOS
11º período de sesiones
Tema 3 de la agenda
PROMOCIÓN Y PROTECCIÓN DE TODOS LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS, CIVILES, POLÍTICOS, ECONÓMICOS, SOCIALES Y CULTURALES, INCLUIDO EL DERECHO AL DESARROLLO
Informe del Relator Especial sobre la independencia de los magistrados y abogados, Leandro Despouy
Identification of Myocardial Infarction from Multi-Lead ECG signalIJERA Editor
Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the cheap and noninvasive method of depicting the heart activity and abnormalities.
It provides information about the functionality of the heart. It is the record of variation of bioelectric potential
with respect to time as the human heart beats. The classification of ECG signals is an important application since
the early detection of heart diseases/abnormalities can prolong life and enhance the quality of living through
appropriate treatment. Since the ECG signals, while recording are contaminated by several noises it is necessary
to preprocess the signals prior to classification. Digital filters are used to remove noise from the signal. Principal
component analysis is applied on the 12 lead signal to extract various features. The present paper shows the
unique feature, point score calculated on the basis of the features extracted from the ECG signal. The point
score calculation is tested for 40 myocardial infarction ECG signals and 25 Normal ECG signals from the PTB
Diagnostic database with 94% sensitivity.
Heart rate detection using hilbert transformeSAT Journals
Abstract The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a well known method that can be used to measure Heart Rate Variability (HRV). This paper describes a procedure for processing electrocardiogram signals (ECG) to detect Heart Rate Variability (HRV). In recent years, there have been wide-ranging studies on Heart rate variability in ECG signals and analysis of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA). Normally the Heart rate variability is studied based on cycle length variability, heart period variability, RR variability and RR interval tachogram. The HRV provides information about the sympathetic-parasympathetic autonomic stability and consequently about the risk of unpredicted cardiac death. The heart beats in ECG signal are detected by detecting R-Peaks in ECG signals and used to determine useful information about the various cardiac abnormalities. The temporal locations of the R-wave are identified as the locations of the QRS complexes. In the presence of poor signal-to-noise ratios or pathological signals and wrong placement of ECG electrodes, the QRS complex may be missed or falsely detected and may lead to poor results in calculating heart beat in turn inter-beat intervals. We have studied the effects of number of common elements of QRS detection methods using MIT/BIH arrhythmia database and devised a simple and effective method. In this method, first the ECG signal is preprocessed using band-pass filter; later the Hilbert Transform is applied on filtered ECG signal to enhance the presence of QRS complexes, to detect R-Peaks by setting a threshold and finally the RR-intervals are calculated to determine Heart Rate. We have implemented our method using MATLAB on ECG signal which is obtained from MIT/BIH arrhythmia database. Our MATLAB implementation results in the detection of QRS complexes in ECG signal, locate the R-Peaks, computes Heart Rate (HR) by calculating RR-internal and plotting of HR signal to show the information about HRV. Index Terms: ECG, QRS complex, R-Peaks, HRV, Heart Rate signal, RSA, Hilbert Transform, Arrhythmia, MIT/BIH, MATLAB and Lynn’s filters
A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck or jaw
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Understanding the Translational Value of PV Loops from Mouse to ManInsideScientific
In this exclusive webinar sponsored by Millar, Dr. Navin Kapur, Assistant Professor and Assistant Director of the Interventional Cardiology Center at Tufts Medical Center, discusses how PV loop data can translate over from mouse to man and provide a confident approach to evaluating drug studies, device validation and treatments outcomes. Hemodynamics and measurements of cardiac function from the research bench-top are presented along with findings from the clinical research settings. Furthermore, Dr. Kapur provides perspective on how PV Loops can be used as a tool for the interventional cardiologist and during the evaluation of advanced heart failure.
Dr. Navin Kapur's research interests include the molecular basis of cardiac fibrosis, transforming growth factor-beta signaling in cardiac fibroblasts, and novel imaging modalities of myocardial perfusion.
The basics of the biomedical equipments, ECG, EMG, EEG, Pace maker, Defibrillator, Lasik, Robotics Surgery, ICU, Bio-Telemetry system, Plasma Medicine, etc are discussed and the video link of the topics are also given.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design an impedance plethysmography system for measuring limbMirza Baig
Abstract:
Limb blood as a flow permanent flow per beat and the volume of cardiac output
Safe method
Non-reactive
Advance analog amplifier
Microprocessor controller
Flexible output signal
An Electrocardiograph based Arrythmia Detection SystemDr. Amarjeet Singh
Cardiac disorders turn out to be a serious disease if
not diagnosed and treated at the earliest. Arrhythmia is a
cardiac disorder that exists as a result of irregular heart beat
conditions. There are several variants in this type of disorder
which can be only diagnosed only when patient is under an
intensive care conditions and also the patient with such
disorder do not experience and physical symptoms. Such
diseases turn out to be deadly if not treated early. A detection
system is thus required which is capable of detecting these
arrhythmias in real time and aid in the diagnosis. An FPGA
based arrhythmia detection system is designed and
implemented here which can detect second degree AV block
type of arrhythmia. The designed system was simulated and
tested with ECG signal from MIT-BH database and the
results revealed that a robust arrhythmia detection system
was implemented.
Sharpening the Saw means preserving and enhancing the greatest asset you have, which is you. It keeps you fresh. You increase your capacity to produce and handle the challenges around you.
A/HRC/11/41/Add.2
23 de marzo de 2009
CONSEJO DE DERECHOS HUMANOS
11º período de sesiones
Tema 3 de la agenda
PROMOCIÓN Y PROTECCIÓN DE TODOS LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS, CIVILES, POLÍTICOS, ECONÓMICOS, SOCIALES Y CULTURALES, INCLUIDO EL DERECHO AL DESARROLLO
Informe del Relator Especial sobre la independencia de los magistrados y abogados, Leandro Despouy
Comment libérer et réinventer les organisationsOlaf Lewitz
Agile et Lean ne sont pas une destination, ils sont un voyage. Un voyage et un ensemble de méthodes et d'outils pour nous aider à changer la façon dont nous travaillons et nous nous traitons mutuellement.
Derrière ces pratiques il y a des croyances fondamentalement différentes sur les organisations et les personnes qui travaillent avec nous:
- Sommes-nous la pour dire aux autres quoi faire, ou pour écouter ce que les autres veulent?
- Sommes-nous une machine bien huilée où chaque élément doit fonctionner comme il se doit, ou sommes-nous un organisme qui écoute et réagi à son environnement?
- Faisons-nous notre travail parce que l'on nous dit comment le faire ou parce que nous croyons dans le sens et le pourquoi de ce que nous faisons ?
Comment transformer une organisation « comment et contrôle » en une organisation « pourquoi » ?
Notre invité Olaf Lewitz nous présentera sa vision sur la transformation basé sur la confiance et nous inspira avec des outils pratiques et des exemples pour y parvenir.
INVESTIGATING THE USE OF IMPEDANCE PLETHYSMOGRAPHY FOR DETECTING DECREASED BL...Mirza Baig
Literature Review
According to Isabel Morales’ research, the foot impedance plethysmography was carried out with two distinct kinds of electrodes, using 1mA/10kHz and finding the impedance of the foot.
In this study Piuzzi research is an ultimate technique selected that makes use of a current with a frequency of 50 kHz that is injected into the thorax of the subject using a couple of textile electrodes.
In this study of Ramkumar & Babu, blood flow was performed using a fuzzy logic toolbox with many different activities, measured before and after the 25 seconds of breath-holding activity. The plethysmographic waveform of forearm impedance can be used to analyze the changes in a heartbeat that are correlated with the changes in heart stroke volume.
Contribution
In this work we are investigating using multiple electrodes to see the additional data going to make testing easier.
Our research is primarily focusing on the amount of blood flow through the finger of the upper limb for diabetic patients.
Conclusion
The finger-simplified model was created in model geometry. A framework made up of five parts was used to build the finger. (i.e., skin, fat, artery, muscle, and bone)
The study includes COMSOL simulation results compared with experimental results to obtain the optimum parameters for this technique. The COMSOL simulation uses 4 electrodes in different positions with a current of 10mA giving the optimal frequency of 100Hz.
It was shown that multiple electrodes can be useful in obtaining impedance change.
This is useful because signals can not be obtained from one pair, or to further support the results.
The study was performed under normal resting conditions where an experimental procedure was set up to measure the impedance response from the finger.
Experiment results were not conclusive as more sensitive impedance analyzers are required.
This research will be helpful to find out the heartbeat using impedance plethysmography.
Blood Flow Sensors and Meters with their workingjafarfarwa
These are slides about blood flow meters and sensors with introduction to a new technology of flexible sensors that can be used as a lie detector ... slides have prepared by me with a great hardwork on material,animations and transitions.
BLOOD IS A CONTINOUSLY VARYING QUANTITY and hard to measure .it can be magnetized to create polarity so that we measure the blood flow . blood can also be sensed using ultrasonic beams.
and the precious and amazing technology is FLEXIBLE SENSORS that can sense blood and measure its velocity . they can sense even a very very small change in the temprature of blood upto 3 decimal places . So see it in my slides and enjoy . hope u will satisfied by it .
THANKYOU :)
DENOISING OF ECG SIGNAL USING FILTERS AND WAVELET TRANSFORMIJEEE
This paper presents a comparison of methods for denoising the Electrocardiogram signal. The methods are applied on
MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and implemented using MATLAB software.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
(short presentation) A Wearable Monitoring System for Continuously Assessing ...Meghan Hegarty
MedTech 2010
M. Hegarty, F. Livingston, E. Grant, L. Reid
Center for Robotics and Intelligent Machines (North Carolina State University)
Carolon Company (Rural Hall, NC)
A Wearable Monitoring System for Continuously Assessing the Health of the Per...Meghan Hegarty
MedTech 2010
M. Hegarty, F. Livingston, E. Grant, L. Reid
Center for Robotics and Intelligent Machines (North Carolina State University)
Carolon Company (Rural Hall, NC)
Telemedicine System For Cardiac PatientsSharad Karwa
The aim of this project is to create a personalized heart monitoring system using smart phones and electrodes and mobile application which is capable of monitoring the health of high risk cardiac patients. The smart phone application analyses in real-time sensor and environmental data and can automatically alert the doctors and pre-assigned caregivers when a heart patient is in danger. It also transmits sensor data to a given healthcare centre for remote monitoring by a nurse or cardiologist. The project aims to have a better system that is always with patient to monitor clearly and make the record of abnormalities obtained. If we are in dangerous or unconscious condition, it alerts the user or alerts doctor or relative by making a call to family doctor or some relative. The system can be personalized and rehabilitation programs can monitor the progress of a patient. These rehabilitation programs can be used to give advice or to reassure the patient.
Denoising of Radial Bioimpedance Signals using Adaptive Wavelet Packet Transf...iosrjce
In recent years, the accurate computer aided diagnosis of the cardiovascular diseases is gaining
momentum. In addition to accuracy, non-invasiveness of the measurement techniques has become the need of
the hour. Impedance cardiography is one such method which has become a synonym for indirect assessment of
monitoring the stroke volume, cardiac output and other hemodynamic parameters by monitoring the blood
volume changes of the body. Changes occurring in the blood volume within a certain body segment due to
various physiological processes are captured in terms of the impedance variations of that segment. But this
method is affected by electrical noise such as power line hum and motion and respiratory artifacts due to
movement of the subject while acquiring the bioimpedance signal. This can cause errors in the automatic
extraction of the characteristic points for estimation the hemodynamic parameters. This paper presents two
algorithms for baseline wander removal from the bioimpedance waveform obtained at the radial pulse of the left
hand, one based on wavelet packet decomposition and the other based on the Kalman filter. The impedance
signals have been acquired by using the peripheral pulse analyzer. The results for the wavelet packet decomposition are found to be better than that of the Kalman filter.
Current Electricity- Dr. Diksha Gondkar, MPT (Neuro)DikshaGondkar
Content:-
1. EMF
2. Resistance: Combination of resistance in series and parallel
Ohms Law
3. D.C., A.C.
4. Devices for regulating current: Identification, functioning & Uses- Rheostat, Potentiometer, Ammeters,
5. Thermal effects of electric current
Electromagnetic Flow meters
Blood flow helps to understand basic physiological processes and e.g. the dissolution of a medicine into the body.
Blood flow and changes in blood volume, are usually correlated with concentration of nutrients and other substance in the blood.
Also, Blood Flow measurement reflects the concentration of O2.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
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Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
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I04845861
1. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.org
ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719
Vol. 04, Issue 08 (August. 2014), ||V4|| PP 58-61
International organization of Scientific Research 58 | P a g e
Study of Venous Thromobosis using Impedance Plethsmography Miss Sarika Tapre 1 , Prof. Jyothi Warrier 2 1(Biomedical Engineering, MGMCET / Mumbai University, India) 2(Biomedical Engineering, MGMCET / Mumbai University, India) Abstract: - This paper is on development of venous thrombosis using Impedance Plethsmography which can be used in institute laboratory, colleges for learning which is efficient to understand the actual working of Impedance Plethsmography. A small 1mA, 50 KHz current is injected into the body through two electrodes and the induced voltage is picked up using another pair of electrodes and placed inside the current electrodes. The amplitude of the signal thus obtained is directly proportional to the electrical impedance (Zo) offered by the body segment between the voltage electrodes. A change in the impedance, which is caused by physiological processes like blood clot, respiration, etc., modulates the amplitude of the carrier. A battery operated low cost and compact Bioelectrical Impedance Meter is developed which can be used for estimation of body impedance, stroke volume, cardiac output, arterial pulse wave velocity and bone mineral density. It is used to measure body impedance from healthy subjects in a lab setup. These parameters may be used for estimation of body impedance. Keywords: - BIA-Bioelectrical impedance analysis, DVT-Deep Venous Thrombosis, MRI- Magnetic resonance imagine, MVO-Maximum Venous Outflow, OIP -Occlusive Impedance Phlebography , VC-Venous Capacitance
I. INTRODUCTION
The Impedance Plethysmography, also called impedance test or blood flow, is a non-invasive test that uses electrical monitoring in the form of resistance (impedance) changes to measure blood flow in veins of the leg. Information from this test helps doctors to detect superficial vein thrombosis (blood clots).The Impedance Plethysmography is “Recording of instantaneous volume (of an object) by measurement of electrical impedance”. It has, however become a synonym for “indirect assessment of blood volume changes in any part of the body from changes in the electrical impedance of the body segment” [1]. In this technique, a fixed 1 mA sinusoidal carrier at 50 KHz is passed through the body with the help of two surface electrodes (called the current electrodes) and the voltage developed along the current path is sensed with the help of another pair of electrodes (called the voltage electrodes). The amplitude of the signal thus obtained is directly proportional to the electrical impedance (Zo) offered by the body segment between the voltage electrodes. A change in the impedance, which is caused by physiological processes like blood clot, respiration, etc., modulates the amplitude of the carrier. Electronic processing of this signal thus yields relevant physiological information [1]. There are various methods to detect venous blood clot, among which ultrasound is most commonly used. The patient size and shape limits the ability for ultrasound to provide a definitive answer. The second method is Venography, where in a radiologist injects contrast dye into small vein or foot and using fluoroscopy (video X-ray), watches the dye fill the vein in the extremity as it travel back to heart. The area of clot can thus be visualized. The third method known as computerized tomography (CT scan) is often the test of choice when suspicion of pulmonary embolus is high. Contrast material is injected intravenously, and the radiologist can determine whether a clot is present in pulmonary vessels. All these methods are invasive, costly and non-portable to measure the blood clot. Thus there is a need for a safe non-invasive technique that is rapid and convenient and provides reliable and sufficiently accurate estimates of human body composition outside the laboratory. Measurement of whole-body bioelectrical impedance is an approach that meets this need.
II. BLOCKS OF SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
The system uses the bio-impedance method. This developed hardware with 4 Electrode systems applies a small 1 mA, 50 KHz ac current into body segment. This current induces the voltage across the voltage electrodes. From this voltage we calculate the impedance. The electrodes which are used in the project are made of copper mesh coated with tin to avoid damage due to environmental condition the copper is used for the better conductivity of the signal and to cut out the noise. These electrodes are suspended on human body. The 4 electrodes are placed at some distance, outer electrodes are current electrodes and inner electrodes are the voltage electrodes. These voltage and current signals are used to calculate the impedance.
2. Study of Venous Thromobosis using Impedance Plethsmography
International organization of Scientific Research 59 | P a g e
The electrodes are the band type electrodes which are good conductor of electric current. These electrodes are made of copper mesh coated with tin to avoid damage due to environmental condition. This is the main block architecture of the project. The system is a rechargeable DC battery operated and a low voltage drop out regulator IC which supplies +5V DC. As the whole designed system requires ±5V supply, the +5V output of the regulator is given to DC to DC converter which Converts the +5V supply to ± 5V supply. The square wave generator type NE 555 is used for the generating the square signal of the 50 KHz. The square generator is a simple astable multi-vibrator operating at +5V supply which generates a square wave of 48 KHz which is required for the estimation of body impedance. Then the square signal passes through low pass filter. The low pass filter is designed to convert the square wave in to sine wave with a cut of frequency of 240 KHz to avoid interferences like radio frequency, electrical, etc. Op-Amp is used to design the low pass filter. After low pass filter band pass filter allows the frequency of 40 KHz to 60 KHz to noise interference. The band pass filter output which is in voltage form converted into the equivalent current designed in the specified frequency range. These circuits can be used as multi frequency constant current source independent of load [6]. The generated current of 1mA, 50 KHz is given to the body through current electrodes. The generated voltage in the body is sensed by isolation transformer. The isolation transformer isolates the body from electronics circuit. The output of isolation transformer is amplified by instrumentation amplifier. This amplified output is given to the full-wave rectifier. The full wave rectifier output is DC voltage. This output of DC voltage is called impedance of body. This output impedance is connected to graphical LCD through microcontroller on which we can observe the change in impedance due to the blood flow.
III. OCCLUSIVE IMPEDANCE PHLEBOGRAPHY (OIP)
For the assessment of venous circulation, the proximal veins are occluded with the help of a tourniquet. The current electrodes are applied around abdomen (I1) and foot (I2).V1 and V2 are measured around the distal part of extremity 10-15 cm apart. The system is reset, OIP function is selected and then the tourniquet is inflated to 50 to 60 mm of Hg. When ΔZ (t) waveform reaches saturation, the cuff is deflated suddenly. Stop key is pressed after the waveform return to base level. The waveform is then printed.
Tourniquet T applied at thigh when inflated to 50 mmHg stops venous returns from distal segment of the leg. This results in an increase in the amount of blood in the amount of blood in the body segment between the electrode V1 and V2 with every cardiac ejection and therefore a corresponding decrease in the impedance of the body segment. Linear segment of ΔZ(t) curve showing a ΔZa change in impedance during Ta second can be used for computation of arterial blood flow. Since veins have more capacity to accommodate blood than arteries due to their thin walls, this maximum change in impedance falling the occlusion of proximal veins was called Venous Capacitance (VC) as shown in fig. no. 1.2 Sudden deflection of tourniquet at this stage causes the vein to empty their blood rapidly. The rate of change of impedance (ΔZv/Tv in fig. 1.2) after the deflection of
3. Study of Venous Thromobosis using Impedance Plethsmography
International organization of Scientific Research 60 | P a g e
tourniquet is called Maximum Venous Outflow (MVO) as the veins are fully distended before the veins flow starts. VC and MVO thus obtained represents the status of venous circulation Fig. 1.2 Venous occlusion principle for the estimation of peripheral blood flow and assessment of venous circulation [1].
IV. RESULT
The OIP record obtained from controller subject using the instrument developed is shown in figure no: 1.3 which is very similar that figure 1.2 Fig. 1.3 Output Waveform.
V. CONCLUSION
Diagnosis of venous disorder and particularly of deep venous thrombosis is very important as the same can lead to fatal pulmonary embolisum. Keeping in view that all the patients who have undergone abdominal surgery are high risk patients of deep venous thrombosis, there is need for simple, safe and bedside non-invasive modality for screening such high risk patients. Impedance Plethysmography method enables detection of Deep Thrombosis in all such high risk patients which is simple, safe and non-invasive.