I need this done ASAP, You have to have SPSS Software on your computer. Please do not request to do the assignment if you don't have the software or if you do not have the understanding to get this assignment complete.
Assignment 2: Tests of Significance
Throughout this assignment you will review mock studies.
You will needs to follow the directions outlined in the section using SPSS and decide whether there is significance between the variables.
You will need to list the five steps of hypothesis testing (as covered in the lesson for Week 6) to see how
every
question should be formatted.
You will complete all of the problems.
Be sure to cut and past the appropriate test result boxes from SPSS under each problem and explain what you will do with your research hypotheses.
All calculations should be coming from your SPSS
.
You will need to submit the SPSS output file to get credit for this assignment.
This file will save as a .spv file and will need to be in a single file.
In other words, you are not allowed to submit more than one output file for this assignment.
The five steps of hypothesis testing when using SPSS are as follows:
State your research hypothesis (H
1
) and null hypothesis (H
0
).
Identify your significance level (.05 or .01)
Conduct your analysis using SPSS.
Look for the valid score for comparison.
This score is usually under ‘Sig 2-tail’ or ‘Sig. 2’.
We will call this “p”.
Compare the two and apply the following rule:
If “p” is < or = significance level, than you reject the null.
Be sure to explain to the reader what this means in regards to your study.
(Ex: will you recommend counseling services?)
* Be sure that your answers are clearly distinguishable.
Perhaps you bold your font or use a different color.
This assignment is due no later than Sunday of Week 6 by 11:55 pm ET.
Save the file in the following format: [your last name_SOCI332_A2].
The file must be a word file.
t Tests
t Test for a Single Sample (20 points)
Open SPSS
Enter the number of activities of daily living performed by the depressed clients studied in #1 in the Data View window.
In the Variable View window, change the variable name to “ADL” and set the decimals to zero.
Click Analyze
Compare Means
One-Sample T test
the arrow to move “ADL” to the Variable(s) window.
Enter the population mean (17) in the “Test Value” box.
Click OK.
Researches are interested in whether depressed people undergoing group therapy will perform a different number of activities of daily living after group therapy. The researchers have randomly selected 12 depressed clients to undergo a 6-week group therapy program.
Use the five steps of hypothesis testing to determine whether the average number of activities of daily living (shown below) obtained after therapy is significantly different from a mean number of activities of 17 that is typical for depressed people. (Clearly indicate each step).
Test the difference at the .05 level of significance a.
Assignment 2 Tests of SignificanceThroughout this assignmen.docxkarenahmanny4c
Assignment 2: Tests of Significance
Throughout this assignment you will review mock studies. You will needs to follow the directions outlined in the section using SPSS and decide whether there is significance between the variables. You will need to list the five steps of hypothesis testing (as covered in the lesson for Week 6) to see how
every
question should be formatted. You will complete all of the problems. Be sure to cut and past the appropriate test result boxes from SPSS under each problem and explain what you will do with your research hypotheses.
All calculations should be coming from your SPSS
. You will need to submit the SPSS output file to get credit for this assignment. This file will save as a .spv file and will need to be in a single file. In other words, you are not allowed to submit more than one output file for this assignment.
The five steps of hypothesis testing when using SPSS are as follows:
State your research hypothesis (H
1
) and null hypothesis (H
0
).
Identify your significance level (.05 or .01)
Conduct your analysis using SPSS.
Look for the valid score for comparison. This score is usually under ‘Sig 2-tail’ or ‘Sig. 2’. We will call this “p”.
Compare the two and apply the following rule:
If “p” is < or = significance level, than you reject the null.
Be sure to explain to the reader what this means in regards to your study. (Ex: will you recommend counseling services?)
* Be sure that your answers are clearly distinguishable. Perhaps you bold your font or use a different color.
This assignment is due no later than Sunday of Week 6 by 11:55 pm ET. Save the file in the following format: [your last name_SOCI332_A2]. The file must be a word file.
t Tests
t Test for a Single Sample (20 points)
Open SPSS
Enter the number of activities of daily living performed by the depressed clients studied in #1 in the Data View window.
In the Variable View window, change the variable name to “ADL” and set the decimals to zero.
Click Analyze
à
Compare Means
à
One-Sample T test
à
the arrow to move “ADL” to the Variable(s) window.
Enter the population mean (17) in the “Test Value” box.
Click OK.
1.
Researches are interested in whether depressed people undergoing group therapy will perform a different number of activities of daily living after group therapy. The researchers have randomly selected 12 depressed clients to undergo a 6-week group therapy program.
Use the five steps of hypothesis testing to determine whether the average number of activities of daily living (shown below) obtained after therapy is significantly different from a mean number of activities of 17 that is typical for depressed people. (Clearly indicate each step).
Test the difference at the .05 level of significance and at the .01 level (in SPSS this means you change the “confidence level” from 95% to 99%).
As part of Step 5, indicate whether the behavioral scientists should recommend group therapy for all depressed people based.
Assignment 2 Tests of SignificanceThroughout this assignment yo.docxrock73
Assignment 2: Tests of Significance
Throughout this assignment you will review mock studies. You will needs to follow the directions outlined in the section using SPSS and decide whether there is significance between the variables. You will need to list the five steps of hypothesis testing (as covered in the lesson for Week 6) to see how every question should be formatted. You will complete all of the problems. Be sure to cut and past the appropriate test result boxes from SPSS under each problem and explain what you will do with your research hypotheses. All calculations should be coming from your SPSS. You will need to submit the SPSS output file to get credit for this assignment. This file will save as a .spv file and will need to be in a single file. In other words, you are not allowed to submit more than one output file for this assignment.
The five steps of hypothesis testing when using SPSS are as follows:
1. State your research hypothesis (H1) and null hypothesis (H0).
2. Identify your confidence interval (.05 or .01)
3. Conduct your analysis using SPSS.
4. Look for the valid score for comparison. This score is usually under ‘Sig 2-tail’ or ‘Sig. 2’. We will call this “p”.
5. Compare the two and apply the following rule:
a. If “p” is < or = confidence interval, than you reject the null.
Be sure to explain to the reader what this means in regards to your study. (Ex: will you recommend counseling services?)
* Be sure that your answers are clearly distinguishable. Perhaps you bold your font or use a different color.
ASSIGNMENT 2(200) WORD MINIUM
1. They allow us to see if our relationship is "statistically significant". (Remember that this only shows us that there is or is not a relationship but does NOT show us if it is big, small, or in-between.)
2. It let's us know if our findings can be generalized to the population which our sample was selected from and represents.
This week you will decide which test of significance you will use for your project. For this class your choices for tests will include one of the following:
· Chi-square
· t Test
· ANOVA
We will be using a process for hypothesis testing which outlines five steps researchers can follow to complete this process:
1. Write your research hypothesis (H1) and your null hypothesis (H0).
2. Identify and record your confidence interval. These are usually .05 (95%) or .01 (99%).
3. Complete the test using SPSS.
4. Identify the number under Sig. (2-tail). This will be represented by "p".
5. Compare the numbers in steps 2 and 4 and apply the following rule:
1. If p < or = confidence interval, than you reject the null hypothesis
Determine what to do with your null and explain this to your reader. Be sure to go beyond the phrase "reject or fail to reject the null" and explain how that impacts your research and best describes the relationship between variables.
TEST QUESTIONS-NEED FULL ANSWERS
Q1
Make up and discuss research examples corresponding to the various ...
WEEK 6 – EXERCISES Enter your answers in the spaces pr.docxwendolynhalbert
WEEK 6 – EXERCISES
Enter your answers in the spaces provided. Save the file using your last name as the beginning of the file name (e.g., ruf_week6_exercises) and submit via “Assignments.” When appropriate,
show your work
. You can do the work by hand, scan/take a digital picture, and attach that file with your work.
1
.
A psychotherapist studied whether his clients self-disclosed more while sitting in an easy chair or lying down on a couch. All clients had previously agreed to allow the sessions to be videotaped for research purposes. The therapist randomly assigned 10 clients to each condition. The third session for each client was videotaped and an independent observer counted the clients’ disclosures. The therapist reported that “clients made more disclosures when sitting in easy chairs (
M
= 18.20) than when lying down on a couch (
M
= 14.31),
t
(18) = 2.84,
p
< .05, two-tailed.” Explain these results to a person who understands the
t
test for a single sample but knows nothing about the
t
test for independent means.
2.
A researcher compared the adjustment of adolescents who had been raised in homes that were either very structured or unstructured. Thirty adolescents from each type of family completed an adjustment inventory. The results are reported in the table below. Explain these results to a person who understands the
t
test for a single sample but knows nothing about the
t
test for independent means.
Means on Four Adjustment Scales for
Adolescents from Structured versus Unstructured Homes
Scale
Structured Homes
Unstructured Homes
t
Social Maturity
106.82
113.94
–1.07
School Adjustment
116.31
107.22
2.03*
Identity Development
89.48
94.32
1.93*
Intimacy Development
102.25
104.33
.32
______________________
*
p
< .05
3.
Do men with higher levels of a particular hormone show higher levels of assertiveness? Levels of this hormone were tested in 100 men. The top 10 and the bottom 10 were selected for the study. All participants took part in a laboratory simulation in which they were asked to role-play a person picking his car up from a mechanic’s shop. The simulation was videotaped and later judged by independent raters on each of four types of assertive statements made by the participant. The results are shown in the table below. Explain these results to a person who fully understands the
t
test for a single sample but knows nothing about the
t
test for independent means.
Mean Number of Assertive Statements
Type of Assertive Statement
Group
1
2
3
4
Men with High Levels
2.14
1.16
3.83
0.14
Men with Low Levels
1.21
1.32
2.33
0.38
t
3.81**
0.89
2.03*
0.58
______________________
*
p
< .05;
**
p
< 0.1
4.
A manager of a small store wanted to discourage shoplifters by putting signs around the store saying “Shoplifting is a crime!” However, he wanted to make sure this would not result in customers buying less. To test this, he displayed the signs every other W.
Week 5 Independent t Test ExercisesPart IThe hypothesis bein.docxcockekeshia
Week 5 Independent t Test Exercises
Part I
The hypothesis being tested is: Women who are working will have a lower level of depression as compared to women who are not working.
Using Polit2SetC SPSS dataset, which contains a number of mental health variables, determine if the above hypothesis is true.
Follow these steps when using SPSS:
Open Polit2SetC dataset.
Click Analyze then click Compare Means, then Independent Sample T-test.
Move the Dependent Variable (CES_D Score “cesd”) in the area labelled Test Variable.
Move the Independent Variable (Currently Employed “worknow”) into the area labelled Grouping Variable. The worknow variable is coded as (0= those women who do not work and 1= those women who are working). Click on Define Groups in group 1 box type 0 and in group 2 box type 1. Click Continue.
Click continue and then click OK.
Assignment: Through analysis of the data and use of the questions below write one to two paragraphs summarizing your findings from this t-test.
How many women were employed versus not employed in the sample?
What is the total sample size?
What are the mean (SD) CES-D scores for each group?
Interpret the Levene’s statistic. (Hint: Is the assumption of homogeneity of variance met? Are equal variances assumed or not assumed?)
What is the value of the t-statistic, number of degrees of freedom and the p-value?
Does the data support the hypothesis? Why or why not?
Part II
Hypothesis: Women who reported depression scores in wave 1 and wave 2 of the study did not have a significant difference in their level of depression.
Using Polit2SetC SPSS dataset, determine if the above hypothesis is true.
Follow these steps when using SPSS:
Open Polit2SetC dataset.
Click Analyze then click Compare Means, then Paired Samples T-test.
First click on CES-D Score (cesd) and move it into the box labelled Paired Variables (in the rectangle for Pair 1 of Variable 1 and then click on CESD Score, Wave 1 (cesdwav1) and move it into the Paired Variables box (in the rectangle next to CES-D Score, pair 1, variable 2).
Click continue and then click OK.
Assignment: Through analysis of the data and use of the questions below write one to two paragraphs summarizing your findings from this t-test.
What is the total sample size?
What are the mean (SD) CES-D scores at wave 1 and wave 2?
What is the mean difference between the two time periods?
What is the value of the t-statistic, number of degrees of freedom and the p-value(sig)?
Does the data support the hypothesis? Why or why not?
Part III
Using Polit2SetC dataset, run independent groups t-tests for three outcomes. The outcome variables are CES-D Score (cesd), SF12: Physical Health Component Score, standardized (sf12phys) and SF12: Mental Health Component Score, standardized (sf12ment).
Follow these steps when using SPSS:
Open Polit2SetC dataset.
Click Analyze then click Compare Means, then Independent Sample T-test.
Move the Dependent Variables (.
WEEK 7 – EXERCISES Enter your answers in the spaces pr.docxwendolynhalbert
WEEK 7 – EXERCISES
Enter your answers in the spaces provided. Save the file using your last name as the beginning of the file name (e.g., ruf_week6_exercises) and submit via “Assignments.” When appropriate,
show your work
. You can do the work by hand, scan/take a digital picture, and attach that file with your work.
A sports researcher gave a standard written test of eating habits to 12 randomly selected professionals, four each from baseball, football, and basketball. The results were as follows:
Eating Habits Scores
Baseball Players
Football Players
Basketball Players
34
27
35
18
28
44
21
67
47
65
42
61
Is there a difference in eating habits among professionals in the three sports? (Use the .05 significance level.)
a.
Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b.
Sketch the distribution involved.
c.
Determine effect size.
2.
To study the effectiveness of treatments for insomnia, a sleep researcher conducted a study with 12 participants.
Four participants were instructed to count sheep (Sheep Condition), four were told to concentrate on their breathing (Breathing Condition), and four were not given any special instructions. Over the next few days, measures were taken of how many minutes it took each participant to fall asleep. The average times for the participants in the Sheep Condition were 14, 28, 27, and 31; for those in the Breathing Condition, 25, 22, 17, and 14; and for those in the control condition, 45, 33, 30, and 41.
Do these results suggest that the different techniques have different effects?
(Use the .05 significance level.)
a.
Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b.
Sketch the distribution involved.
c.
Figure the effect size of the study.
d.
Explain your findings (including the logic of comparing within-group to between-group population variance estimates, how each of these is figured, and the
F
distribution).
High school juniors planning to attend college were randomly assigned to view one of four videos about a particular college, each differing according to what aspect of college life was emphasized: athletics, social life, scholarship, or artistic/cultural opportunities. After viewing the videos, the students took a test measuring their desire to attend this college. The results were as follows:
Desire to Attend this College
Athletics
Social Life
Scholarship
Art/Cultural
68
89
74
76
56
78
82
71
69
81
79
69
70
77
80
65
Do these results suggest that the type of activity emphasized in a college film affects desire to attend that college? (Use the .01 significance level.)
a.
Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b.
Sketch the distribution involved.
c.
Figure the effect size of the study.
d.
Explain the logic of what you have done to a person who is unfamiliar with the analysis of variance.
A team of psychologists designed a study in which 12 psychiatric patients diagnosed as having generalized anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to one of three new types of th.
WEEK 5 – EXERCISES Enter your answers in the spaces pr.docxpaynetawnya
WEEK 5 – EXERCISES
Enter your answers in the spaces provided. Save the file using your last name as the beginning of the file name (e.g., ruf_week5_exercises) and submit via “Assignments.” When appropriate,
show your work
. You can do the work by hand, scan/take a digital picture, and attach that file with your work.
For the following question(s): A school counselor tests the level of depression in fourth graders in a particular class of 20 students. The counselor wants to know whether the kind of students in this class differs from that of fourth graders in general at her school. On the test, a score of 10 indicates severe depression, while a score of 0 indicates no depression. From reports, she is able to find out about past testing. Fourth graders at her school usually score 5 on the scale, but the variation is not known. Her sample of 20 fifth graders has a mean depression score of 4.4. Use the .01 level of significance.
1.
The counselor calculates the unbiased estimate of the population’s variance to be 15. What is the variance of the distribution of means?
A)
15/20 = 0.75
B)
15/19 = 0.79
C)
15
2
/20 = 11.25
D)
15
2
/19 = 11.84
2.
Suppose the counselor tested the null hypothesis that fourth graders in this class were
less
depressed than those at the school generally. She figures her
t
score to be
-
.20. What decision should she make regarding the null hypothesis?
A)
Reject it
B)
Fail to reject it
C)
Postpone any decisions until a more conclusive study could be conducted
D)
There is not enough information given to make a decision
3.
Suppose the standard deviation she figures (the square root of the unbiased estimate of the population variance) is .85. What is the effect size?
A)
5/.85 = 5.88
B)
.85/5 = .17
C)
(5
-
4.4)/.85 = .71
D)
.85/(5
-
4.4) = 1.42
For the following question(s): Professor Juarez thinks the students in her statistics class this term are more creative than most students at this university. A previous study found that students at this university had a mean score of 35 on a standard creativity test. Professor Juarez finds that her class scores an average of 40 on this scale, with an estimated population standard deviation of 7. The standard deviation of the distribution of means comes out to 1.63.
4.
What is the
t
score?
A)
(40
-
35)/7 = .71
B)
(40
-
35)/1.63 = 3.07
C)
(40
-
35)/7
2
= 5/49 = .10
D)
(40
-
35)/1.63
2
= 5/2.66 = 1.88
5.
What effect size did Professor Juarez find?
A)
(40
-
35)/7 = .71
B)
(40
-
35)/1.63 = 3.07
C)
(40
-
35)/7
2
= 5/49 = .10
D)
(40
-
35)/1.63
2
= 5/2.66 = 1.88
6.
If Professor Juarez had 30 students in her class, and she wanted to test her hypothesis using the 5% level of significance, what cutoff
t
score would she use? (You should be able to figure this out without a table because only one answer is in the correct region.)
A)
304.11
B)
1.699.
CHAPTER 15PROBLEM 15.2For this problem, we will use the expe.docxbartholomeocoombs
CHAPTER 15
PROBLEM 15.2
For this problem, we will use the experiment presented in Chapter 15, Problem 25, p. 394 of the textbook. For convenience, the experiment is repeated here.
A university researcher knowledgeable in Chinese medicine conducted a study to determine whether acupuncture can help reduce cocaine addiction. In this experiment, 18 cocaine addicts were randomly assigned to one of three groups of 6 addicts per group. One group received 10 weeks of acupuncture treatment in which the acupuncture needles were inserted into points on the outer ear where stimulation is believed to be effective. Another group, a placebo group, had acupuncture needles inserted into points on the ear where stimulation is known not to be effective. The third group received no acupuncture treatment; instead, addicts in this group received relaxation therapy. All groups also received counseling over the 10-week treatment period. The dependent variable was craving for cocaine as measured by the number of cocaine urges experienced by each addict in the last week of treatment. The following are the results.
Acupuncture +
Counseling
Placebo +
Counseling
Relaxation +
Counseling
4
7
6
5
2
3
8
12
11
8
10
7
12
7
9
6
11
6
Use SPSS to do a one-way independent groups ANOVA on the data, with
a
= 0.05 to determine if at least one of the groups differs significantly from at least one of the other groups. Do a planned comparison between the Acupuncture + Counseling group and the Placebo + Counseling group, using
α
= 0.052 tail. If the one-way ANOVA yields significant results, do the Tukey HSD post hoc test to see which groups differ from each other, again using
α
= 0.052 tail.
If you choose to enter the data by typing it into the Data Editor, name the variables, “Group” and “Urges.” The saved data file for this problem is “Ch15prob2.”
See
Solution
Below.
SOLUTION
Step 1:
Enter and Name the Data.
As usual, you have three choices for entering the data: 1) by typing the scores directly into the Data Editor; 2) by downloading from the web the saved data file for this example, and 3) by opening the saved data file (for this example) that resides on your computer.
Entering the scores by typing them directly into the Data Editor. If you choose to type in the data, remember to name the grouping variable
Group
and the other variable
Urges
. If you have any questions, please follow the instructions in Illustrative Example 1 for Chapter 15, substituting the variables and scores for this problem.
Entering the scores by downloading from the web, the saved data file for this example. To enter the scores using this option,
click
here
, and then
click
Open
from the drop-down menu.
Entering the scores by opening the saved data file (for this example) that resides on your computer
.
If you choose to open the saved data file, the name of the file is
Ch15prob2
. To enter the data and name the variables for this problem,.
Assignment 2 Tests of SignificanceThroughout this assignmen.docxkarenahmanny4c
Assignment 2: Tests of Significance
Throughout this assignment you will review mock studies. You will needs to follow the directions outlined in the section using SPSS and decide whether there is significance between the variables. You will need to list the five steps of hypothesis testing (as covered in the lesson for Week 6) to see how
every
question should be formatted. You will complete all of the problems. Be sure to cut and past the appropriate test result boxes from SPSS under each problem and explain what you will do with your research hypotheses.
All calculations should be coming from your SPSS
. You will need to submit the SPSS output file to get credit for this assignment. This file will save as a .spv file and will need to be in a single file. In other words, you are not allowed to submit more than one output file for this assignment.
The five steps of hypothesis testing when using SPSS are as follows:
State your research hypothesis (H
1
) and null hypothesis (H
0
).
Identify your significance level (.05 or .01)
Conduct your analysis using SPSS.
Look for the valid score for comparison. This score is usually under ‘Sig 2-tail’ or ‘Sig. 2’. We will call this “p”.
Compare the two and apply the following rule:
If “p” is < or = significance level, than you reject the null.
Be sure to explain to the reader what this means in regards to your study. (Ex: will you recommend counseling services?)
* Be sure that your answers are clearly distinguishable. Perhaps you bold your font or use a different color.
This assignment is due no later than Sunday of Week 6 by 11:55 pm ET. Save the file in the following format: [your last name_SOCI332_A2]. The file must be a word file.
t Tests
t Test for a Single Sample (20 points)
Open SPSS
Enter the number of activities of daily living performed by the depressed clients studied in #1 in the Data View window.
In the Variable View window, change the variable name to “ADL” and set the decimals to zero.
Click Analyze
à
Compare Means
à
One-Sample T test
à
the arrow to move “ADL” to the Variable(s) window.
Enter the population mean (17) in the “Test Value” box.
Click OK.
1.
Researches are interested in whether depressed people undergoing group therapy will perform a different number of activities of daily living after group therapy. The researchers have randomly selected 12 depressed clients to undergo a 6-week group therapy program.
Use the five steps of hypothesis testing to determine whether the average number of activities of daily living (shown below) obtained after therapy is significantly different from a mean number of activities of 17 that is typical for depressed people. (Clearly indicate each step).
Test the difference at the .05 level of significance and at the .01 level (in SPSS this means you change the “confidence level” from 95% to 99%).
As part of Step 5, indicate whether the behavioral scientists should recommend group therapy for all depressed people based.
Assignment 2 Tests of SignificanceThroughout this assignment yo.docxrock73
Assignment 2: Tests of Significance
Throughout this assignment you will review mock studies. You will needs to follow the directions outlined in the section using SPSS and decide whether there is significance between the variables. You will need to list the five steps of hypothesis testing (as covered in the lesson for Week 6) to see how every question should be formatted. You will complete all of the problems. Be sure to cut and past the appropriate test result boxes from SPSS under each problem and explain what you will do with your research hypotheses. All calculations should be coming from your SPSS. You will need to submit the SPSS output file to get credit for this assignment. This file will save as a .spv file and will need to be in a single file. In other words, you are not allowed to submit more than one output file for this assignment.
The five steps of hypothesis testing when using SPSS are as follows:
1. State your research hypothesis (H1) and null hypothesis (H0).
2. Identify your confidence interval (.05 or .01)
3. Conduct your analysis using SPSS.
4. Look for the valid score for comparison. This score is usually under ‘Sig 2-tail’ or ‘Sig. 2’. We will call this “p”.
5. Compare the two and apply the following rule:
a. If “p” is < or = confidence interval, than you reject the null.
Be sure to explain to the reader what this means in regards to your study. (Ex: will you recommend counseling services?)
* Be sure that your answers are clearly distinguishable. Perhaps you bold your font or use a different color.
ASSIGNMENT 2(200) WORD MINIUM
1. They allow us to see if our relationship is "statistically significant". (Remember that this only shows us that there is or is not a relationship but does NOT show us if it is big, small, or in-between.)
2. It let's us know if our findings can be generalized to the population which our sample was selected from and represents.
This week you will decide which test of significance you will use for your project. For this class your choices for tests will include one of the following:
· Chi-square
· t Test
· ANOVA
We will be using a process for hypothesis testing which outlines five steps researchers can follow to complete this process:
1. Write your research hypothesis (H1) and your null hypothesis (H0).
2. Identify and record your confidence interval. These are usually .05 (95%) or .01 (99%).
3. Complete the test using SPSS.
4. Identify the number under Sig. (2-tail). This will be represented by "p".
5. Compare the numbers in steps 2 and 4 and apply the following rule:
1. If p < or = confidence interval, than you reject the null hypothesis
Determine what to do with your null and explain this to your reader. Be sure to go beyond the phrase "reject or fail to reject the null" and explain how that impacts your research and best describes the relationship between variables.
TEST QUESTIONS-NEED FULL ANSWERS
Q1
Make up and discuss research examples corresponding to the various ...
WEEK 6 – EXERCISES Enter your answers in the spaces pr.docxwendolynhalbert
WEEK 6 – EXERCISES
Enter your answers in the spaces provided. Save the file using your last name as the beginning of the file name (e.g., ruf_week6_exercises) and submit via “Assignments.” When appropriate,
show your work
. You can do the work by hand, scan/take a digital picture, and attach that file with your work.
1
.
A psychotherapist studied whether his clients self-disclosed more while sitting in an easy chair or lying down on a couch. All clients had previously agreed to allow the sessions to be videotaped for research purposes. The therapist randomly assigned 10 clients to each condition. The third session for each client was videotaped and an independent observer counted the clients’ disclosures. The therapist reported that “clients made more disclosures when sitting in easy chairs (
M
= 18.20) than when lying down on a couch (
M
= 14.31),
t
(18) = 2.84,
p
< .05, two-tailed.” Explain these results to a person who understands the
t
test for a single sample but knows nothing about the
t
test for independent means.
2.
A researcher compared the adjustment of adolescents who had been raised in homes that were either very structured or unstructured. Thirty adolescents from each type of family completed an adjustment inventory. The results are reported in the table below. Explain these results to a person who understands the
t
test for a single sample but knows nothing about the
t
test for independent means.
Means on Four Adjustment Scales for
Adolescents from Structured versus Unstructured Homes
Scale
Structured Homes
Unstructured Homes
t
Social Maturity
106.82
113.94
–1.07
School Adjustment
116.31
107.22
2.03*
Identity Development
89.48
94.32
1.93*
Intimacy Development
102.25
104.33
.32
______________________
*
p
< .05
3.
Do men with higher levels of a particular hormone show higher levels of assertiveness? Levels of this hormone were tested in 100 men. The top 10 and the bottom 10 were selected for the study. All participants took part in a laboratory simulation in which they were asked to role-play a person picking his car up from a mechanic’s shop. The simulation was videotaped and later judged by independent raters on each of four types of assertive statements made by the participant. The results are shown in the table below. Explain these results to a person who fully understands the
t
test for a single sample but knows nothing about the
t
test for independent means.
Mean Number of Assertive Statements
Type of Assertive Statement
Group
1
2
3
4
Men with High Levels
2.14
1.16
3.83
0.14
Men with Low Levels
1.21
1.32
2.33
0.38
t
3.81**
0.89
2.03*
0.58
______________________
*
p
< .05;
**
p
< 0.1
4.
A manager of a small store wanted to discourage shoplifters by putting signs around the store saying “Shoplifting is a crime!” However, he wanted to make sure this would not result in customers buying less. To test this, he displayed the signs every other W.
Week 5 Independent t Test ExercisesPart IThe hypothesis bein.docxcockekeshia
Week 5 Independent t Test Exercises
Part I
The hypothesis being tested is: Women who are working will have a lower level of depression as compared to women who are not working.
Using Polit2SetC SPSS dataset, which contains a number of mental health variables, determine if the above hypothesis is true.
Follow these steps when using SPSS:
Open Polit2SetC dataset.
Click Analyze then click Compare Means, then Independent Sample T-test.
Move the Dependent Variable (CES_D Score “cesd”) in the area labelled Test Variable.
Move the Independent Variable (Currently Employed “worknow”) into the area labelled Grouping Variable. The worknow variable is coded as (0= those women who do not work and 1= those women who are working). Click on Define Groups in group 1 box type 0 and in group 2 box type 1. Click Continue.
Click continue and then click OK.
Assignment: Through analysis of the data and use of the questions below write one to two paragraphs summarizing your findings from this t-test.
How many women were employed versus not employed in the sample?
What is the total sample size?
What are the mean (SD) CES-D scores for each group?
Interpret the Levene’s statistic. (Hint: Is the assumption of homogeneity of variance met? Are equal variances assumed or not assumed?)
What is the value of the t-statistic, number of degrees of freedom and the p-value?
Does the data support the hypothesis? Why or why not?
Part II
Hypothesis: Women who reported depression scores in wave 1 and wave 2 of the study did not have a significant difference in their level of depression.
Using Polit2SetC SPSS dataset, determine if the above hypothesis is true.
Follow these steps when using SPSS:
Open Polit2SetC dataset.
Click Analyze then click Compare Means, then Paired Samples T-test.
First click on CES-D Score (cesd) and move it into the box labelled Paired Variables (in the rectangle for Pair 1 of Variable 1 and then click on CESD Score, Wave 1 (cesdwav1) and move it into the Paired Variables box (in the rectangle next to CES-D Score, pair 1, variable 2).
Click continue and then click OK.
Assignment: Through analysis of the data and use of the questions below write one to two paragraphs summarizing your findings from this t-test.
What is the total sample size?
What are the mean (SD) CES-D scores at wave 1 and wave 2?
What is the mean difference between the two time periods?
What is the value of the t-statistic, number of degrees of freedom and the p-value(sig)?
Does the data support the hypothesis? Why or why not?
Part III
Using Polit2SetC dataset, run independent groups t-tests for three outcomes. The outcome variables are CES-D Score (cesd), SF12: Physical Health Component Score, standardized (sf12phys) and SF12: Mental Health Component Score, standardized (sf12ment).
Follow these steps when using SPSS:
Open Polit2SetC dataset.
Click Analyze then click Compare Means, then Independent Sample T-test.
Move the Dependent Variables (.
WEEK 7 – EXERCISES Enter your answers in the spaces pr.docxwendolynhalbert
WEEK 7 – EXERCISES
Enter your answers in the spaces provided. Save the file using your last name as the beginning of the file name (e.g., ruf_week6_exercises) and submit via “Assignments.” When appropriate,
show your work
. You can do the work by hand, scan/take a digital picture, and attach that file with your work.
A sports researcher gave a standard written test of eating habits to 12 randomly selected professionals, four each from baseball, football, and basketball. The results were as follows:
Eating Habits Scores
Baseball Players
Football Players
Basketball Players
34
27
35
18
28
44
21
67
47
65
42
61
Is there a difference in eating habits among professionals in the three sports? (Use the .05 significance level.)
a.
Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b.
Sketch the distribution involved.
c.
Determine effect size.
2.
To study the effectiveness of treatments for insomnia, a sleep researcher conducted a study with 12 participants.
Four participants were instructed to count sheep (Sheep Condition), four were told to concentrate on their breathing (Breathing Condition), and four were not given any special instructions. Over the next few days, measures were taken of how many minutes it took each participant to fall asleep. The average times for the participants in the Sheep Condition were 14, 28, 27, and 31; for those in the Breathing Condition, 25, 22, 17, and 14; and for those in the control condition, 45, 33, 30, and 41.
Do these results suggest that the different techniques have different effects?
(Use the .05 significance level.)
a.
Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b.
Sketch the distribution involved.
c.
Figure the effect size of the study.
d.
Explain your findings (including the logic of comparing within-group to between-group population variance estimates, how each of these is figured, and the
F
distribution).
High school juniors planning to attend college were randomly assigned to view one of four videos about a particular college, each differing according to what aspect of college life was emphasized: athletics, social life, scholarship, or artistic/cultural opportunities. After viewing the videos, the students took a test measuring their desire to attend this college. The results were as follows:
Desire to Attend this College
Athletics
Social Life
Scholarship
Art/Cultural
68
89
74
76
56
78
82
71
69
81
79
69
70
77
80
65
Do these results suggest that the type of activity emphasized in a college film affects desire to attend that college? (Use the .01 significance level.)
a.
Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b.
Sketch the distribution involved.
c.
Figure the effect size of the study.
d.
Explain the logic of what you have done to a person who is unfamiliar with the analysis of variance.
A team of psychologists designed a study in which 12 psychiatric patients diagnosed as having generalized anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to one of three new types of th.
WEEK 5 – EXERCISES Enter your answers in the spaces pr.docxpaynetawnya
WEEK 5 – EXERCISES
Enter your answers in the spaces provided. Save the file using your last name as the beginning of the file name (e.g., ruf_week5_exercises) and submit via “Assignments.” When appropriate,
show your work
. You can do the work by hand, scan/take a digital picture, and attach that file with your work.
For the following question(s): A school counselor tests the level of depression in fourth graders in a particular class of 20 students. The counselor wants to know whether the kind of students in this class differs from that of fourth graders in general at her school. On the test, a score of 10 indicates severe depression, while a score of 0 indicates no depression. From reports, she is able to find out about past testing. Fourth graders at her school usually score 5 on the scale, but the variation is not known. Her sample of 20 fifth graders has a mean depression score of 4.4. Use the .01 level of significance.
1.
The counselor calculates the unbiased estimate of the population’s variance to be 15. What is the variance of the distribution of means?
A)
15/20 = 0.75
B)
15/19 = 0.79
C)
15
2
/20 = 11.25
D)
15
2
/19 = 11.84
2.
Suppose the counselor tested the null hypothesis that fourth graders in this class were
less
depressed than those at the school generally. She figures her
t
score to be
-
.20. What decision should she make regarding the null hypothesis?
A)
Reject it
B)
Fail to reject it
C)
Postpone any decisions until a more conclusive study could be conducted
D)
There is not enough information given to make a decision
3.
Suppose the standard deviation she figures (the square root of the unbiased estimate of the population variance) is .85. What is the effect size?
A)
5/.85 = 5.88
B)
.85/5 = .17
C)
(5
-
4.4)/.85 = .71
D)
.85/(5
-
4.4) = 1.42
For the following question(s): Professor Juarez thinks the students in her statistics class this term are more creative than most students at this university. A previous study found that students at this university had a mean score of 35 on a standard creativity test. Professor Juarez finds that her class scores an average of 40 on this scale, with an estimated population standard deviation of 7. The standard deviation of the distribution of means comes out to 1.63.
4.
What is the
t
score?
A)
(40
-
35)/7 = .71
B)
(40
-
35)/1.63 = 3.07
C)
(40
-
35)/7
2
= 5/49 = .10
D)
(40
-
35)/1.63
2
= 5/2.66 = 1.88
5.
What effect size did Professor Juarez find?
A)
(40
-
35)/7 = .71
B)
(40
-
35)/1.63 = 3.07
C)
(40
-
35)/7
2
= 5/49 = .10
D)
(40
-
35)/1.63
2
= 5/2.66 = 1.88
6.
If Professor Juarez had 30 students in her class, and she wanted to test her hypothesis using the 5% level of significance, what cutoff
t
score would she use? (You should be able to figure this out without a table because only one answer is in the correct region.)
A)
304.11
B)
1.699.
CHAPTER 15PROBLEM 15.2For this problem, we will use the expe.docxbartholomeocoombs
CHAPTER 15
PROBLEM 15.2
For this problem, we will use the experiment presented in Chapter 15, Problem 25, p. 394 of the textbook. For convenience, the experiment is repeated here.
A university researcher knowledgeable in Chinese medicine conducted a study to determine whether acupuncture can help reduce cocaine addiction. In this experiment, 18 cocaine addicts were randomly assigned to one of three groups of 6 addicts per group. One group received 10 weeks of acupuncture treatment in which the acupuncture needles were inserted into points on the outer ear where stimulation is believed to be effective. Another group, a placebo group, had acupuncture needles inserted into points on the ear where stimulation is known not to be effective. The third group received no acupuncture treatment; instead, addicts in this group received relaxation therapy. All groups also received counseling over the 10-week treatment period. The dependent variable was craving for cocaine as measured by the number of cocaine urges experienced by each addict in the last week of treatment. The following are the results.
Acupuncture +
Counseling
Placebo +
Counseling
Relaxation +
Counseling
4
7
6
5
2
3
8
12
11
8
10
7
12
7
9
6
11
6
Use SPSS to do a one-way independent groups ANOVA on the data, with
a
= 0.05 to determine if at least one of the groups differs significantly from at least one of the other groups. Do a planned comparison between the Acupuncture + Counseling group and the Placebo + Counseling group, using
α
= 0.052 tail. If the one-way ANOVA yields significant results, do the Tukey HSD post hoc test to see which groups differ from each other, again using
α
= 0.052 tail.
If you choose to enter the data by typing it into the Data Editor, name the variables, “Group” and “Urges.” The saved data file for this problem is “Ch15prob2.”
See
Solution
Below.
SOLUTION
Step 1:
Enter and Name the Data.
As usual, you have three choices for entering the data: 1) by typing the scores directly into the Data Editor; 2) by downloading from the web the saved data file for this example, and 3) by opening the saved data file (for this example) that resides on your computer.
Entering the scores by typing them directly into the Data Editor. If you choose to type in the data, remember to name the grouping variable
Group
and the other variable
Urges
. If you have any questions, please follow the instructions in Illustrative Example 1 for Chapter 15, substituting the variables and scores for this problem.
Entering the scores by downloading from the web, the saved data file for this example. To enter the scores using this option,
click
here
, and then
click
Open
from the drop-down menu.
Entering the scores by opening the saved data file (for this example) that resides on your computer
.
If you choose to open the saved data file, the name of the file is
Ch15prob2
. To enter the data and name the variables for this problem,.
Exam 1 Psych 355
3. A p level of 0.05 corresponds to a confidence level of __________%
4. In a within-groups design where one group is measured twice over time, the appropriate hypothesis test is an:
7. Why do we divide by N-1 rather than by N when estimating a population standard deviation from the sample standard deviation?
8. The paired-samples t test has three assumptions, including all but:
9. We have learned three t tests, including all of the following except
Exam 1 Psych 355
3. A p level of 0.05 corresponds to a confidence level of __________%
4. In a within-groups design where one group is measured twice over time, the appropriate hypothesis test is an:
7. Why do we divide by N-1 rather than by N when estimating a population standard deviation from the sample standard deviation?
8. The paired-samples t test has three assumptions, including all but:
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Exam 1 Psych 355
3. A p level of 0.05 corresponds to a confidence level of __________%
4. In a within-groups design where one group is measured twice over time, the appropriate hypothesis test is an:
7. Why do we divide by N-1 rather than by N when estimating a population standard deviation from the sample standard deviation?
8. The paired-samples t test has three assumptions, including all
Psyc 355 Effective Communication / snaptutorial.comHarrisGeorg39
Exam 1 Psych 355
3. A p level of 0.05 corresponds to a confidence level of __________%
4. In a within-groups design where one group is measured twice over time, the appropriate hypothesis test is an:
WEEK 8 – EXERCISESEnter your answers in the spaces pro.docxwendolynhalbert
WEEK 8 – EXERCISES
Enter your answers in the spaces provided. Save the file using your last name as the beginning of the file name (e.g., ruf_week8_exercises) and submit via “Assignments.” When appropriate,
show your work
. You can do the work by hand, scan/take a digital picture, and attach that file with your work.
1.
A researcher plans a study in which a crucial step is offering participants a food reward. It is important that the three food rewards be equal in appeal. Thus, a prestudy was designed in which participants were asked which of the rewards they preferred. Of the 60 participants, 16 preferred cupcakes, 26 preferred candy bars, and 18 favored dried apricots. Do these scores suggest that the different foods are differentially preferred by people in general? (Use the .05 significance level.)
a.Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b.Sketch the distribution involved.
c.Explain your findings.
2.
A high school principal wanted to know if the racial makeup of her teachers mirrored that of the student body. The student body broke down into 47% White, 28% Latino, 15% African American, and 10% other. Of the 65 teachers, 42 were White, 4 were Latino, 15 were African American, and 4 were Other. Do these results suggest that the racial makeup of the faculty members is different from that of the students? (Use the .05 significance level.)
Use the five steps of hypothesis testing and explain your findings.
3.
Please make up and discuss research examples corresponding to the various techniques introduced throughout this course. Describe a plausible study for each of the following statistical procedures, indicating how it would apply and what results you would predict. Also include information about the number of participants you would assess and how you would go about estimating effect size and statistical power (when relevant).
a.correlation
b.multiple regression
c.
t
test for independent means
d.
t
test for dependent means
e.ANOVA
f.chi square for goodness of fit
g.chi-square test for independence
SPSS ASSIGNMENT #8
Chi-Square
SPSS instructions:
Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit:
Open SPSS
Remember that SPSS assumes that all the scores in a row are from the same participant. In the study presented in #1, there are 20 students, some of whom have been suspended for misbehavior. The primary conflict-resolution style used by each student is also entered. [Ignore the first variable in this analysis.]
When you have entered the data for all 20 students, move to the Variable View window and change the first variable name to “SUSPEND” and the second to “STYLE”. Set the number of decimals for both variables to zero.
Click Analyze
à
Non-Parametric Tests
à
Chi-Square
Click the variable “STYLE” and then the arrow next to the box labeled “Test Variable List” to indicate that the chi-square for goodness of fit should be conducted on the conflict-resolution style variable.
N.
For more course tutorials visit
www.tutorialrank.com
Exam 1 Psych 355
3. A p level of 0.05 corresponds to a confidence level of __________%
4. In a within-groups design where one group is measured twice over time, the appropriate hypothesis test is an:
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Exam 1 Psych 355
3. A p level of 0.05 corresponds to a confidence level of __________%
4. In a within-groups design where one group is measured twice over time, the appropriate hypothesis test is an:
7. Why do we divide by N-1 rather than by N when estimating a population standard deviation from the sample standard deviation?
Psyc 355 Effective Communication - tutorialrank.comBartholomew88
For more course tutorials visit
www.tutorialrank.com
Exam 1 Psych 355
3. A p level of 0.05 corresponds to a confidence level of __________%
4. In a within-groups design where one group is measured twice over time, the appropriate hypothesis test is an:
7. Why do we divide by N-1 rather than by N when estimating a population standard deviation from the
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Exam 1 Psych 355
3. A p level of 0.05 corresponds to a confidence level of __________%
4. In a within-groups design where one group is measured twice over time, the appropriate hypothesis test is an:
7. Why do we divide by N-1 rather than by N when estimating a population standard deviation from the sample standard deviation?
Assessment 3 – Hypothesis, Effect Size, Power, and t Tests.docxcargillfilberto
Assessment 3 – Hypothesis, Effect Size, Power, and
t
Tests
Complete the following problems within this Word document. Do not submit other files. Show your work for problem sets that require calculations. Ensure that your answer to each problem is clearly visible. You may want to highlight your answer or use a different type color to set it apart.
Hypothesis, Effect Size, and Power
Problem Set 3.1: Sampling Distribution of the Mean Exercise
Criterion:
Interpret population mean and variance.
Instructions:
Read the information below and answer the questions.
Suppose a researcher wants to learn more about the mean attention span of individuals in some hypothetical population. The researcher cites that the attention span (the time in minutes attending to some task) in this population is normally distributed with the following characteristics: 20
36
. Based on the parameters given in this example, answer the following questions:
1. What is the population mean (μ)? __________________________
2. What is the population variance
? __________________________
3. Sketch the distribution of this population. Make sure you draw the shape of the distribution and label the mean plus and minus three standard deviations.
Problem Set 3.2: Effect Size and Power
Criterion:
Explain effect size and power.
Instructions:
Read each of the following three scenarios and answer the questions.
Two researchers make a test concerning the effectiveness of a drug use treatment. Researcher A determines that the effect size in the population of males is
d
= 0.36; Researcher B determines that the effect size in the population of females is
d
= 0.20. All other things being equal, which researcher has more power to detect an effect? Explain. ______________________________________________________________________
Two researchers make a test concerning the levels of marital satisfaction among military families. Researcher A collects a sample of 22 married couples (
n
= 22); Researcher B collects a sample of 40 married couples (
n
= 40). All other things being equal, which researcher has more power to detect an effect? Explain. ______________________________________________________________________
Two researchers make a test concerning standardized exam performance among senior high school students in one of two local communities. Researcher A tests performance from the population in the northern community, where the standard deviation of test scores is 110 (
); Researcher B tests performance from the population in the southern community, where the standard deviation of test scores is 60 (
). All other things being equal, which researcher has more power to detect an effect? Explain. ______________________________________________________________________
Problem Set 3.3: Hypothesis, Direction, and Population Mean
Criterion:
Explain the relationship between hypothesis, tests, and population mean.
Instructions:
Read the following and answer the questions.
How do I do a T test, correlation and ANOVA in SpssSolution .pdfamitseesldh
How do I do a T test, correlation and ANOVA in Spss?
Solution
One-way between-subjects ANOVA A one-way between-subjects ANOVA allows
you to determine if there is a relationship between a categorical independent variable (IV) and a
continuous dependent variable (DV), where each subject is only in one level of the IV. To
determine whether there is a relationship between the IV and the DV, a one-way between-
subjects ANOVA tests whether the means of all of the groups are the same. If there are any
differences among the means, we know that the value of the DV depends on the value of the IV.
The IV in an ANOVA is referred to as a factor, and the different groups composing the IV are
referred to as the levels of the factor. A one-way ANOVA is also sometimes called a single
factor ANOVA. A one-way ANOVA with two groups is analogous to an independent-samples t-
test. The pvalues of the two tests will be the same, and the F statistic from the ANOVA will be
equal to the square of the t statistic from the t-test. To perform a one-way between-subjects
ANOVA in SPSS • Choose Analyze General Linear Model Univariate. • Move the DV to the
Dependent Variable box. • Move the IV to the Fixed Factor(s) box. • Click the OK button. The
output from this analysis will contain the following sections. • Between-Subjects Factors. Lists
how many subjects are in each level of your factor. • Tests of Between-Subjects Effects. The row
next to the name of your factor reports a test of whether there is a significant relationship
between your IV and the DV. A significant F statistic means that at least two group means are
different from each other, indicating the presence of a relationship. You can ask SPSS to provide
you with the means within each level of your between-subjects factor by clicking the Options
button in the variable selection window and moving your withinsubjects variable to the Display
Means For box. This will add a section to your output titled Estimated Marginal Means
containing a table with a row for each level of your factor. The values within each row provide
the mean, standard error of the mean, and the boundaries for a 95% confidence interval around
the mean for observations within that cell. Post-hoc analyses for one-way between-subjects
ANOVA. A significant F statistic tells you that at least two of your means are different from
each other, but does not tell you where the differences may lie. Researchers commonly perform
post-hoc analyses following a significant ANOVA to help them understand the nature of the
relationship between the IV and the DV. The most commonly reported post-hoc tests are (in
order from most to least liberal): LSD (Least Significant Difference test), SNK (Student-
Newman-Keuls), Tukey, and Bonferroni. The more liberal a test is, the more likely it will find a
significant difference between your means, but the more likely it is that this difference is actually
just due to chance. 14 Although it is the most liberal, simulations ha.
Calculating Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Analyses Follo.docxaman341480
Calculating Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Analyses Following ANOVA
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
is a statistical procedure that compares data between two or more groups or conditions to investigate the presence of differences between those groups on some continuous dependent variable (see
Exercise 18
). In this exercise, we will focus on the
one-way ANOVA
, which involves testing one independent variable and one dependent variable (as opposed to other types of ANOVAs, such as factorial ANOVAs that incorporate multiple independent variables).
Why ANOVA and not a
t
-test? Remember that a
t
-test is formulated to compare two sets of data or two groups at one time (see
Exercise 23
for guidance on selecting appropriate statistics). Thus, data generated from a clinical trial that involves four experimental groups, Treatment 1, Treatment 2, Treatments 1 and 2 combined, and a Control, would require 6
t
-tests. Consequently, the chance of making a Type I error (alpha error) increases substantially (or is inflated) because so many computations are being performed. Specifically, the chance of making a Type I error is the number of comparisons multiplied by the alpha level. Thus, ANOVA is the recommended statistical technique for examining differences between more than two groups (
Zar, 2010
).
ANOVA is a procedure that culminates in a statistic called the
F
statistic. It is this value that is compared against an
F
distribution (see
Appendix C
) in order to determine whether the groups significantly differ from one another on the dependent variable. The formulas for ANOVA actually compute two estimates of variance: One estimate represents differences between the groups/conditions, and the other estimate represents differences among (within) the data.
Research Designs Appropriate for the One-Way ANOVA
Research designs that may utilize the one-way ANOVA include the randomized experimental, quasi-experimental, and comparative designs (
Gliner, Morgan, & Leech, 2009
). The independent variable (the “grouping” variable for the ANOVA) may be active or attributional. An active independent variable refers to an intervention, treatment, or program. An attributional independent variable refers to a characteristic of the participant, such as gender, diagnosis, or ethnicity. The ANOVA can compare two groups or more. In the case of a two-group design, the researcher can either select an independent samples
t
-test or a one-way ANOVA to answer the research question. The results will always yield the same conclusion, regardless of which test is computed; however, when examining differences between more than two groups, the one-way ANOVA is the preferred statistical test.
Example 1: A researcher conducts a randomized experimental study wherein she randomizes participants to receive a high-dosage weight loss pill, a low-dosage weight loss pill, or a placebo. She assesses the number of pounds lost from baseline to post-treatment
378
for the thre ...
Chapter 18 – Pricing Setting in the Business WorldThere are few .docxrobert345678
Chapter 18 – Pricing Setting in the Business World
There are few Methods for setting pricing – costs methods vs demand methods
Formulas considering costs and mark up will help you to do the Problem set assignment:
1. Markup for setting prices (Mark up $ = SP-CP); MARK UP % = (MU $/SP) X100)
Formula for setting price with the markup method
SP = Cost/(1- Markup %)
Example - retailer buys A hat for $15 and wants a 40% markup, his selling price would be….
SP = 15/(1-.40)=.60
= $25.00
2. Understand Role of different costs – fixed, variable, total costs and average costs
3. What is the breakeven point? Formula for calculating the Break Even point.
BE = Total Fixed Cost/Fixed cost contribution
Fixed Cost Contribution=Price – variable cost
4. Average Cost = when there are many flavors/types of the same product, producer determines average cost and then add the mark up to set a common selling price.
.ANOVA
Analysis of Variance is a method of testing the equality of three or more population
means by analyzing sample variance.
One-Way ANOVA
The one-way ANOVA is used to compare three or more population means when there is
one factor of interest.
Requirements
The populations have distributions that are approximately normal.
The populations have the same variance.
The samples are simple random samples of quantitative data.
The samples are independent of each other.
The different samples are from populations that are categorized in only one.
way
One-Way ANOVA is a hypothesis test. There are seven steps for a hypothesis test.
Example
A professor at a local University believes there is a relationship between head size and
the major of the students in her biostatistics classes. She takes a random sample of 20
students from each of three classes and records their major and head circumference.
The data are shown in the following table.
Step 1: State the null hypothesis.
Mean 1 equals mean 2 equals mean 3 equals mean 4.
Step 2: State the Alternative hypothesis.
At least one mean is different.
Step 3: State the Level of Significance.
The level of significance is 0.05.
Step 4: State the test statistic.
variance between samples
variance within samples
F
The test statistic follows the F distribution which has two degrees of freedom, one for
the numerator and one for the denominator.
The calculations for the test statistic are complicated, so a software program is
generally used for the calculations. We will be using Microsoft Excel for this example.
Step 5: Calculate
The calculations are done in Microsoft Excel using the data analysis toolpak. Enter the
data into the spread sheet as shown here. Click on data and the data analysis tookpak
button is on the right.
When you click on the button a dialogue box appears.
Choose ANOVA One Factor. Then another dialogue box appears.
Input range is where the data is in the table. Be sure to put a check in the box for labels
in.
I ONLY Need An Introduction and a Partial Conclution!!!T.docxanthonybrooks84958
**I ONLY Need An Introduction and a Partial Conclution!!!**
The “Sources of Competitive Advantage” image above shows the focus of competitive advantage for seven companies:
Toyota focuses on quality as its competitive advantage.
IBM focuses on service as its competitive advantage.
Wal-Mart focuses on low cost as its competitive advantage.
Coca-Cola focuses on its proprietary products as its competitive advantage.
Apple focuses on innovation as its competitive advantage.
Nike focuses on brand recognition as its competitive advantage.
Nintendo focuses on value as its competitive advantage.
Slide 1: Include title of the team PowerPoint, course name and number, instructor’s name, date submitted, and names of team members.
Slide 2: As a team, select a company from the list of organizations listed above that integrates information systems to support its business strategies. Describe the business mission and goals of your chosen organization.
Slide(s) 3-4: As a team, describe how information systems create competitive advantages for your chosen organization. Analyze and identify the types and functions of systems used in the organization.
Slide 5: What different types of data make up “big data” for your chosen company? Describe the big data (what it is and how it is used). Big is a term that describes extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations. Examples of big data may include data in a company’s customer service department used to solve customer problems or a company’s use of stock market or competitive intelligence data to predict the future (Hint: You can find examples of big data used by the organization by reviewing data reports on the “Investors” or “Our Investors” tab of the organization’s website). Justify your answers.
Slide 6: Conclusion
Slide 7: Reference list
.
I need Paper outline and source is due. the source is attached f.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need
Paper outline and source is due.
the source is attached follow the sources that attached and add to them new sources taht belong to the same topic but try to fin sources from anothre musilm country like Trukey or Bakastan, Saudi Arabia.
My sources
My Topic: Rights of Women in Child Custody
SOURCES:
(1) Epstein, Rona. "Mothers in Prison: The Rights of the Child." Criminal Justice Matters 86.1 (2011): 12-13. Print.
Of the 11,044 women who entered prison in the UK in 2009, about half were on remand, spending an average of four to six weeks in prison. Following trial, 61 per cent of women sentenced to custody received sentences of six months or less (Prison Reform Trust, 2010). In the same year, 3,000 women were sentenced to custody for three months or less, of whom 176 were sentenced to ten days or less. This suggests that a significant number of women are imprisoned for relatively minor offences. Many are mothers of dependent children.
(2) Morgan, Robin. "Women of the Arab Spring." Ms 21.2 (2011): 20-22. Print.
After independence from France in 1956, the government abolished polygamy and legislated women's equality in marriage, divorce and child custody. [...] Khadija Cherif, former head of the Tunisian Association of Democratic Women, guarantees women will continue to defend separation of mosque and state, saying, "The force of the Tunisian feminist movement is that we've never separated it from the fight for democracy and a secular society." Soon, unsung protest coordinator Amai Sharaf - a 36-year-old English teacher, single mother and member of the organizers' April 6 Youth Movement - was spending days and nights in the movement's tiny office, smoking furiously and overseeing a crew of
men
(3) Fransson, Emma, et al. "Why Should They Live More with One of Us When
They Are Children to Us Both?: Parents' Motives for Practicing Equal Joint Physical Custody for Children Aged 0-4." Children and Youth Services Review 66 (2016): 154-160. Print.
Joint physical custody, i.e., children spending an equal amount of time in both parents' home after a separation or divorce, is increasing in many countries. In line with the national policy to promote paternal involvement in parenting, two-thirds of Swedish preschoolers with non-cohabiting parents live in two homes. Internationally, there has been a debate regarding the benefits or risks with joint physical custody for infants and toddlers. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the reasons given by divorced parents for sharing joint physical custody of children 0-4years of age. Interviews were conducted with 46 parents (18 fathers and 28 mothers) and analyzed using systematic text condensation. Two themes emerged in response to the research question. In the theme Same rights and responsibilities, parents described that joint physical custody was ‘a given’ as both parents were seen to have equal rights to and responsibility for the children. Both men and women described
involved fath.
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Exam 1 Psych 355
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Psyc 355 Effective Communication / snaptutorial.comHarrisGeorg39
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WEEK 8 – EXERCISESEnter your answers in the spaces pro.docxwendolynhalbert
WEEK 8 – EXERCISES
Enter your answers in the spaces provided. Save the file using your last name as the beginning of the file name (e.g., ruf_week8_exercises) and submit via “Assignments.” When appropriate,
show your work
. You can do the work by hand, scan/take a digital picture, and attach that file with your work.
1.
A researcher plans a study in which a crucial step is offering participants a food reward. It is important that the three food rewards be equal in appeal. Thus, a prestudy was designed in which participants were asked which of the rewards they preferred. Of the 60 participants, 16 preferred cupcakes, 26 preferred candy bars, and 18 favored dried apricots. Do these scores suggest that the different foods are differentially preferred by people in general? (Use the .05 significance level.)
a.Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b.Sketch the distribution involved.
c.Explain your findings.
2.
A high school principal wanted to know if the racial makeup of her teachers mirrored that of the student body. The student body broke down into 47% White, 28% Latino, 15% African American, and 10% other. Of the 65 teachers, 42 were White, 4 were Latino, 15 were African American, and 4 were Other. Do these results suggest that the racial makeup of the faculty members is different from that of the students? (Use the .05 significance level.)
Use the five steps of hypothesis testing and explain your findings.
3.
Please make up and discuss research examples corresponding to the various techniques introduced throughout this course. Describe a plausible study for each of the following statistical procedures, indicating how it would apply and what results you would predict. Also include information about the number of participants you would assess and how you would go about estimating effect size and statistical power (when relevant).
a.correlation
b.multiple regression
c.
t
test for independent means
d.
t
test for dependent means
e.ANOVA
f.chi square for goodness of fit
g.chi-square test for independence
SPSS ASSIGNMENT #8
Chi-Square
SPSS instructions:
Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit:
Open SPSS
Remember that SPSS assumes that all the scores in a row are from the same participant. In the study presented in #1, there are 20 students, some of whom have been suspended for misbehavior. The primary conflict-resolution style used by each student is also entered. [Ignore the first variable in this analysis.]
When you have entered the data for all 20 students, move to the Variable View window and change the first variable name to “SUSPEND” and the second to “STYLE”. Set the number of decimals for both variables to zero.
Click Analyze
à
Non-Parametric Tests
à
Chi-Square
Click the variable “STYLE” and then the arrow next to the box labeled “Test Variable List” to indicate that the chi-square for goodness of fit should be conducted on the conflict-resolution style variable.
N.
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Exam 1 Psych 355
3. A p level of 0.05 corresponds to a confidence level of __________%
4. In a within-groups design where one group is measured twice over time, the appropriate hypothesis test is an:
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3. A p level of 0.05 corresponds to a confidence level of __________%
4. In a within-groups design where one group is measured twice over time, the appropriate hypothesis test is an:
7. Why do we divide by N-1 rather than by N when estimating a population standard deviation from the sample standard deviation?
Psyc 355 Effective Communication - tutorialrank.comBartholomew88
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7. Why do we divide by N-1 rather than by N when estimating a population standard deviation from the
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3. A p level of 0.05 corresponds to a confidence level of __________%
4. In a within-groups design where one group is measured twice over time, the appropriate hypothesis test is an:
7. Why do we divide by N-1 rather than by N when estimating a population standard deviation from the sample standard deviation?
Assessment 3 – Hypothesis, Effect Size, Power, and t Tests.docxcargillfilberto
Assessment 3 – Hypothesis, Effect Size, Power, and
t
Tests
Complete the following problems within this Word document. Do not submit other files. Show your work for problem sets that require calculations. Ensure that your answer to each problem is clearly visible. You may want to highlight your answer or use a different type color to set it apart.
Hypothesis, Effect Size, and Power
Problem Set 3.1: Sampling Distribution of the Mean Exercise
Criterion:
Interpret population mean and variance.
Instructions:
Read the information below and answer the questions.
Suppose a researcher wants to learn more about the mean attention span of individuals in some hypothetical population. The researcher cites that the attention span (the time in minutes attending to some task) in this population is normally distributed with the following characteristics: 20
36
. Based on the parameters given in this example, answer the following questions:
1. What is the population mean (μ)? __________________________
2. What is the population variance
? __________________________
3. Sketch the distribution of this population. Make sure you draw the shape of the distribution and label the mean plus and minus three standard deviations.
Problem Set 3.2: Effect Size and Power
Criterion:
Explain effect size and power.
Instructions:
Read each of the following three scenarios and answer the questions.
Two researchers make a test concerning the effectiveness of a drug use treatment. Researcher A determines that the effect size in the population of males is
d
= 0.36; Researcher B determines that the effect size in the population of females is
d
= 0.20. All other things being equal, which researcher has more power to detect an effect? Explain. ______________________________________________________________________
Two researchers make a test concerning the levels of marital satisfaction among military families. Researcher A collects a sample of 22 married couples (
n
= 22); Researcher B collects a sample of 40 married couples (
n
= 40). All other things being equal, which researcher has more power to detect an effect? Explain. ______________________________________________________________________
Two researchers make a test concerning standardized exam performance among senior high school students in one of two local communities. Researcher A tests performance from the population in the northern community, where the standard deviation of test scores is 110 (
); Researcher B tests performance from the population in the southern community, where the standard deviation of test scores is 60 (
). All other things being equal, which researcher has more power to detect an effect? Explain. ______________________________________________________________________
Problem Set 3.3: Hypothesis, Direction, and Population Mean
Criterion:
Explain the relationship between hypothesis, tests, and population mean.
Instructions:
Read the following and answer the questions.
How do I do a T test, correlation and ANOVA in SpssSolution .pdfamitseesldh
How do I do a T test, correlation and ANOVA in Spss?
Solution
One-way between-subjects ANOVA A one-way between-subjects ANOVA allows
you to determine if there is a relationship between a categorical independent variable (IV) and a
continuous dependent variable (DV), where each subject is only in one level of the IV. To
determine whether there is a relationship between the IV and the DV, a one-way between-
subjects ANOVA tests whether the means of all of the groups are the same. If there are any
differences among the means, we know that the value of the DV depends on the value of the IV.
The IV in an ANOVA is referred to as a factor, and the different groups composing the IV are
referred to as the levels of the factor. A one-way ANOVA is also sometimes called a single
factor ANOVA. A one-way ANOVA with two groups is analogous to an independent-samples t-
test. The pvalues of the two tests will be the same, and the F statistic from the ANOVA will be
equal to the square of the t statistic from the t-test. To perform a one-way between-subjects
ANOVA in SPSS • Choose Analyze General Linear Model Univariate. • Move the DV to the
Dependent Variable box. • Move the IV to the Fixed Factor(s) box. • Click the OK button. The
output from this analysis will contain the following sections. • Between-Subjects Factors. Lists
how many subjects are in each level of your factor. • Tests of Between-Subjects Effects. The row
next to the name of your factor reports a test of whether there is a significant relationship
between your IV and the DV. A significant F statistic means that at least two group means are
different from each other, indicating the presence of a relationship. You can ask SPSS to provide
you with the means within each level of your between-subjects factor by clicking the Options
button in the variable selection window and moving your withinsubjects variable to the Display
Means For box. This will add a section to your output titled Estimated Marginal Means
containing a table with a row for each level of your factor. The values within each row provide
the mean, standard error of the mean, and the boundaries for a 95% confidence interval around
the mean for observations within that cell. Post-hoc analyses for one-way between-subjects
ANOVA. A significant F statistic tells you that at least two of your means are different from
each other, but does not tell you where the differences may lie. Researchers commonly perform
post-hoc analyses following a significant ANOVA to help them understand the nature of the
relationship between the IV and the DV. The most commonly reported post-hoc tests are (in
order from most to least liberal): LSD (Least Significant Difference test), SNK (Student-
Newman-Keuls), Tukey, and Bonferroni. The more liberal a test is, the more likely it will find a
significant difference between your means, but the more likely it is that this difference is actually
just due to chance. 14 Although it is the most liberal, simulations ha.
Calculating Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Analyses Follo.docxaman341480
Calculating Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Analyses Following ANOVA
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
is a statistical procedure that compares data between two or more groups or conditions to investigate the presence of differences between those groups on some continuous dependent variable (see
Exercise 18
). In this exercise, we will focus on the
one-way ANOVA
, which involves testing one independent variable and one dependent variable (as opposed to other types of ANOVAs, such as factorial ANOVAs that incorporate multiple independent variables).
Why ANOVA and not a
t
-test? Remember that a
t
-test is formulated to compare two sets of data or two groups at one time (see
Exercise 23
for guidance on selecting appropriate statistics). Thus, data generated from a clinical trial that involves four experimental groups, Treatment 1, Treatment 2, Treatments 1 and 2 combined, and a Control, would require 6
t
-tests. Consequently, the chance of making a Type I error (alpha error) increases substantially (or is inflated) because so many computations are being performed. Specifically, the chance of making a Type I error is the number of comparisons multiplied by the alpha level. Thus, ANOVA is the recommended statistical technique for examining differences between more than two groups (
Zar, 2010
).
ANOVA is a procedure that culminates in a statistic called the
F
statistic. It is this value that is compared against an
F
distribution (see
Appendix C
) in order to determine whether the groups significantly differ from one another on the dependent variable. The formulas for ANOVA actually compute two estimates of variance: One estimate represents differences between the groups/conditions, and the other estimate represents differences among (within) the data.
Research Designs Appropriate for the One-Way ANOVA
Research designs that may utilize the one-way ANOVA include the randomized experimental, quasi-experimental, and comparative designs (
Gliner, Morgan, & Leech, 2009
). The independent variable (the “grouping” variable for the ANOVA) may be active or attributional. An active independent variable refers to an intervention, treatment, or program. An attributional independent variable refers to a characteristic of the participant, such as gender, diagnosis, or ethnicity. The ANOVA can compare two groups or more. In the case of a two-group design, the researcher can either select an independent samples
t
-test or a one-way ANOVA to answer the research question. The results will always yield the same conclusion, regardless of which test is computed; however, when examining differences between more than two groups, the one-way ANOVA is the preferred statistical test.
Example 1: A researcher conducts a randomized experimental study wherein she randomizes participants to receive a high-dosage weight loss pill, a low-dosage weight loss pill, or a placebo. She assesses the number of pounds lost from baseline to post-treatment
378
for the thre ...
Chapter 18 – Pricing Setting in the Business WorldThere are few .docxrobert345678
Chapter 18 – Pricing Setting in the Business World
There are few Methods for setting pricing – costs methods vs demand methods
Formulas considering costs and mark up will help you to do the Problem set assignment:
1. Markup for setting prices (Mark up $ = SP-CP); MARK UP % = (MU $/SP) X100)
Formula for setting price with the markup method
SP = Cost/(1- Markup %)
Example - retailer buys A hat for $15 and wants a 40% markup, his selling price would be….
SP = 15/(1-.40)=.60
= $25.00
2. Understand Role of different costs – fixed, variable, total costs and average costs
3. What is the breakeven point? Formula for calculating the Break Even point.
BE = Total Fixed Cost/Fixed cost contribution
Fixed Cost Contribution=Price – variable cost
4. Average Cost = when there are many flavors/types of the same product, producer determines average cost and then add the mark up to set a common selling price.
.ANOVA
Analysis of Variance is a method of testing the equality of three or more population
means by analyzing sample variance.
One-Way ANOVA
The one-way ANOVA is used to compare three or more population means when there is
one factor of interest.
Requirements
The populations have distributions that are approximately normal.
The populations have the same variance.
The samples are simple random samples of quantitative data.
The samples are independent of each other.
The different samples are from populations that are categorized in only one.
way
One-Way ANOVA is a hypothesis test. There are seven steps for a hypothesis test.
Example
A professor at a local University believes there is a relationship between head size and
the major of the students in her biostatistics classes. She takes a random sample of 20
students from each of three classes and records their major and head circumference.
The data are shown in the following table.
Step 1: State the null hypothesis.
Mean 1 equals mean 2 equals mean 3 equals mean 4.
Step 2: State the Alternative hypothesis.
At least one mean is different.
Step 3: State the Level of Significance.
The level of significance is 0.05.
Step 4: State the test statistic.
variance between samples
variance within samples
F
The test statistic follows the F distribution which has two degrees of freedom, one for
the numerator and one for the denominator.
The calculations for the test statistic are complicated, so a software program is
generally used for the calculations. We will be using Microsoft Excel for this example.
Step 5: Calculate
The calculations are done in Microsoft Excel using the data analysis toolpak. Enter the
data into the spread sheet as shown here. Click on data and the data analysis tookpak
button is on the right.
When you click on the button a dialogue box appears.
Choose ANOVA One Factor. Then another dialogue box appears.
Input range is where the data is in the table. Be sure to put a check in the box for labels
in.
I ONLY Need An Introduction and a Partial Conclution!!!T.docxanthonybrooks84958
**I ONLY Need An Introduction and a Partial Conclution!!!**
The “Sources of Competitive Advantage” image above shows the focus of competitive advantage for seven companies:
Toyota focuses on quality as its competitive advantage.
IBM focuses on service as its competitive advantage.
Wal-Mart focuses on low cost as its competitive advantage.
Coca-Cola focuses on its proprietary products as its competitive advantage.
Apple focuses on innovation as its competitive advantage.
Nike focuses on brand recognition as its competitive advantage.
Nintendo focuses on value as its competitive advantage.
Slide 1: Include title of the team PowerPoint, course name and number, instructor’s name, date submitted, and names of team members.
Slide 2: As a team, select a company from the list of organizations listed above that integrates information systems to support its business strategies. Describe the business mission and goals of your chosen organization.
Slide(s) 3-4: As a team, describe how information systems create competitive advantages for your chosen organization. Analyze and identify the types and functions of systems used in the organization.
Slide 5: What different types of data make up “big data” for your chosen company? Describe the big data (what it is and how it is used). Big is a term that describes extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations. Examples of big data may include data in a company’s customer service department used to solve customer problems or a company’s use of stock market or competitive intelligence data to predict the future (Hint: You can find examples of big data used by the organization by reviewing data reports on the “Investors” or “Our Investors” tab of the organization’s website). Justify your answers.
Slide 6: Conclusion
Slide 7: Reference list
.
I need Paper outline and source is due. the source is attached f.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need
Paper outline and source is due.
the source is attached follow the sources that attached and add to them new sources taht belong to the same topic but try to fin sources from anothre musilm country like Trukey or Bakastan, Saudi Arabia.
My sources
My Topic: Rights of Women in Child Custody
SOURCES:
(1) Epstein, Rona. "Mothers in Prison: The Rights of the Child." Criminal Justice Matters 86.1 (2011): 12-13. Print.
Of the 11,044 women who entered prison in the UK in 2009, about half were on remand, spending an average of four to six weeks in prison. Following trial, 61 per cent of women sentenced to custody received sentences of six months or less (Prison Reform Trust, 2010). In the same year, 3,000 women were sentenced to custody for three months or less, of whom 176 were sentenced to ten days or less. This suggests that a significant number of women are imprisoned for relatively minor offences. Many are mothers of dependent children.
(2) Morgan, Robin. "Women of the Arab Spring." Ms 21.2 (2011): 20-22. Print.
After independence from France in 1956, the government abolished polygamy and legislated women's equality in marriage, divorce and child custody. [...] Khadija Cherif, former head of the Tunisian Association of Democratic Women, guarantees women will continue to defend separation of mosque and state, saying, "The force of the Tunisian feminist movement is that we've never separated it from the fight for democracy and a secular society." Soon, unsung protest coordinator Amai Sharaf - a 36-year-old English teacher, single mother and member of the organizers' April 6 Youth Movement - was spending days and nights in the movement's tiny office, smoking furiously and overseeing a crew of
men
(3) Fransson, Emma, et al. "Why Should They Live More with One of Us When
They Are Children to Us Both?: Parents' Motives for Practicing Equal Joint Physical Custody for Children Aged 0-4." Children and Youth Services Review 66 (2016): 154-160. Print.
Joint physical custody, i.e., children spending an equal amount of time in both parents' home after a separation or divorce, is increasing in many countries. In line with the national policy to promote paternal involvement in parenting, two-thirds of Swedish preschoolers with non-cohabiting parents live in two homes. Internationally, there has been a debate regarding the benefits or risks with joint physical custody for infants and toddlers. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the reasons given by divorced parents for sharing joint physical custody of children 0-4years of age. Interviews were conducted with 46 parents (18 fathers and 28 mothers) and analyzed using systematic text condensation. Two themes emerged in response to the research question. In the theme Same rights and responsibilities, parents described that joint physical custody was ‘a given’ as both parents were seen to have equal rights to and responsibility for the children. Both men and women described
involved fath.
i need you to revise my essay acoording to the given guidelines to.docxanthonybrooks84958
i need you to revise my essay acoording to the given guidelines to make it perfect and be more spesific in the introduction about y topic which is;
Evaluate the concrete benefits of Indian educational programs that promote heritage language proficiency and cultural connection, through bilingual or immersion programs, such as the Salish School of Spokane.
.
i need you to do a whole rewrite on the following report , make a go.docxanthonybrooks84958
i need you to do a whole rewrite on the following report , make a good rewrite ,a good parapghrase n o similarities:
Regional Music of Mexico
Aca Entre Nos by Vicente Fernandez, Performed by Vicente Fernandez
Aca Entre Nos is a classic piece of music by one of the most recognizable and prominent Mexican artists that is Vicente Fernandez. This is an artist with a phenomenal worldwide acclaim and has won numerous awards both in Mexico and in the United States. The song Aca Entre Nos in this case is performed live by Fernandez himself and his group. He does not play any instruments but his crew does. His major singing style is that of the mariachi. This is despite him not playing an instrument. However, his vocals and style blends in with the various mariachi artists in his crew making it a soothing tune and song o the ears of many.
The breath control as used by Fernandez in his live performance of the song is effective, tactful and beneficial to the rendition of the song. Fernandez takes deep breaths between various lines of the song in order to stress or rather produce certain tunes and voices necessary for capturing the mood of the audience and the theme of the song in general. Chest voice techniques have also been applied in a bid to provide an array of vocal sounds during the performance. The lyrics of the song focus on the theme of love stressing how Vicente Fernandez still loves his lover despite telling his friends that he does not anymore. It is a tender and passionate song which tends to show love and affection.
The major message the song possesses is the need for love and the guilt and loneliness one feels after losing a lover or rather ending a relationship. It is also important to note the major instruments used in the performance of the song which include violins, trumpets and traditional mariachi guitars.
.
I need you to read transcript for the video below. Write 150 words o.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need you to read transcript for the video below. Write 150 words on what the video was about? What were the type of searches? What did you learn new about the video? What did find interesting about video? Explain
Citation for video
It's the law
[Video file]. (2001). Retrieved April 15, 2017, from http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=18566&xtid=11901
In
the
criminal
justice
system
the
laws
are
framed
first
and
foremost
by
the
US
Constitution,
because
it's
this
living
document
that
gives
government
its
powers,
as
well
as
limits
those
powers,
and
guarantees
our
personal
rights
to
life,
liberty,
and
property.
Our
laws
protect
these
rights,
whether
the
laws
are
enacted
at
the
federal,
state,
or
local
level.
So
while
the
purpose
of
this
system
is
to
bring
criminals
to
justice,
it
must
also
meet
the
standard
of
due
process
provided
by
the
Constitution.
And
so
the
criminal
justice
system
has
two
separate,
but
equally
important,
functions,
to
protect
the
public
safety,
and
maintain
the
public
confidence.
This
is
how
it
works.
To
understand
the
criminal
justice
system
the
first,
and
most
obvious,
question
we
ask
is,
what
exactly
is
a
Crime?
Well,
in
America
a
crime
is
anything
that
Congress,
a
state,
or
a
legislative
body
has
said
is
a
crime.
A
violation
of
public
law,
punishable
by
imprisonment,
a
fine,
or
both.
Like
driving
a
car
after
drinking
a
few
beers,
taking
a
bike
that
belongs
to
someone
else,
or
using
certain
drugs.
These
are
all
violations
of
what
we
know
as
American
law.
Some
crimes
have
been
considered
crimes
for
hundreds
of
years.
Others
aren't
even
thought
of
as
crimes
anymore.
And
then
there
are
things
people
do
that
were
once
acceptable,
but
are
now
illegal.
So
while
our
laws
may
be
stable,
they
may
also
reflect
how
our
society
grows
and
changes.
And
because
society
is
fluid,
and
moves,
and
changes,
we
constantly
look
at
laws
to
determine
whether
or
not
they're
meeting
societal
needs.
A
good
example
is
laws
with
regards
to
computer
technology
issues.
The
framers
of
the
Constitution
had
no
concept
that
there
would
be
computers.
Our
laws
are
both
stable
and
flexible,
because
they
need
to
adapt
with
the
times.
But
they
should
also
remain
stable,
so
that
there
is
consistency,
and
an
evenness
to
the
meting
out
of
justice.
Our
society
has
gone
through
a
rapid
change
in
recent
years
due
to
modern
technology.
And
so
we
say
that
law
is
a
reaction
to
the
whim,
but
not
to
the
will
of
the
people.
So
as
people
change
the
law
will
react
to
those
changes
in
customs
and
habits
in
a
society.
Crimes
are
usually
divided
into
two
types,
Misdemeanor
and
Felony.
A
misdemeanor
is
a
crime
that
is
pu.
I need vector images created. I need to purchase the rights so they .docxanthonybrooks84958
I need vector images created. I need to purchase the rights so they can be reproduced onto clothing. I will post an example of an image that is AN EXAMPLE. It must be different as this image already is owned by someone. Looking for a long term business relationship to have vector images created for me. Must be in EPS format. Please recreate the image below to something similar.
.
I needtwo paragraphs about my friend Rachel being supportive, hel.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need:
two paragraphs about my friend Rachel being supportive, helpful, and a leading force on our staff.
And a seperate document with three paragraphs about my friend Bruce being a dependable, social, unifying personality in the community and amongst our staff.
Background: I work as a Resident Assistant for a university. This is for my other staff members who are also Resident Assistants. Please be familiar with what a Resident Assistant is to be able to write this.
.
I need you to write a research essay about the Japan and Japanese im.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need you to write a research essay about the Japan and Japanese immigrants in USA during the world war 2.
Include: What happened in Pearl harbor
Racism of US toward the Japanese American immigrants.
Include the dates and people.
Chronology must be followed.
I need 2 sources cited in Chicago or Turabian format.
.
I need two Reflections one reflection for oral communication cou.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need two
Reflections
one reflection for oral communication course (power point slide talk about a person his name nahar alnassar)
one reflection for macro economics course
I am going to evaluate my performance during doing this assignment using the standard
CRITICAL THINKING Indicators
. I consider myself intermediate...
check the sample
.
I need to respond to the discussion below with at least 150 words ab.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need to respond to the discussion below with at least 150 words about what is being discussed on their thoughts and topic. I need reference for any information used in response
Global crimes transcend national borders and threaten American citizens and communities, businesses, and institutions, as well as global security and stability. The classification of global crimes can be categorized according to if the behavior is international and constitutes a crime against the world, or if the act is transnational that affects the interests of more than one state (Global
Solution
s, nod.). The contents of this essay will identify the various major global crimes and criminal issues that have a global impact on national and international justice systems and processes. In addition, the text will discuss the various international justice systems and how these global crimes and criminal issues are addressed.
Fueled by open borders, global markets, and the advancement of telecommunications, international crime has become a rising universal problem. In 1995, President Clinton classified international crime as a danger to the national interest of the United States. Therefore, before and since then the federal government has been busy in a converging effort to address various major global crimes, such as human rights and war crimes, organized crime and narcotics, cybernetic, environmental crime, and terrorism (Global
.
I need two papers - please use attached rubricStudents will deve.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need two papers - please use attached rubric
Students will develop a plan for law enforcement and/or medical facilities focusing on education and prevention of an attack caused by a specific biological agent. The plan will consider potential costs and risks as well as training necessary for effective implementation. A rubric is posted in the handout section of the CampusWeb course.
.
I need two discussion replies - 150 words eachSocial MediaJe.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need two discussion replies - 150 words each
Social Media
Jerry Kane discusses the use of social media and what to expect in the future. Based on Jerry's talk, respond to the following questions.
1. Do you agree with Jerry's statement that "There's no such thing as social media? Why or why not?
2. How have you used social media in the workplace?
.
I need to make a code that I have written in parts work.I have a.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need to make a code that I have written in parts work.
I have a code to retrieve information from ystockquite API and using pi get it in binary form.
I have a code that sends hex values from raspberry pi.
I need the code to enable spi on Tiva c series launchpad and use it as a slave and see the data transmitted to raspberry pi on the python or through oscilloscope.a
IF this is up ur alley message me and we can talk more about the details......Please be knowledgeable in subject matter as well as be able to talk on the phone
.
I need two papers - Please use attached rubric the following rubr.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need two papers
- Please use attached rubric the following rubric outcome
Outcome IV: Social and Global Perspectives:
Articulate a perspective on power in the world and one’s own place in the global community.
Compare and contrast the perspectives of diverse peoples.
Analyze systems of power among individuals, communities, and/or institutions in different cultures.
Exam due
June 24 at 12:00 AM
(Included in final grade)
Instructions:
Write a 5-7 page paper
See
Outcome IV Rubric
Align with APA Style Writing, including all formatting of paper and bibliography
Analyze the final reading, "Writing on the Wall", in conjunction with a contemporary media from a global perspective (at least 2 pages)
Address the question, "Are the new digital tools undermining democracy or enhancing it?". Discuss the role of social media in political change around the world
Use earlier course readings and discussions as a guide
You can use outside resources, but
BE SURE TO CITE these resources accurately
Examine the issue from more than one disciplinary perspective (e.g., historical, political and economical) - OR-
Present contrasting views on the question and defend a position with evidence
In the title of the paper, list your chosen approach from the two options provided above
.
I need two discussion replies 150 words eachRead the excerpts .docxanthonybrooks84958
I need two discussion replies 150 words each
Read the excerpts on Stockhausen’s Gesang der Junlinge (Songs of Youth), Reading #2. Then listen to the piece at the link above, you may even listen while you read.
Strategies for listening:
-Look at the sample translation and listen for the sung phrase “Preiset den Herrn” (Praise ye the Lord).
-The idea here is that this sung phrase is supposed to emerge out of and then be buried by the sounds of the “electronic fire”.
-Listen to sections of the piece and try to pick out whenever this phrase is sung (kind of like a listening game!).
Discussion questions/points:
-Does the deeply religious aspect of this music change you approximation of it?
-At the time this piece was hailed by many as the future of music, can you think of times when you might have heard electronic sounds like these?
-This music was made with numerous simple Sine Tone oscillators (meaning they make a pure tone with NO timber) and a tape machine, no synthesizers existed at this time. Consider the complexity of the sounds, do you think it would be difficult to create these sounds with such basic materials?
-Make an opinion about the music: did you enjoy listening? Did you totally hate it? Are you somewhere in between? Would you not want to listen again, but found it interesting? Please speak your mind.
-Stockhausen uses the stereo field of the 2 speakers to make it seem as if the sounds are moving around in the space in front of you. Can you pick this out? For fun try listening to a minute with headphones on.
.
I need two discussion post answers - 150 words each Writing on.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need two discussion post answers - 150 words each
Writing on the Wall - Part II
Standage not only suggests that “there’s nothing new under the sun,” but he asserts that we’ve recently returned to a more democratic (and, he implies more positive) social media environment after 150 years or so of more authoritarian one-way communication.
Not everyone agrees with his analysis. One Amazon reviewer, for example, had this to say about Standage’s thesis:
Many now believe that social media has democratized media and communications. This I believe is largely untrue. For a short time, in the early 2000’s, social media may have delivered on the promise of conversation but it missed the opportunity. All too quickly it became big business and fell into the hands of traditional marketers, advertisers and media professionals who were only comfortable with what they knew best and that is control. As a result, social media is now little different from radio, print and television.
It is blaringly loud, aggravatingly intrusive, and only episodically relevant. It is a channel of communication that flows one way like a fire hose. People are tricked into believing their posts, tweets and likes give them power. In reality, they are pinging and sharing what a small handful of people want them to. It is more "what you get is what you share" than "what you share is what you get".
Social media is a parlor trick. It only gives the appearance of being highly personal and individualized. What could have been “the masses’ media” is mass media plain and simple.
Now it’s your turn to weigh in on the argument. What do you think about Standage’s theory that we’ve circled back to a more horizontal (and more democratic) social media infrastructure after a period of vertical (more authoritarian) mass media production? How might Standage respond to this reviewer?
.
I need two discussion post answers - 150 words eache Frank shows.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need two discussion post answers - 150 words each
e Frank shows us some silly ways that people can interact on the internet, but his creations have a more serious side as well. People are able to connect in new and unexpected ways online. In what ways have your horizons been expanded in terms of relationships with others through social media or other digital communication? What, if anything, have you given up as a result?
http://www.ted.com/talks/ze_frank_s_web_playroom.html
.
I need two different replies of 200 words each reply Songs My Br.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need two different replies of 200 words each reply
Songs My Brother Taught Me Discussion
For this forum post, I would like you to point out an aspect of John Reddy's "journey" that most resembled "religion" to you as you watched the film. Was it in the rituals? Prayer? Music/Songs? What stuck out to you? To support what emerged to you, I would like you to find an image to include in your post that highlights your understanding of Native American religions and John Reddy's journey.
Each initial post must be at least 200 words long and ideally, include an image (if you have any issues with this process, please email me).
.
I need two different assignments.The first one I need two and a.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need two different assignments.
The first one: I need two and a half page Definition Essay. More information is attached. Please follow the instruction attached.
The second one: Frayer model maps vocabulary. Basically I will provide you with 20 words and I need 1- your own words deifinition, 2-example, 3- non example, 4- charastristics/facts. More information is also attached. Please follow instruction.
The 20 words are: Acebity. Alacrity. Cacphone. Contiguous. Duplicity. Enfranchise. Halcyon. Imbroglio. Munificence. Paragon. Ameliorate. Bellicose. Egregious. Incontrovertible. Judicious. Meander. Onus. Peruse. Sapient. Vacuous.
.
I need to give at least a 75-word comment on my class mate’s postE.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need to give at least a 75-word comment on my class mate’s post
Extreme "Child" or "Blind Spot" Experiences
Herman
Dr Orner and Class, for this week’s discussion topic I chose “Transactional Analysis” because I’ve had numerous experiences from the military that reminded me of the transactional analysis modes. According to Dr. Eric Berne, transactional analysis is the idea that a person’s behavior, actions, and social relationships are a reflection of how they interact with others. Transactional analysis operates around three modes, parent mode, child mode, and adult mode which describe the overall interaction between two people. The parent mode displays authority, highly experienced, knowledgeable, and encouraging attitude. The child mode represents a young inexperience, misguided, uncontrollable person who exhibits immature behavior when confronted or challenged by others. The adult mode displays a reasonable mature reaction to favorable and non-favorable interaction with others.
Many years ago when I was in the Army I had several professional encounters with younger soldiers under me that reminded me of the parent to child communication relationship. There were many past encounters where my younger subordinates took on the character of a child when interacting with me and other leaders about work related issues. I remember one specific occasion in Germany, were I had a couple of new soldiers in my section that lacked initiative, motivation, and knowledge of simple task. These particular soldiers quickly became my special project because they would always develop an “I can’t do it” attitude when it came to physical work which meant someone else had to pull their load. I remember a lot of our initial conversations resembled a parent to child relation as I pushed them to except their duties and responsibilities as soldiers and team member. At that time in my life I truly felt like I was finishing raising other people’s children as they entered the Army as young adults. Overall each situation turned out well over time and our professional relationships developed into adult to adult interactions as they learned and became more mature.
Reference:
Puckridge, P. (2009) Transactional Analysis in Action, Retrieved 27 March 2017 from https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFT2HJliaKE&list=PLRn0GjEedVvioZq6tK-Iwi83sRdHUFok
Herman
.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
I need this done ASAP, You have to have SPSS Software on your comput.docx
1. I need this done ASAP, You have to have SPSS Software on
your computer. Please do not request to do the assignment if
you don't have the software or if you do not have the
understanding to get this assignment complete.
Assignment 2: Tests of Significance
Throughout this assignment you will review mock studies.
You will needs to follow the directions outlined in the section
using SPSS and decide whether there is significance between
the variables.
You will need to list the five steps of hypothesis testing (as
covered in the lesson for Week 6) to see how
every
question should be formatted.
You will complete all of the problems.
Be sure to cut and past the appropriate test result boxes from
SPSS under each problem and explain what you will do with
your research hypotheses.
All calculations should be coming from your SPSS
.
You will need to submit the SPSS output file to get credit for
this assignment.
This file will save as a .spv file and will need to be in a single
file.
In other words, you are not allowed to submit more than one
output file for this assignment.
2. The five steps of hypothesis testing when using SPSS are as
follows:
State your research hypothesis (H
1
) and null hypothesis (H
0
).
Identify your significance level (.05 or .01)
Conduct your analysis using SPSS.
Look for the valid score for comparison.
This score is usually under ‘Sig 2-tail’ or ‘Sig. 2’.
We will call this “p”.
Compare the two and apply the following rule:
If “p” is < or = significance level, than you reject the null.
Be sure to explain to the reader what this means in regards to
your study.
(Ex: will you recommend counseling services?)
* Be sure that your answers are clearly distinguishable.
Perhaps you bold your font or use a different color.
This assignment is due no later than Sunday of Week 6 by 11:55
pm ET.
Save the file in the following format: [your last
name_SOCI332_A2].
The file must be a word file.
t Tests
3. t Test for a Single Sample (20 points)
Open SPSS
Enter the number of activities of daily living performed by the
depressed clients studied in #1 in the Data View window.
In the Variable View window, change the variable name to
“ADL” and set the decimals to zero.
Click Analyze
Compare Means
One-Sample T test
the arrow to move “ADL” to the Variable(s) window.
Enter the population mean (17) in the “Test Value” box.
Click OK.
Researches are interested in whether depressed people
undergoing group therapy will perform a different number of
activities of daily living after group therapy. The researchers
have randomly selected 12 depressed clients to undergo a 6-
week group therapy program.
Use the five steps of hypothesis testing to determine whether
the average number of activities of daily living (shown below)
obtained after therapy is significantly different from a mean
number of activities of 17 that is typical for depressed people.
(Clearly indicate each step).
Test the difference at the .05 level of significance and at the .01
level (in SPSS this means you change the “confidence level”
from 95% to 99%).
As part of Step 5, indicate whether the behavioral scientists
should recommend group therapy for all depressed people based
4. on evaluation of the null hypothesis at both levels of
significance.
CLIENT
AFTER THERAPY
A
18
B
14
C
11
D
25
E
24
F
17
G
14
H
10
I
23
J
11
K
22
L
19
t Test for Dependent Means (20 points)
Open SPSS
Enter the number of activities of daily living performed by the
depressed clients studied in Problem 2 in the Data View
window. Be sure to enter the “before therapy” scores in the first
5. column and the “after therapy” scores in the second column.
In the Variable View window, change the variable name for the
first variable to “ADLPRE” and the variable name for the
second variable to “ADLPOST”. Set the decimals for both
variables to zero.
Click Analyze
Compare Means
Paired-Samples T Test
the arrow to move “ADLPRE” to the Paired Variable(s) window
“ADLPOST” and then click the arrow to move the variable to
the Paired Variable(s) window.
Click OK.
Researchers are interested in whether depressed people
undergoing group therapy will perform a different number of
activities of daily living before and after group therapy. The
researchers have randomly selected 8 depressed clients in a 6-
week group therapy program.
Use the five steps of hypothesis testing to determine whether
the observed differences in numbers of activities of daily living
(shown below) obtained before and after therapy are
statistically significant at the .05 level of. (Clearly indicate
each step).
As part of Step 5, indicate whether the researchers should
recommend group therapy for all depressed people based on
evaluation of the null hypothesis at the .05 level of significance
and calculate the measure of association.
CLIENT
7. A dialog box will appear, with your variables (student,
condition, score) on the left. Your options are (a) move one or
more variables into the “Test Variable(s)” box to select your
dependent variables(s) and (b) move one of your variables into
the “Grouping Variable” box to select the independent variables
(or identify the groups to be compared).
Make “?” the dependent variable by moving it to the “Test
Variable(s)” box. Then make “?” your independent variable by
moving it to the “Grouping Variable” box.
Now, the “Define Groups” button is functioning, click on
Define Groups
and another dialog box appears. Here you must specify the two
values of the condition variable that represent the two groups
you are comparing.
Click
in the box next to Group 1 and type the number 1, then
click
in the box next to Group 2 and type the number 2.
Now you can click
Continue
to return to the “Independent-Samples T Test” dialog box, and
click on
OK
to run the analysis.
Six months after an industrial accident, a researcher has been
asked to compare the job satisfaction of employees who
participated in counseling sessions with the satisfaction of
employees who chose not to participate.
8. The scores on a job satisfaction inventory for both groups are
listed in the table below.
Use the five steps of hypothesis testing
to determine whether the job satisfaction scores of the group
that participated in counseling are statistically higher than the
scores of employees who did not participate in counseling at the
.01 level of significance.
As part of Step 5, indicate whether the researcher should
recommend counseling as a method to improve job satisfaction
following industrial accidents based on evaluation of the null
hypothesis and calculate the measure of association.
NOTE: Do not forget to give a numeric value for those who
participated in counseling (e.g. 0) and those who did not
participate in counseling (e.g. 1).
PARTICIPATED IN COUNSELING
DID NOT PARTICIPATE IN COUNSELING
36
38
39
36
41
36
36
32
37
30
35
39
9. 37
41
39
35
42
33
ANOVA (20 points)
Open SPSS
Analyze the data for #1. Remember that SPSS assumes that all
the scores in a row are from the same participant. In this study,
there are 15 participants divided into three groups of five.
Therefore, each of the 15 participants will be described by two
variables, type of therapy and the number of activities of daily
living performed.
If “1” represents the group receiving individual therapy for 1
hour every 2 weeks, “2” represents the group receiving 1 hour
of individual therapy each week, and “3” indicates the group
receiving 2 hours of individual therapy each week, the first
participant will be described by entering “1” in the top cell of
the first column in the Data View window and “16” in the top
cell of the second column to indicate that the participant
underwent 1 hour of therapy every 2 weeks and performed 16
activities of daily living. The second participant will be
described by “1” and “15”, and the third by “1” and “18”.
When the two variables have been entered for the five
participants in this group, repeat the process for participants
who underwent 1 hour of individual therapy each week, using
“2” to describe their therapy group. When the two variables for
the five participants in this group have been entered, repeat the
process for Group 3, entering “3” in the first column. In the
10. Variable View window, change the first variable name to
“THERAPY” and the second to “ADL” and set the decimals for
both to zero.
Click Analyze
Compare Means
One-Way ANOVA
Since “THERAPY” is already selected, you can click the arrow
to move the variable to the Factor window. Select “ADL” and
click the arrow to move the variable to the Dependent List
window, which instruct SPSS to conduct the analysis of
variance on the number of activities performed.
Click “Options” and click the box labeled “Descriptive” to
obtain descriptive statistics.
Click Continue.
Click OK.
Keep in mind that the clients in Group 1 will receive 1 hour of
therapy every 2 weeks, the clients in Group 2 will receive 1
hour of therapy every week, and the clients in Group 3 will
receive 2 hours of therapy every week.
Use the five steps of hypothesis testing to determine whether
the observed differences in the number of activities in the
following table performed by the three groups are statistically
significant at the .05 level of significance.
Clearly indicate each of the five steps.
11. CLIENT
GROUP 1
GROUP 2
GROUP 3
1
16
21
24
2
15
20
21
3
18
17
25
4
21
23
20
5
19
19
22
Describe the circumstances under which you should use
ANOVA instead of t tests, and explain why t tests are
inappropriate in these circumstances.
Chi-Square (20 points)
12. Chi-Square
SPSS instructions:
Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit:
Open SPSS
Remember that SPSS assumes that all the scores in a row are
from the same participant. In the study presented in #1, there
are 20 students, some of whom have been suspended for
misbehavior. The primary conflict-resolution style used by each
student is also entered. [Ignore the first variable in this
analysis.]
When you have entered the data for all 20 students, move to the
Variable View window and change the first variable name to
“SUSPEND” and the second to “STYLE”. Set the number of
decimals for both variables to zero.
Click Analyze
Non-Parametric Tests
Chi-Square
Click the variable “STYLE” and then the arrow next to the box
labeled “Test Variable List” to indicate that the chi-square for
goodness of fit should be conducted on the conflict-resolution
style variable.
Note that “All categories equal” is the default selection in the
“Expected Values” box, which means that SPSS will conduct
the goodness of fit test using equal expected frequencies for
each of the four styles, in other words, SPSS will assume that
the proportions of students each style are equal.
Click OK.
Chi-Square Test for Independence:
Open SPSS
13. For #2, you need to add the variable “SUSPEND” to the
analysis. Remember that in this problem, we are interested in
whether there was an association between conflict-resolution
style and having been suspended from school for misbehavior.
Since the analysis will involve two nominal variables, the
appropriate test is a chi-square test for independence.
Click Analyze
Descriptive Statistics
Crosstabs
Since “SUSPEND” is already selected, click the arrow next to
the box labeled “Rows.”
Click the variable “STYLE” and click the arrow next to the box
labeled “Columns.”
Click “Statistics” and click the box labeled “Chi-Square.”
Click Continue.
Click “Cells” and click the box labeled “Expected.”
Click Continue.
Click OK.
The following table includes the primary method of conflict
resolution used by 20 students.
Method
Aggressive
Manipulative
Passive
Assertive
N
of Students
8
2
2
14. 8
Following the five steps of hypothesis testing, conduct the
appropriate chi-square test to determine whether the observed
frequencies are significantly different from the frequencies
expected by change at the .05 level of significance. Clearly
identify each of the five steps.
Next, researchers categorized the students based on the primary
method of conflict resolution used and whether the student had
been suspended from school for misbehavior.
These data are presented below.
Method
Suspended
Aggressive
Manipulative
Passive
Assertive
Total
Yes
7
1
1
1
10
No
1
1
1
7
10
Total
8
15. 2
2
8
20
Following the five steps of hypothesis testing, conduct the
appropriate chi-square test to determine whether the observed
frequencies are significantly different from the frequencies
expected by change at the .05 level of significance. Clearly
identify each of the five steps.
Calculate the measure of association.
Believing that assertiveness is the most effective method of
conflict resolution, the researchers categorized students so that
the aggressive, manipulative, and passive categories were
combined.
These data are presented in the table below.
Conflict Resolution
Suspension from School
Assertive
Other
Total
Yes
1
9
10
No
6
4
10
Total
16. 7
13
20
Following the five steps of hypothesis testing, conduct the
appropriate chi-square test to determine whether the observed
frequencies are significantly different from the frequencies
expected by change at the .05 level of significance. Clearly
identify each of the five steps.
Explain your results.