A research hypothesis is a tentative, testable statement predicting the relationship between two or more variables.

1. HYPOTHESIS
DEFINITION – CHARACTERISTICS – TYPES –SOURCES -
IMPORTANCE

2. DEFINITION
A research hypothesis is a specific, clear, and testable proposition
or predictive statement about the possible outcome of a
scientific research study based on a particular property of a
population.
A tentative generalization, the validity of which remains to be tested.
A proposition which can be put to a test to determine its validity.
“A specific statement of prediction”.

3. WHAT IS HYPOTHESES???
• The hypothesis is an assumption that is made on the basis of some
evidence.
• This is the initial point of any investigation that translates the research
questions into a prediction.
• It includes components like variables, population, and the relation
between the variables.
• A research hypothesis is a hypothesis that is used to test the relationship
between two or more variables.

4. CHARACTERISTICS
• The hypothesis should be clear and precise to consider it to be
reliable.
• If the hypothesis is a relational hypothesis, then it should be
stating the relationship between variables.
• The hypothesis must be specific and should have scope for
conducting more tests.
• The explanation of the hypothesis must be very simple.

5. CHARACTERISTICS
•A Declarative statement.
•Tentative answer to a research question.
•Has to be evaluated.
•Easily testable.
•Provide answer to question.

6. TYPES
• DESCRIPTIVE
• RELATIONAL
• CASUAL
• WORKING
• NULL
• ALTERNATIVE
• STATISTICAL
• COMMON SENSE
• COMPLEX
• ANALYTICAL

7. DESCRIPTIVE HYPOTHSIS
• Describe the characteristics such as size, shape, distribution & etc.
• Variables can be an individual, group, object & organization.
• E.g.
• The Chennai city is bigger than anyother cities in Tamilnadu
• The younger generation is more viable to affected by ransomware virus.

8. RELATIONAL HYPOTHSIS
• Describe the relationship between 2 variables.
• Variables relationship can be positive, negative or casual relationship.
• E.g.
• Tamil medium students are far better in communication than English
medium students
• The high income people spend less on brands.
• Caste has no impact on academic bahaviour.
• Age of the respondents has impact on their usage of social media

9. CASUAL HYPOTHSIS
• Proposed that change in one variable leads to change in another variables.
• Dependent and independent Variables are involved in a hypothesis.
• Cause-and-effect relationship exists between variables.
• E.g.
• High income leads to high demand of costly products.
• The high income people spend less on brands.
• High global warming leads to high rate of awareness towards
environment.

10. WORKING HYPOTHSIS
•A working hypothesis is a hypothesis that is provisionally
accepted as a basis for further research in the hope that a
tenable theory will be produced, even if
the hypothesis ultimately fails.
•While the project work begins or continued.
•It is subject to be changed.
•Based on the working nature and progress.

11. NULL HYPOTHSIS
•A researcher believes there is no relationship between the
two variables, or there is a lack of information to state a
scientific hypothesis.
•This is something to attempt to disprove or discredit.
•There is no significant change in my health during the times
when I drink green tea only or root beer only.

12. ALTERNATE HYPOTHSIS
•A researcher believes there is a relationship between the two
variables,
•This is something to attempt to prove.
•There is a significant change in my health during the times
when I drink green tea only or root beer only.

13. STATISTICAL HYPOTHSIS
•A hypothesis that can be verified statistically.
•Use quantitative techniques.
•There is 95 percent increase in students performance after
the training.

14. COMPLEX HYPOTHSIS
•A hypothesis reflects relationship between more than one
variables.
•Higher the illiteracy leads to higher poverty and crimes.
•A simple hypothesis is a prediction of the
relationship between two variables: the
independent variable and the dependent variable.
•Drinking sugary drinks daily leads to obesity.

15. ANALYTICAL HYPOTHSIS
•A hypothesis reflects impact of one variable on another
variables.
•Higher the illiteracy leads to higher poverty and crimes.

16. SOURCES
• THEORY
• OBSERVATION
• ANALOGIES
• INTUTIONS
• PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
• FINDINGS OF PREVIOUS STUDIES
• STATE OF KNOWLDEGE
• CULTURE
• CONTINUITY OF RESEARCH