More Related Content Similar to How to hybridize a machine Similar to How to hybridize a machine (20) 1. Hybridisatie van een machine:
hoe begin ik eraan ?
Seminarie 07-06-2012
Anje.Vanvlierberghe@sirris.be
the collective centre of the Belgian technological industry
2. Content
• “Hybrid”: what does it mean ?
• Rationale: why hybrid ?
• History and future
• Classification of hybrids
• Overview
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3. “Hybrid”: what does it mean ?
According to Wikipedia: “hybrid machines (vehicles) are machines
(vehicles) with two or more power sources in the drive line”
Advantage hybrid: selection of proper combination of power
sources in function of operation mode
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© 2012 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
4. Example: hybrid car (simplified)
Combination Operation mode
Stopped
Start-up and light acceleration
Driving @constant speed
High acceleration (“power boost”)
Coasting and braking
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© 2012 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
5. Hybrid system:
general overview & operation modes
Secondary power source
EnSto (Energy Storage)
Primary source (grid,
solar, ICE,…) M proces1
Power carrier
Normal / steadystate operation brake
Low power operation
Low power operation with engine-stop / power cut-off
Energy recovery (regenerative braking)
Excessive energy recovery; emergency stop M proces2
More operating modes possible Multiple processes
feed power into grid; start/stop conditions;…
Case specific power flow strategies possible M proces3
i.e. power management
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© 2012 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
6. Typical configuration of hybrid (electric)
machine
brake
= +
Grid or engine
with generator
~ DC- bus ~ M proces1
- =
=
= ~ M proces2
=
EnSto
Battery pack
Capacitor stack
…
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© 2012 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
7. Rationale: why hybrid / energy storage ?
• store (otherwise wasted) brake energy in order to recuperate it
during next acceleration phase
energy efficiency (decrease energy cost)
decrease emissions, pollution, noise…
• store energy during periods of low power needs
for use during peak power requirement
(load leveling)
reduce connection cost to grid or
downsize (mobile) generator
prevent causing power dips with
your machine
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© 2011 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
8. Rationale: why hybrid / energy storage ?
• store energy for use during power dips or interrupts on the grid
increase energy quality to your machine
prevent shut-downs of your machine
scrap & production loss
• store a buffer of energy for use in case of emergencies
safely shut down
keep stand-by functions & alerts working
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© 2011 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
9. History of hybrid vehicles
“Steam car” – ca. 1650 – Ferdinand Verbiest
First electric vehicle – ca. 1840 – Robert Anderson
First hybrid car– ca. 1900 – Ferdinand Porsche
(ICE + electric)
Release of “modern” commercial hybrids (Toyota &
Honda) – ca. 2000
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© 2012 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
11. Classification of hybrids
• By topology (parallel, serial, power-split)
• By utilisation (full, mild, PHEV)
• By nature of primary and secondary power source
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© 2012 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
12. Classification of hybrids (1)
• Parallel, serial, power-split
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© 2012 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
13. Classification of hybrids (2)
• Full
• Can be driven by primary power source only
• Can be driven by secondary power source only
• Can be driven by both power sources
• Mild
• Some degree of hybrid hardware, but limited features
• Plug-in electric vehicle (PHEV)
• Can by charged by the grid
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© 2012 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
14. Classification by nature of power source (3)
• Electric/ICE
• Electric/fuel cell
• ICE/hydraulic
• ICE/pneumatic
• Flywheel
• Human powered, environmental powered
• Mind the topology of the existing drive line !
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© 2012 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
15. Classification by nature of power source (4)
Sec Prim Electric ICE Hydr Pneum Other
Electric Volt, Tesla, Prius, Cost! Cost! El. bike
Elevator/crane Insight
ICE UPS - ? ? -
Hydr. Cost! Train,city IM ? Desert
Power plant delivery machines pump?
Pneum. Power plant Research Research Pneum. Desert
labs labs accu pump?
Mech. KERS Flywheel Shredder Spring? Desert
flywheel pump?
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© 2012 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
16. Comparison energy storage technologies(5)
Energy Storage Power Energy Cycle Safety Typical load cycle
type density density life assets time
Flywheel + + + rupture Seconds-minutes
Hydraulic ++ - + Leakage Seconds - minutes
(Pneumatic + - + ‘pressure Minutes (hours) )
vessle’
(Super)caps ++ + /- ++ Chemicals Fraction of seconds
to seconds
battery - ++ -- Chemicals Minutes to hours
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© 2011 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
17. Comparison of technologies (6)
Positioning of energy storage devices in terms of
energy density & power density (Ragone chart)
Supercaps
Hydraulic
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© 2011 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
19. How do I start ?
• Define the rationale(s) (load levelling, regenerative braking…)
• Study the topology of the machine’s drive line
• Investigate the typical load cycle(s) of the machinery
(dynamic!)
• Ragone chart (power – energy – duration)
• E.g. hybridisation is not possible when the machine is always
operated with 100% duty cycle
• Economical aspects : pay-back ?
• Cost of extra components for hybridisation / energy storage
• Cost of extra safety components (mechanical & electrical)
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© 2012 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
20. Questions ?
• Next presentation: more technical details
• Don’t hesitate to contact us !
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© 2012 Sirris – FMTC – VUB www.sirris.be www.fmtc.be mobi.vub.ac.be
