Electric hybrid bv rev3

© 2018 Bureau Veritas Marine & Offshore 1
ELECTRIC HYBRID PROPULSION
Disruptive Innovations
Electric & Hybrid Marine World Expo 2018
Amsterdam - June 28, 2018
Martial CLAUDEPIERRE Bureau Veritas
Harly PENNER SEASPAN

Contents
01 02 03
Why ? How ? Case studies
04
Conclusions

Why ?
01

Global environmental regulation fosters clean energy usage
ChinaGlobal
To comply with the new requirements, vessels use fuel oil
with a sulphur content of no more than 0.5% m/m, or other
equivalent measures to reduce emissions including exhaust
gas scrubbing, alternative clean fuels and shore power (cold
ironing).
Main 2020 Sulphur cap perceived by many as a
major hurdle for emissions compliance.

Why electric hybrid propulsion ?
 EEDI improvement
 Elimination of harmful emissions
 More friendly work environment
 Increased profitability
 Enhanced environment reputation

Electric Hybrid marine market in a glance
• Market distribution
0 10 20 30 40
Bulkers
Fishing vessels
Yachts
Cruise liners
Tugs
OSV
Ferries
Norway
52%
USA
13%Canada
10%
Australia
5%
Denmar
k &
Sweden
8%
Germany
4%
Neitherlands
4% France
2%
Others
2%
Electric Hybrid
Pulg in Hybrid
Full Electric
0
0.5
1
1.5
2

Reducing opex
Reduce FO consumption
• The savings potential of a
hybrid drive system is in
the fact that marine diesel
engines are used in
operating areas, in which
the specific fuel
consumption is optimised.
• SFOC consumption under
partial load may increase
in certain conditions
compared to full load by
about +25%.
(Courtesy of Wartsila

How ?
02

Full electric or hybrid ?
Courtesy STQ
Full electric
Ships in regular trade line with fixed
port and harbours location where
recharge at night is possible or at least
with a ratio of staying at port vs sailing
permitting enough time to recharge.
Hybrid
The Netherlands infrastructure agency
Ships in unregularly trade routes or regular trade but not
having enough time releasing in port that would allow for
full recharge of batteries.

Typical hybrid electric propulsion system
Distribution system DC main switchboard - Example of Seaspan Ferry
rectifier

Diesel propulsion
Diesel propulsion
with power electronics
Diesel- electric propulsion
with new generation of power electronics
DC grids
Electric propulsion
Electric- hybrid propulsion
Energy storage
Technology drivers

Li-ion batteries safety recommendations
► Contain a big amount of energy, that can be released in an harmful way in case of short circuit
► Risk of thermal runaway in case of over charging, or for any reason sudden increased of external
temperature, hot spot, especially at the level of the cathode. Some toxic products, as results of
combustion of elements included in battery in these circumstances may be created
► Necessity to have a monitoring system able to prevent events leading to thermal runaway in the
battery cells
Thermal Runaway

Li-ion batteries design and characteristics
C Rate
There are 2 types of batteries : Power or
Energy, as Li Ion batteries can be configured
to meet demands from high energy/ low
current/long discharge applications to
those operating with very high power pulse
output, where they can match the
performance of supercapacitors.
Power or Energy batteries ?
C-rate is the current which described
how fast the cell is charging or
discharging. 1C means to allow the cell
to charge/discharge in 1 hour. 0.5C
means to allow the cell to
charge/discharge in 2 hour. 2C mean half
hour and so on.
It is therefore important to specify the C
rate at design stage!

Electric hybrid – different configurations
Voltage
converter
ESS (Energy Storage System) configurations

ELECTRIC HYBRID SHIP additional notation
– The ESS is not considered as forming part of
the main source of electrical power
– The ESS is to remain independent of the
emergency source or transitional source of
power (may be used in addition to the
emergency source or transitional source).
– A Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is
to be carried out in order to demonstrate the
availability of ship propulsion and main
electrical source of power in case of failure of
the ESS.
► For ships provided with an electric energy
storage system (ESS) used for propulsion
and/or electric power supply and connected
permanently to the electrical network.
► ESS types:
 Battery pack
 Semi conductors converters
 Super capacitors
PtF, Ch 11, Sec 22
Key pointsThe notation

Electric propulsion
Notation Electric Hybrid
• Risk analysis
• Battery room safety
• Batteries protection
• BMS:
- Monitor the modules, sub-packs, packs (Voltage, Temperature)
- Control proper connection / disconnection of battery packs and sub-
packs (critical state, …)
- Optimize the battery lifetime and energy availability, by monitoring
and controlling the SOC (State Of Charge, State Of Health)
Focus on:
Electric hybrid ship notation

ESS Capacity
 “Power management mode” : the capacity of the ESS is to be such that it
covers the operating profile of the ship in normal operation during 24
hours, including at least one manoeuvring cycle, without reaching the ESS
state of charge low level.
 “Power Back up” mode (PB) : the capacity of the ESS is to be sufficient to
supply the main switchboard during at least twice the time necessary to
start a stand-by source.
 “Zero Emission” mode (ZE) : the capacity of the ESS is to be such that ZE
mode can be maintained during a design autonomy period specified by
the designer and at least twice the time necessary to start a stand-by
source.

Electric hybrid modes
►Electric hybrid modes : Power Management Modes
Generating sets are operated
at constant optimum power. In
case of load fluctuations, the
ESS is charged or discharged.
In case of high load
fluctuations (e.g.
when a large
consumer is started
or stopped), the
corresponding
power is supplied or
absorbed by the
ESS, which avoids
starting or stopping
a generating set.
This applies in particular to DF
generating sets to enhance the
engine response to load
variations.

Operational modes +
Peak shaving
The goal is to supply peaks of a highly variable
load (e.g. during manoeuvring) and to avoid the
connection of an additional main generating set.
Unit absorbs sudden load changes and then
ramps the change over on running engines
Enhanced
dynamic mode
• reduce engine running
hours
• enable use of “slower”
engines;
– LNG/Dual Fuel engines
– Fuel Cells
Unit charges and discharges to optimize the
operational point of running engines
Load smoothing
mode
• ensure that energy is
produced at the lowest
cost
Different modes of BV Notationpowermanagement

Energy storageElectric- hybrid propulsion
Bridge to other BV notations
 Ensure that computerized systems fulfill their intended function at the required level of
reliability and dependability
 Provide a comprehensive framework to safely and cost efficiently carry out testing of
control systems in a simulated environment allowing testing beyond the normal range
of operation
Highly computerized systems
Comply with regulations
(IACS UR E22)
HWIL notation
Safe & cost-efficient testing
Cyber safety

Seaspan case
study03

2203/07/2018
About Seaspan
Care for the Environment
New LNG ferries
- Emissions profile
- Measurements
Challenges
Path Forward
OVERVIEW

2303/07/2018
THE SEASPAN COMPANIES
Vancouver Drydock Victoria DrydockVancouver Shipyards
Seaspan Marine Seaspan Ferries Marine Petrobulk

2403/07/2018
• Core Values of Safety and Care for Environment and our Community
• Member of Green Marine since 2011
• ISO 14001 Environment Systems, ISM Systems
Sustainability Priorities
Safe, efficient and environmentally responsible vessel operations
SEASPAN’S CORE VALUES
ISM certified

2503/07/2018
DIMENSIONS
• Length overall: 148.9m
• Breadth: 26.0m
• Depth: 7.0m
CAPACITY
• Cargo: 59 trailers (1034 LM)
POWER
• Propulsion Power: 4,400 kW
- 2 x Wartsila 9L34DF
- 546 kWh Hybrid system
• Propulsion Dual Fuel/Hybrid Electric
- LNG, Low Sulphur Diesel,
Batteries…..
SEASPAN FERRIES LNG/HYBRID FLEET REPLACEMENT PROGRAM

2603/07/2018
• Economies of scale
- bigger is better (and more efficient)
- New Vessels +40% in deck space
• Advanced hull design
- Reduced power per tonne by hull
shape and water flow ~10%
• Electric propulsion system
- Maximum engine load, minimum
cylinders
• Hybrid propulsion
- Boosting, Spinning Reserve
• Natural Gas engines
- Reduction in GHG
SEASPAN FERRIES NEW FLEET - KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES
Legacy Vessel
New Vessel

2703/07/2018
WELL TO WASH – THE COMPLETE PICTURE FROM LOCAL PERSPECTIVE
When considering EMISSIONS, we must consider the
complete lifecycle of the fuel, BUT you need to access YOUR
numbers!
• Knowledge of your source of fuels
- Extraction of feedstock
- Transport
- Fuel Production (refining or peak shaving)
- Distribution and Storage
- Delivery and Dispensing
- Vessel Operations
• Fair comparison
- Kg CO2eq/trailer/crossing
- Brings size and distance into equivalency

2803/07/2018
GHG EMISSIONS FROM FUEL SUPPLY
-200
1800
3800
5800
7800
9800
ULSD Supply
UNITS: g CO2eq/GJ

2903/07/2018
SHIP OPERATIONS – ENGINE EMISSIONS
224.1
137.8
110.2
0
50
100
150
200
250
Legacy Vessel (Diesel) Seaspan Swift (Diesel) Seaspan Swift (LNG)
CO2-equivalent GHG emissions
UNITS:
gCO2eq/trailer/crossing

3003/07/2018
VESSEL COMPARISON – PRODUCTION + OPERATION
57.4
33.4
13.4
164
101.9 89.3
221.4
135.3
102.7
Legacy Vessel Seaspan Swift
(Diesel)
Seaspan Swift
(LNG)
Fuel Production Vessel Operation
UNITS:
gCO2eq/trailer/crossing

3103/07/2018
REDUCTIONS IN EMISSIONS – THE COMPLETE
PICTURE
24%
54%
kgCO2/trailer/crossing

3203/07/2018
ONBOARD EMISSIONS MONITORING
• Black Carbon
• NOx
• SOx
• Hydrocarbons
• Methane
• GHG – CO2 eq

3303/07/2018
2017 – year of learning
• Change Management
- New technology, new challenges
- Ship side and shore side and supplier support side
• Operations profile – we are different
- Engine sensitivity
- Modified hybrid propulsion programming
- Maximizing efficiency
• Bunkering
- Planning, execution, review
• Delivering on Promises
CHALLENGES OF LNG/HYBRID SHIP OPERATIONS

BC Ferries Minor Hybrid NB vessels in Vancouver BC
• BC Ferries has awarded Damen Shipyards a contract to build two new minor class vessels that
are scheduled to go into service in 2020.
• A hybrid diesel electric - battery power generation and propulsion system is to be used on
board.
• The design allows for future expansion of the on board battery capacity to permit full electric
operation when the shore-side charging capacities are available.
• Engines Tier III will be operated on ultra-low sulphur diesel fuel.

WÄRTSILA AiP: Electric-hybrid tug
optimize performance over operational modes
 Standby/idling
 Transit
 Ship assist (towing)

 Manoeuvring at ZE mode in protected/restricted areas
 Requires considerable amount of batteries
 (Technical challenge : 12000 kW x 1’ = 200 kWh)
Large LNG Fuel Electric Hybrid cruise liner projects

Le Ponant: the world's first LNG Hybrid cruise ship
go beyond the current environmental regulations:
- zero emission mode on batteries
- use of LNG as fuel (reduction of SO2, NOX, CO2) + batteries to
support ramping up of DF engines

Thank you for your attention!
(Courtesy of LDA & ABB)

Electric hybrid bv rev3

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