This document discusses women in the workforce and leadership positions. It provides statistics showing that women earn high levels of education but are underrepresented in Fortune 500 leadership positions. Only 3% of Fortune 500 CEOs are women. The document also lists the 12 Fortune 500 companies that are led by women and their respective CEOs and company ranks. It discusses possible reasons for the gender wage gap and barriers that women face in advancing their careers.

1. Hult Women’s
Association 2012
WOMEN IN
WORKFORCE
What we should know about it
Gisele Feldman

2. Why women reach high education levels,
but don’t reach leading positions?
Women’s representation in Fortune 500 leadership positions.
Women earn 58% of Bachelors degrees+60% of Masters degrees+49% of Doctorates
So it’s not about lack of education
Gisele Feldman

3. The Gap is shrinking, but still, for the
same job, women get paid less
Men choose better paid jobs? Or Jobs pay men better? Women have different
preferences?
Source: OECD Employment Outlook 2010 & Wikipedia Gisele Feldman

4. Surprising Statistics? Women…
• In the U.S. earned 36.8% of MBAs in 2010-20111
• Make only 77.5 cents for every dollar that men earn2
• The more educated, the greater the disparity in her wages
• May work longer to receive promotions (and higher pay)
• With children earn 2.5% less than without (men=opposite)
• 3% of Fortune 500 CEO are women
1:The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, unpublished data (2011)
2. US Census 2003
3. NYT: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/01/business/20090301_WageGap.html?8dpc
4. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS. Volume 37, Number 1, 77-89, DOI: 10.1023/A:1014782118902
5. US Census: http://usgovinfo.about.com/cs/censusstatistic/a/womenspay.htm
6. Fortune Ranking 2011 Gisele Feldman

5. 12 Fortune 500 Companies run by women
• CEO Company Rank
• Bartz, Carol A. Yahoo 365
• Braly, Angela F. WellPoint 42
• Burns, Ursula M. Xerox 121
• Elsenhans, Lynn L. Sunoco 68
• Jung, Andrea Avon Products 226
• Kullman, Ellen J. DuPont 84
• Meyrowitz, Carol M. TJX 119
• Mooney, Beth E. KeyCorp 417
• Nooyi, Indra K. PepsiCo 43
• Rosenfeld, Irene B. Kraft Foods 49
• Sen, Laura J. BJ's Wholesale Club 221
• Woertz, Patricia A. Archer Daniels Midland 39
Gisele Feldman

6. Women Employment Situation
in Argentina

7. Women Employment Situation
• Only 8% of the Private Held Companies in the world are
led by a Woman (CEO).
• Worldwide, 20% of the High Level Position are occupied
by women.
• Some numbers in Latin America:
- Chile has 25% women in High level positions
- Brazil has 24% women in High Level positions
- Argentina has only 18% women in High level positions

8. What is going on in Argentina?
• 51% of the companies do not have women in their Board
od Directos. (vs 38% worldwide).
• 40% of the workforce is held by women
• Average women´s wage is 30% less than men
• Chauvinist culture (Women role: Raise children)
• Personal life vs Professional Life
• Lack of law and employment policies

9. However… there are Women CEOs
in successful companies…
• In 1990 María Luisa Fulgueira became the first woman
that was selected to be a CEO in Dow Corning (silicone
manufacture company).
2012:
•Microsoft
•PepsiCo
•Hewlett Packard (HP)
•Chandon,
•Banco Hipotecario

10. Thank you!

11. WOMEN IN OMAN
Sheikha Al-Barwani
January 16th 2011

12. Oman
• Part of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
• Bordered by the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia,
and Yemen.
• Population of almost 3 million
• Religion is Islam

13. Women’s Right
• Education
• Work
• Travel
• Drive 

14. Women in the Workforce
• Equal career opportunity & pay
• Examples: doctors, teachers, lawyers, CEOs,
accountants, journalists, police officers, armed
forces, engineers, artists, athletes and many more

15. Women in the Workforce
• 9 women serve in the State Council
• 2 female Omani ministers are currently appointed in Education &
Higher Education.
• The first female Ambassador was appointed to the Netherlands in
1999
• Another female Omani ambassador to the United States was
appointed in 2005 and is still acting.
• In 2003 an Omani woman was appointed head of the United Nations
Information Centre, based in Geneva, Switzerland.

16. Women in PDO
• 4 female directors out of a total of 10
• Offer higher education scholarships and training
• Support working mothers:
o Flexitime
o 10 working weeks of maternity leave
o Optional unpaid leave of up to 6 months
o 1 hour nursing time

17. Is there a Glass Ceiling?
A combination of two components:
• Glass: while it is very real, it is transparent and not obvious to the
observer
• Ceiling: there is a limit to how far someone can climb it.
If there is one, can we break it?
Gisele Feldman

18. Different Theories and Organizations
present diversity as a value
• Through diversity you can reach better results than with
homogenous smart people
• Diversity Prediction Theorem
• Crowd Error = individual error - diversity
• Theory buildt by a Michigan Profesor, Scott E Page: www.cscs.umich.edu/~spage

19. Do We Still Need Affirmative Actions?
positive steps taken to increase the representation of
women and minorities in areas of employment, education,
and business from which they have been historically
excluded. When those steps involve preferential
selection—selection on the basis of race, gender, or
ethnicity—affirmative action generates intense controversy1
Necessary remedy for …or unnecessary to
past and current reach equality and an
discrimination, and unconstitutional act?
essential to our
democracy…
Fullinwider, Robert, "Affirmative Action", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2011 Edition),
Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2011/entries/affirmative-action/>.

20. So, What Can We Do?
• Become Leaders: be present where decisions are made
• http://vimeo.com/18985647
Gisele Feldman