This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems. It describes all-air systems which can be single duct or dual duct. Single duct systems provide either cooling or heating through one duct, while dual duct systems provide both simultaneously. All-air systems are commonly used in buildings like offices, schools, and hospitals. The document also discusses air-and-water and all-water systems, which use both air and water or only water, respectively, for cooling and heating. Terminal units like fan coils are used with these systems. Proper duct design is important for effective air distribution and noise control.
Design options for hvac distribution systemsJASON KEMBOI
This document discusses design options for HVAC distribution systems. It describes centralized HVAC systems which have four main components: an energy supply, service generators, distribution components like ducts, and delivery components like diffusers. The document focuses on air distribution design options, which include all-air, all-water, and air-water systems. All-air systems deliver heated or cooled air through ducts, all-water uses water and terminal units, and air-water uses a combination. The best design considers architectural, financial, and performance constraints.
Introduction to hvac system, types of efficient hvac system and how it works. design recommendation for installation of hvac. air handling unit concept. case study.
This document provides an overview of HVAC systems and control strategies. It describes the basic principles of why automatic controls are needed for HVAC systems, common types of HVAC systems including self-contained units and central systems, parameters that are controlled like temperature, humidity, ventilation and pressure. It also summarizes different control strategies used for HVAC systems under part-load conditions like cycling, modulation, and staging.
HVAC is typically responsible for around 40% of the energy consumption in a building. Frequently, this is the largest energy consuming type of equipment on a site and can therefore provide significant scope for saving energy and money. This fact sheet covers common types of HVAC and will guide you in the right direction to identify energy efficient HVAC initiatives.
Maximizing energy efficiency in hotel HVAC systems: An energy modelling appro...IRJET Journal
The document presents an analysis comparing the energy efficiency and costs of two HVAC systems - chilled water and Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) - for a four-story, 95-room hotel in Bangalore, India over a 20-year period using energy modeling software. It describes the hotel project and HVAC systems considered. Key steps in the energy modeling process are outlined, including defining the building design and loads, HVAC system, and simulating and optimizing the system. The goal is to identify the most efficient and cost-effective HVAC option for the hotel project.
An AC system is not only cools the room, that system do many things to make our life comfortable. It removes dust and dirt and fill with fresh air
Air condition system makes our life very comfortable.
We can protect hot or cold weather by air conditioning system
1. The document discusses principles of air conditioning system design, including factors that affect comfort, steps in selecting a system, equipment used, and classifications of systems.
2. Systems are classified by purpose, season, arrangement of equipment, and fluid media used. Common classifications include comfort air conditioning, industrial, unitary, central, all-air, all-water, and air-water systems.
3. Descriptions of specific system types are provided, such as single duct constant volume systems, dual duct systems, and all-water systems.
Design options for hvac distribution systemsJASON KEMBOI
This document discusses design options for HVAC distribution systems. It describes centralized HVAC systems which have four main components: an energy supply, service generators, distribution components like ducts, and delivery components like diffusers. The document focuses on air distribution design options, which include all-air, all-water, and air-water systems. All-air systems deliver heated or cooled air through ducts, all-water uses water and terminal units, and air-water uses a combination. The best design considers architectural, financial, and performance constraints.
Introduction to hvac system, types of efficient hvac system and how it works. design recommendation for installation of hvac. air handling unit concept. case study.
This document provides an overview of HVAC systems and control strategies. It describes the basic principles of why automatic controls are needed for HVAC systems, common types of HVAC systems including self-contained units and central systems, parameters that are controlled like temperature, humidity, ventilation and pressure. It also summarizes different control strategies used for HVAC systems under part-load conditions like cycling, modulation, and staging.
HVAC is typically responsible for around 40% of the energy consumption in a building. Frequently, this is the largest energy consuming type of equipment on a site and can therefore provide significant scope for saving energy and money. This fact sheet covers common types of HVAC and will guide you in the right direction to identify energy efficient HVAC initiatives.
Maximizing energy efficiency in hotel HVAC systems: An energy modelling appro...IRJET Journal
The document presents an analysis comparing the energy efficiency and costs of two HVAC systems - chilled water and Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) - for a four-story, 95-room hotel in Bangalore, India over a 20-year period using energy modeling software. It describes the hotel project and HVAC systems considered. Key steps in the energy modeling process are outlined, including defining the building design and loads, HVAC system, and simulating and optimizing the system. The goal is to identify the most efficient and cost-effective HVAC option for the hotel project.
An AC system is not only cools the room, that system do many things to make our life comfortable. It removes dust and dirt and fill with fresh air
Air condition system makes our life very comfortable.
We can protect hot or cold weather by air conditioning system
1. The document discusses principles of air conditioning system design, including factors that affect comfort, steps in selecting a system, equipment used, and classifications of systems.
2. Systems are classified by purpose, season, arrangement of equipment, and fluid media used. Common classifications include comfort air conditioning, industrial, unitary, central, all-air, all-water, and air-water systems.
3. Descriptions of specific system types are provided, such as single duct constant volume systems, dual duct systems, and all-water systems.
Mechanical -Central HVAC Systems for Any ProjectGauravGujar7
This document provides an overview of central HVAC systems, including cooling and heating systems. It discusses air-cooled and water-cooled cooling systems such as split AC units, air-cooled chillers, water-cooled chillers, and VRF/VRV units. It also covers heating systems like gas-fired, heat pumps, electric heating. Central air handling components like air handling units, outside air intake, relief air and return air are explained. The goal is to understand different central plant systems and their applications.
Overview and Maintenanaces of HVAC system Srinath Menon
This document provides an overview and introduction to centralized air conditioning systems. It discusses the key components of a chilled water central air conditioning system, including chillers, cooling towers, air handling units, and grills. It describes how chilled water is circulated throughout a building to cool air in air handling units serving different floors. Issues commonly faced by maintenance personnel are also listed, such as surging problems, difficulty maintaining condenser approach, and ensuring proper water quality and flow rates. The document focuses on analyzing a large commercial building's HVAC system in Bangalore, India as a case study.
Centralized AC System- S Menon & S DayakarSrinath Menon
This document provides an overview and maintenance guide for centralized air conditioning systems. It begins with an introduction to air conditioning systems and their components. Chapter 2 focuses on the chiller plant room, describing chilled water central air conditioning systems and their key parts like chillers, cooling towers, pumps, and air handling units. The document also includes calculations for chiller tonnage and energy use.
Overview and Maintenanaces of HVAC system Srinath Menon
This document provides an overview and introduction to centralized air conditioning systems. It discusses the key components of a chilled water central air conditioning system, including chillers, cooling towers, air handling units, and grills. It describes how chilled water is circulated throughout a building to cool air in air handling units serving different floors. Issues commonly faced by maintenance personnel are also listed, such as surging problems, difficulty maintaining condenser approach, and ensuring proper water quality and flows. The document focuses on analyzing a large commercial building's HVAC system in Bangalore, India as a case study.
This document provides an overview and maintenance guide for centralized air conditioning systems. It begins with an introduction to air conditioning systems and their components. Chapter 2 focuses on the chiller plant room, describing chilled water central air conditioning systems and their key parts like chillers, cooling towers, pumps, and air handling units. The document also includes calculations for chiller tonnage and energy use.
Setty & Associates International is an engineering firm established in 2002 with 47 members specializing in mechanical, electrical, and other engineering disciplines. The document discusses and compares three options for mechanical systems for a building: self-contained roof top units, a chiller/boiler with air handling units, and a variable refrigerant flow system. Each option is described in one or two sentences.
This document summarizes an audit of the air conditioning system in the CICA building. The building has three floors and houses informatics resources for the local community. The current HVAC system does not provide enough cooling, causing high indoor temperatures that damage hardware. The goals of the audit are to evaluate the correct cooling capacity needed for four zones, verify air distribution efficiency, and assess ventilation. Modifications are proposed, including installing a centralized air/water system with a chiller and individual cooling coils in control units to better meet demand. Problems with the current system are also outlined.
A zoning system for HVAC allows different areas of a home to be heated or cooled to different temperatures. It uses dampers and thermostats to control airflow into each zone. As zone thermostats call for heating or cooling, the zoning control panel opens the corresponding damper and activates the HVAC unit to supply conditioned air only to that zone. Zoning systems save energy by not conditioning rooms that don't need it.
Energy Conservation Opportunities in industries at GCETJIGNESH PATEL
This document discusses opportunities for energy conservation in industries. It focuses on identifying major energy consuming equipment and systems and recommendations for improving their efficiency. Key areas covered include boilers and steam systems, compressed air, HVAC, pumps, fans/blowers, and electric motors. For each system, inefficiencies are identified and potential solutions proposed, such as improving maintenance, reducing air leaks, optimizing operations, and installing variable speed controls. The overall goal is to evaluate current energy usage and determine methods for quick savings through both operational and equipment improvements.
Centralized air conditioning systems serve multiple spaces from one central location using chilled water distribution and extensive ductwork. They have higher efficiencies than decentralized systems due to shared cooling capacity. Common centralized systems use central chillers and distribute chilled water to air handling units or fan coils. Decentralized systems have independent cooling units in each space and offer more flexibility but lower efficiency. Common applications of centralized systems include large buildings like hotels, malls, and airports.
An air handling unit (AHU) regulates and circulates air as part of an HVAC system. It contains components like filters, heating/cooling coils, fans, and controls. Filters remove dust from the air stream. Coils heat or cool the air. Fans circulate the air through the AHU and into ducts. Controls regulate factors like temperature, humidity, and air quality. Vibration isolators prevent noise and vibrations from transmitting through the ductwork. AHUs are constructed with metal frames and panels to house these components.
Air conditioning for large multistory buildingspnazila
Most large multistory buildings use centralized air conditioning equipment located on the roof or in the basement. The roof allows for fresh air intake and heat rejection while the basement provides easy utility connections and noise isolation. Common central air conditioning systems include central plants, variable air volume, terminal reheat, multizone, double duct, induction, and fan coil systems. Fan coil systems circulate air over hot or cold water coils in fan coil units located in individual zones to control temperature.
This document provides information on HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It discusses the history and basics of air conditioning, including the five parameters controlled by AC units. The key components of AC systems, including the evaporator, condenser, compressor, fan, and expansion valve, are described. Different types of HVAC systems are classified and explained, such as central AC, heat pumps, VRF systems, chilled water systems, window units, split units, and types of split units. Factors to consider for HVAC system design are also listed.
HVAC systems account for up to 35% of energy usage in manufacturing facilities. This document provides a checklist to assess opportunities to improve HVAC energy efficiency. It describes the basic components and design of HVAC systems and common efficiency measures like installing programmable thermostats, economizers, variable speed drives, and heat recovery systems. Regular maintenance, upgrades to premium efficiency equipment, and implementing energy management systems can significantly reduce HVAC energy costs.
PRESENTATION ON HVAC COOLING TOWERS AND CHILLERS.pdfDanielNgwenya
This presentation discusses HVAC and water systems. It provides an overview of different HVAC system types including single zone, multiple zone, constant volume, and variable air volume systems. It describes key HVAC components such as boilers, chillers, cooling towers, and their functions. The presentation also covers HVAC fundamentals like the refrigeration cycle and psychrometric charts. Source components that provide heating and cooling are defined along with distribution components that convey thermal energy throughout buildings.
This document provides an overview of air conditioning systems, including:
1. It classifies air conditioning systems as either unitary systems (window units, split units, package units) or central systems, and also classifies them based on the season (winter, summer, year-round).
2. Unitary systems are factory assembled while central systems are assembled on-site, and it describes the equipment that makes up each type of system.
3. When selecting a system, factors like customer objectives, economics, occupancy, and thermal load must be considered.
4. Air conditioning systems are also grouped into direct expansion, all-water, all-air, and air-water systems, and it provides
This document provides information on building management systems (BMS) and their role in managing different sub-systems like HVAC, lighting, security, air quality, and water systems. It describes the components and functions of HVAC, lighting, security, air quality monitoring and water systems. It also discusses communication and interface protocols commonly used for BMS, including BACnet, LONtalk, Modbus, PROFIBUS, KNX, and others. The document aims to outline the fundamentals of operating smart buildings through effective BMS.
While having good air quality is of paramount importance, but doing so, while saving energy is the sustainable need of the hour. Consistent Engineering Consultants participated in the HVACR Saudi Expo held at Riyadh International Exhibition Centre from 11th to 13th of March where our Mr. Ahmed Zeb, our Director of Operations presented a talk on Energy Optimisation and Building Ventilation Systems. He spoke about the need for energy conservation, energy optimisation and its role in structuring the building ventilation systems. Here's the presentation.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Mechanical -Central HVAC Systems for Any ProjectGauravGujar7
This document provides an overview of central HVAC systems, including cooling and heating systems. It discusses air-cooled and water-cooled cooling systems such as split AC units, air-cooled chillers, water-cooled chillers, and VRF/VRV units. It also covers heating systems like gas-fired, heat pumps, electric heating. Central air handling components like air handling units, outside air intake, relief air and return air are explained. The goal is to understand different central plant systems and their applications.
Overview and Maintenanaces of HVAC system Srinath Menon
This document provides an overview and introduction to centralized air conditioning systems. It discusses the key components of a chilled water central air conditioning system, including chillers, cooling towers, air handling units, and grills. It describes how chilled water is circulated throughout a building to cool air in air handling units serving different floors. Issues commonly faced by maintenance personnel are also listed, such as surging problems, difficulty maintaining condenser approach, and ensuring proper water quality and flow rates. The document focuses on analyzing a large commercial building's HVAC system in Bangalore, India as a case study.
Centralized AC System- S Menon & S DayakarSrinath Menon
This document provides an overview and maintenance guide for centralized air conditioning systems. It begins with an introduction to air conditioning systems and their components. Chapter 2 focuses on the chiller plant room, describing chilled water central air conditioning systems and their key parts like chillers, cooling towers, pumps, and air handling units. The document also includes calculations for chiller tonnage and energy use.
Overview and Maintenanaces of HVAC system Srinath Menon
This document provides an overview and introduction to centralized air conditioning systems. It discusses the key components of a chilled water central air conditioning system, including chillers, cooling towers, air handling units, and grills. It describes how chilled water is circulated throughout a building to cool air in air handling units serving different floors. Issues commonly faced by maintenance personnel are also listed, such as surging problems, difficulty maintaining condenser approach, and ensuring proper water quality and flows. The document focuses on analyzing a large commercial building's HVAC system in Bangalore, India as a case study.
This document provides an overview and maintenance guide for centralized air conditioning systems. It begins with an introduction to air conditioning systems and their components. Chapter 2 focuses on the chiller plant room, describing chilled water central air conditioning systems and their key parts like chillers, cooling towers, pumps, and air handling units. The document also includes calculations for chiller tonnage and energy use.
Setty & Associates International is an engineering firm established in 2002 with 47 members specializing in mechanical, electrical, and other engineering disciplines. The document discusses and compares three options for mechanical systems for a building: self-contained roof top units, a chiller/boiler with air handling units, and a variable refrigerant flow system. Each option is described in one or two sentences.
This document summarizes an audit of the air conditioning system in the CICA building. The building has three floors and houses informatics resources for the local community. The current HVAC system does not provide enough cooling, causing high indoor temperatures that damage hardware. The goals of the audit are to evaluate the correct cooling capacity needed for four zones, verify air distribution efficiency, and assess ventilation. Modifications are proposed, including installing a centralized air/water system with a chiller and individual cooling coils in control units to better meet demand. Problems with the current system are also outlined.
A zoning system for HVAC allows different areas of a home to be heated or cooled to different temperatures. It uses dampers and thermostats to control airflow into each zone. As zone thermostats call for heating or cooling, the zoning control panel opens the corresponding damper and activates the HVAC unit to supply conditioned air only to that zone. Zoning systems save energy by not conditioning rooms that don't need it.
Energy Conservation Opportunities in industries at GCETJIGNESH PATEL
This document discusses opportunities for energy conservation in industries. It focuses on identifying major energy consuming equipment and systems and recommendations for improving their efficiency. Key areas covered include boilers and steam systems, compressed air, HVAC, pumps, fans/blowers, and electric motors. For each system, inefficiencies are identified and potential solutions proposed, such as improving maintenance, reducing air leaks, optimizing operations, and installing variable speed controls. The overall goal is to evaluate current energy usage and determine methods for quick savings through both operational and equipment improvements.
Centralized air conditioning systems serve multiple spaces from one central location using chilled water distribution and extensive ductwork. They have higher efficiencies than decentralized systems due to shared cooling capacity. Common centralized systems use central chillers and distribute chilled water to air handling units or fan coils. Decentralized systems have independent cooling units in each space and offer more flexibility but lower efficiency. Common applications of centralized systems include large buildings like hotels, malls, and airports.
An air handling unit (AHU) regulates and circulates air as part of an HVAC system. It contains components like filters, heating/cooling coils, fans, and controls. Filters remove dust from the air stream. Coils heat or cool the air. Fans circulate the air through the AHU and into ducts. Controls regulate factors like temperature, humidity, and air quality. Vibration isolators prevent noise and vibrations from transmitting through the ductwork. AHUs are constructed with metal frames and panels to house these components.
Air conditioning for large multistory buildingspnazila
Most large multistory buildings use centralized air conditioning equipment located on the roof or in the basement. The roof allows for fresh air intake and heat rejection while the basement provides easy utility connections and noise isolation. Common central air conditioning systems include central plants, variable air volume, terminal reheat, multizone, double duct, induction, and fan coil systems. Fan coil systems circulate air over hot or cold water coils in fan coil units located in individual zones to control temperature.
This document provides information on HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It discusses the history and basics of air conditioning, including the five parameters controlled by AC units. The key components of AC systems, including the evaporator, condenser, compressor, fan, and expansion valve, are described. Different types of HVAC systems are classified and explained, such as central AC, heat pumps, VRF systems, chilled water systems, window units, split units, and types of split units. Factors to consider for HVAC system design are also listed.
HVAC systems account for up to 35% of energy usage in manufacturing facilities. This document provides a checklist to assess opportunities to improve HVAC energy efficiency. It describes the basic components and design of HVAC systems and common efficiency measures like installing programmable thermostats, economizers, variable speed drives, and heat recovery systems. Regular maintenance, upgrades to premium efficiency equipment, and implementing energy management systems can significantly reduce HVAC energy costs.
PRESENTATION ON HVAC COOLING TOWERS AND CHILLERS.pdfDanielNgwenya
This presentation discusses HVAC and water systems. It provides an overview of different HVAC system types including single zone, multiple zone, constant volume, and variable air volume systems. It describes key HVAC components such as boilers, chillers, cooling towers, and their functions. The presentation also covers HVAC fundamentals like the refrigeration cycle and psychrometric charts. Source components that provide heating and cooling are defined along with distribution components that convey thermal energy throughout buildings.
This document provides an overview of air conditioning systems, including:
1. It classifies air conditioning systems as either unitary systems (window units, split units, package units) or central systems, and also classifies them based on the season (winter, summer, year-round).
2. Unitary systems are factory assembled while central systems are assembled on-site, and it describes the equipment that makes up each type of system.
3. When selecting a system, factors like customer objectives, economics, occupancy, and thermal load must be considered.
4. Air conditioning systems are also grouped into direct expansion, all-water, all-air, and air-water systems, and it provides
This document provides information on building management systems (BMS) and their role in managing different sub-systems like HVAC, lighting, security, air quality, and water systems. It describes the components and functions of HVAC, lighting, security, air quality monitoring and water systems. It also discusses communication and interface protocols commonly used for BMS, including BACnet, LONtalk, Modbus, PROFIBUS, KNX, and others. The document aims to outline the fundamentals of operating smart buildings through effective BMS.
While having good air quality is of paramount importance, but doing so, while saving energy is the sustainable need of the hour. Consistent Engineering Consultants participated in the HVACR Saudi Expo held at Riyadh International Exhibition Centre from 11th to 13th of March where our Mr. Ahmed Zeb, our Director of Operations presented a talk on Energy Optimisation and Building Ventilation Systems. He spoke about the need for energy conservation, energy optimisation and its role in structuring the building ventilation systems. Here's the presentation.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
2. All Air Systems
• An all-Air System is defined as a system providing complete
sensible and latent cooling capacity in the cold air supplied by
the system.
• No additional cooling is required
• Can be briefly classified and are discussed here in to basic
categories:
1. Single duct systems, or
2. Dual duct systems
2
3. Cont ..
• The single duct systems can provide either cooling or heating
using the same duct, but not both heating and cooling
simultaneously. These systems can be further classified into:
1. Constant volume, single zone systems
2. Constant volume, multiple zone systems
3. Variable volume systems
• The dual duct systems can provide both cooling and heating
simultaneously. These systems can be further classified into:
1. Dual duct, constant volume systems
2. Dual duct variable volume systems
May 21, 2023 3
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
4. Cont …
• All-Air System can be adapted to all types of air conditioning
systems for comfort or process work.
• It is applied in off, schools, universities ,laboratories, hospitals,
stores, hotels and ships where they require individual control
of conditions.
May 21, 2023 4
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
5. Cont …
1. Single zone system: simplest form of the all-air system is a
single conditioner serving a single temperature zone.
-applied to small department stores, small individual
shops in shopping center, individual class rooms etc
A schematic of the single zone central unit is shown below:
May 21, 2023 5
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
6. Cont …
2. Multiple zone systems: for large building it is
usually not economical to provide a separate system
for each zone.
For such cases the basic control system concept is
expanded to meet the cooling and heating
requirements of the multi zone.
May 21, 2023 6
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
7. Schematic diagram of terminal reheat zone
May 21, 2023 7
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
a. Constant-air Volume Systems
8. Cont …
b. Variable-air Volume Systems: when air is the medium used to
balance the load, the designer may choose between varying the
supply air temperature constant volume) or varying the volume
(variable volume) as the space load changes.
• Variable air volume system (VAV) may be applied to interior or perimeter
zones with common or separate fan systems, common or separate air
temperature control, and with or without auxiliary heating devices.
• The variable volume concept may apply to volume variation in the main
system total air stream and/or to the zones of control.
• Variation of flow under control of a space thermostat may be
accomplished by positioning simple damper or a volume regulating
device in a duct, a pressure reducing device, or at the terminal diffuser or
grill.
May 21, 2023 8
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
9. Cont …
Cooling or Heating:
A single stream of cool air serves all the zones, and a thermostat in
each zone regulates a damper to control the flow rate of cool air into
the zone.
Application : in interior of an office building with no heating loads and
where only cooling loads prevail.
Diagram:
May 21, 2023 9
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
10. Cont …
ii. Dual Duct : conditions all the air in a central apparatus and
distributes it to the conditioned spaces through two parallel mains or
ducts. One duct carries cold air and the other warm air, thus
providing air sources for both heating and cooling at all times.
– In each conditioned space or zone, a mixing value responsive to a
room thermostat mixes the warm and cold air in proper proportions
to satisfy the prevailing heat load of the space.
– The dual duct system is very responsive to changes in load of the
zone and can simultaneously accommodate heating in some zones
and cooling in others
May 21, 2023 10
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
11. Schematic diagram of dual duct system
May 21, 2023 11
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
12. Cont …
The system experiences a problem at very light cooling loads where the
air flow rate drops off so much that poor air distribution and/or
ventilation results.
The heating only VAV system the same structures that shown above,
but a heating coil is used to provide the source for constant-
temperature warm air.
ii. Cooling –reheat VAV system:
• This system is the same as the above figure except that the branch
lines to each zone contains a reheat coil.
• The control sequence is that as the cooling load drops off, the damper
progressively reduces the flow rate of air until about 25 to 30% ful
flow rate . At this point the air flow rate remains constant and the
reheat coil is activated.
May 21, 2023 12
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
13. Cont …
• The VAV reheat system overcomes a number of deficiencies of the
cooling only VAV system since it provides a means of obtaining
adequate air distribution and ventilation without paying the energy
penalty incurred in constant volume reheat applications.
• In the VAV dual duct system, the arrangement is similar to the
conventional dual duct system of the above fig. except for the flow
characteristics of the mixing boxes. Instead of providing a constant
flow rate of mixed air , the dampers are arranged so that the warm and
cool air flow rates drop appreciably before the other streams begins to
supply air.
May 21, 2023 13
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
14. Cont …
• The VAV reheat and dual duct system provide all the flexibilities
of the conventional reheat and dual duct systems in the sense that
a zone can be accommodated as it switches from heating to
cooling requirements and that some zones on a system can be
provided with heating at the same that the other zones need
cooling. There is some thermal bucking in both the VAV reheat
and dual-duct systems but the magnitude of heating and cooling
energy cancellation is modest because the low air flow rates at
which the thermal bucking occurs.
May 21, 2023 14
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
15. AIR-AND -WATER SYSTEMS
• Accomplish space conditioning through the use of both air and
water source that are distributed to terminal units installed in
the habitable space.
• The air and water are cooled or heated in central mechanical
equipment rooms and distributed to the space in which comfort
conditions are being maintained.
• The most common types of terminal used with air and water
systems is the high pressure induction unit. The air supplied to
the induction unit is called primary air. It is distributed from
the central mechanical equipment room at high velocities
between 10 and 24m/sec. the water distributed to the induction
unit is called secondary water.
May 21, 2023 15
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
16. Cont …
• Air-and-Water systems are primarily applicable to multi zone
type exterior spaces of buildings where wide range of sensible
loads exists and where close control of humidity is not
required.
• Applications: hospitals, schools, apartment houses , research
laboratories
• Components: central air conditioning equipment, duct
distribution and water distribution systems and a room
terminal
• The air supply is generally constant volume and provides
outside clean air for ventilation
May 21, 2023 16
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
18. Cont…
• Category : Two-pipe, three-pipe , four-pipe systems. They are
basically similar in function and all incorporate both cooling
and heating capabilities for year round air conditioning.
• Their name is drive from the water distribution system:
two-pipe: the water distribution consists one supply and one
return pipe
three-pie: a cold water supply and warm water supply are
combined with a single common return pipe to make the water
distribution system
four-pipe : has cold water supply, cold water return, warm
water supply and warm water return
May 21, 2023 18
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
19. ALL- WATER SYSTEMS
• Accomplish both sensible and latent space cooling by
circulating chilled water from ac central refrigeration system
through cooling coils in terminal units located in building
occupied spaces.
• Most common terminals: Fan coil units, unit ventilators, and
valence units
• The all-water system usually provides individual room control,
with no cross contamination of recalculated air from one space
to another
May 21, 2023 19
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
21. Cont …
• Advantage:
– Reduced need for building space to the elimination or reduction of
central fan room and duct space requirements
– The system provides all of the benefits of a central water chilling and
heating plant, while retaining the ability to positively shut off local
terminals in unused areas
• Disadvantage :
– Requires much more maintenance than central all-air system and work
must be done in the occupied areas
– Each unit requires a condensate pan and drain system that must be
cleaned and flushed periodically.
– It is difficult to clean coils, should this be required.
– Filters are low in efficiency, small, and requires frequent changing
May 21, 2023 21
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
22. Duct Design and Fan Performance
• Commercial and residential and, industrial air duct system
design must consider
1) Space air diffusion
2) Space availability
3) Noise level
4) Duct leakage
5) Duct heat gain and losses
6) Balancing
7) Fire and smoke control
8) Initial investment
9) System operating cost
May 21, 2023 22
Air Conditionig and Refregeration
23. Cont …
• Deficiency in duct design can result in systems that operate
incorrectly or are expensive to own and operate.
• Poor air distribution can cause discomfort, less of productivity
and even adverse health effects
• Lack of sound attenuators may permit objectionable noise
level.
• Poorly designed duct work can result in unbalanced system
May 21, 2023 23
Air Conditionig and Refregeration