The document provides an overview of humanoid robots, detailing their components, materials used in construction, and applications. It emphasizes the importance of engineering materials for functionality and performance, discusses standard components like actuators and sensors, and presents a case study on Boston Dynamics' Atlas robot. Future developments and challenges in the field are also highlighted, focusing on advancements in materials science and robot capabilities.

1. GROUP 9 (C3)
HUMANOID
ROBOTS
STANDARD
COMPONENTS

2. TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Power, energy, wiring and
connectors
POWER & ENERGY
03
HUMANOID ROBOTS &
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
Intro to what humanoid robots
are plus the importance of
engineering materials.
01
ACTUATORS , MOTORS &
SENSORS
Learn more about the standard
actuators, motors and sensor
02
COVERS AND EXTERIORS
Learn the materials and top set
used in the exterior of
humanoid robots
04
CASE STUDY : BOSTON
DYNAMICS (ATLAS)
Little capsule look on the ATLAS
robot at Boston Dynamics..
05
06
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DEVELOPMENTS
Future modifications and
additions.
Facing the challenges

3. INTODUCTION TO
HUMANOID
ROBOTS

4. HUMANOID
ROBOTS
&
ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
Humanoid robots are machines
designed to resemble and mimic
human behavior, with applications
ranging from industrial automation to
healthcare and beyond.
Humanoid robots typically consist of
several standard components, each
serving specific functions to enable
the robot to perform various tasks
and mimic human movements to
some extent.
Engineering materials play a vital role in
the design and functionality of
humanoid robots.
They determine the robot's strength,
durability, weight, flexibility, and other
mechanical properties.
Understanding the materials used in
humanoid robot construction is crucial
for their design, functionality, and
performance
IMPORTANCE OF
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
WHAT ARE HUMANOID
ROBOTS?
Selecting the appropriate materials is
essential to ensure the robot meets
performance requirements and safety
standards.

5. ACTUATORS
,
MOTORS
&
SENSORS
I
ACTUATORS & MOTORS
Joints connect the various parts of the humanoid robot,
allowing movement and flexibility.
• Actuators, such as motors and hydraulics, provide the
force necessary for movement.
• Material: Various alloys, ceramics, and rare earth
magnets.
• Function: Convert electrical energy into mechanical
motion, allowing the robot to move.
Examples: DC motors, servo motors, stepper motors,
and hydraulic actuators.

6. ACTUATORS
,
MOTORS
&
SENSORS
II
Gyroscopes,
accelerometers, and
sometimes
magnetometers provide
information about
orientation, acceleration,
and rotational
movements.
INERTIAL
MEASUREMENT
UNITS (IMUS)
JOINT POSITION
SENSORS
Encoders or
potentiometers measure
the position of each joint,
allowing the robot to
control its movements
accurately.
VISION
SYSTEMS
Cameras enable the
robot to perceive objects,
people, and obstacles in
its surroundings.
TACTILE
SENSORS
Pressure sensors or tactile
arrays allow the robot to
sense touch, enabling it to
interact with objects and
humans more safely and
accurately.

7. POWER AND
ENERGY STORAGE
Humanoid robots require a power source to
operate their actuators, sensors, and control
systems.
This may involve rechargeable batteries or
tethered power sources depending on the
robot's intended use and mobility
requirements.
Material: Lithium-ion batteries, Nickel-metal
hydride batteries, Capacitors
Function: Store and supply electrical energy
to power the robot's electronics and actuators.

8. COVERS
AND
EXTERIORS
I
The structure of an Humanoid forms the
framework of the robot, providing support and
flexibility for movement.
Usually consists of lightweight materials Which
provide structural support and rigidity such as
Aluminum, Titanium, Carbon Fiber Composites
is made up 0f several components.
The structure of which consists of:
HEAD, TORSO, ARMS, LEGS, JOINTS &
ACTUATORS.
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

9. COVERS
AND
EXTERIORS
II
Most Often materials like Plastic, Polymers , Rubber and
Metals are utilized as suitable covers and exteriors for
features of the humanoid robots
The importance of these are to protect the internal
components from dust , moisture and physical damage
while keeping aesthetics in mind.
Examples: ABS, Polycarbonate, Aluminium panels,
Rubber gaskets.

10. DATA
VISUALIZATION
ABS PLASTIC
POLYCARBONAT
E
ALUMINIUM
PANELS
40%
30%
20%
Top Materials Used for Covers and
Exteriors in Humanoid Robots
ABS Plastic Polycarbonate Aluminum Panels Rubber
RUBBER 10%

11. WHY THESE MATERIALS ARE USED
ABS plastic is lightweight, durable, and can be easily
molded into complex shapes, making it suitable for
covering humanoid robot components. It provides
protection from dust, moisture, and physical
damage while maintaining an aesthetically pleasing
exterior.
Yes, this is the ringed
one. It’s a gas giant,
composed of hydrogen
and helium
SATURN
ABS PLASTIC
Polycarbonate offers high impact resistance and
transparency, making it ideal for areas where
visibility of internal components is necessary. It
provides excellent protection against impacts and
can withstand harsh environmental conditions.
POLYCARBONATE
Aluminum panels offer a balance of strength and
lightweight properties. They provide structural
support while covering critical components of
humanoid robots. Aluminum panels also contribute
to the overall rigidity of the robot's structure.
ALUMINIUM PANELS
Rubber is used for gaskets and seals to
provide additional protection against
dust, moisture, and vibration. It helps to
create a tight seal between components,
ensuring the internal electronics remain
safe from external elements.
RUBBER

12. Some Materials used in the wiring and connecting
process includes: Copper, Aluminum, Insulating
materials (e.g., PVC, Teflon)
These connectors are used to Transmit electrical signals
and power between components while ensuring
electrical safety and reliability.
WIRES
AND
CONNECTORS

13. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DEVELOPMENTS
Challenges: Balancing strength with weight,
optimizing energy efficiency, ensuring
durability and reliability.
Future Developments: Advancements in
materials science, such as self-healing
materials, nanotechnology, and biodegradable
materials, may revolutionize humanoid robot
construction.

14. CASE
STUDY
Atlas, developed by Boston Dynamics, is a humanoid
robot designed for various tasks like search and
rescue, disaster response, and industrial applications.
It stands about 1.5 meters tall, weighs around 80
kilograms, and has a human-like upper body with
articulated arms and a head, atop a platform-like
lower body with articulated legs.
Powered by a hydraulic system, Atlas boasts 28
hydraulic joints allowing a wide range of
movements including walking, running, jumping,
and even backflips. Its sensory suite includes
stereo cameras, LIDAR sensors, and IMUs for
balance and orientation, providing depth
perception and environmental awareness

15. CASE
STUDY
-
ATLAS
Recent versions feature battery
power, enhancing mobility and
versatility by eliminating the
need for a tether.
Atlas's applications span from
disaster response to industrial
tasks like inspection,
maintenance, and assembly,
making it a cutting-edge
advancement in robotics
technology, seamlessly
integrating mechanical design,
sensory perception, and artificial
intelligence.
Key specifications included:
- Height: 150 cm
- Weight: 80 kg
- Maximum Speed: 5.4 km/h
- Sensors: Lidar and stereo vision
- Actuators: Hydraulic actuation with
custom servo-valves
- Degrees of Freedom (DOF): 28
- Materials: 3D-printed parts with
embedded actuators and hydraulic
lines in leg structures
- Compute: Custom control and
computing system
- Software: Custom software
- Power: Battery powered

17. THANK YOU!
ANY QUESTIONS?