Title: Understanding Human Rights
Slide 1: Introduction
- Title: Understanding Human Rights
- Subtitle: Protecting the Dignity of Every Individual
- Your Name/Presenter's Name
- Date
Slide 2: What Are Human Rights?
- Definition: Fundamental rights and freedoms that every person is entitled to, simply because they are human.
- Universal: They apply to all people, regardless of race, nationality, gender, religion, or other status.
- Inherent: Human rights are not granted by the government; they are inherent to every human being.
Slide 3: Historical Background
- Begin with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).
- Key events that contributed to the development of human rights.
- Historical atrocities and the need for a global human rights framework.
Slide 4: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- Key principles:
- Equality and non-discrimination.
- Right to life, liberty, and security.
- Freedom from torture and slavery.
- Right to work, education, and more.
Slide 5: The International Bill of Human Rights
- Consists of three major documents:
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
- International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.
Slide 6: Categories of Human Rights
- Civil and Political Rights: Right to vote, freedom of speech, and more.
- Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights: Right to education, healthcare, and a standard of living.
- Collective Rights: Rights of indigenous people, minority groups, and self-determination.
- Solidarity Rights: Right to peace, a clean environment, and development.
Slide 7: Violations of Human Rights
- Discuss global examples of human rights violations.
- War crimes, discrimination, censorship, and police brutality.
- Emphasize the importance of accountability and justice.
Slide 8: Protecting Human Rights
- National governments: Enact and enforce laws that protect human rights.
- International organizations: United Nations, NGOs, and regional bodies play a role.
- Advocacy: The power of collective action to raise awareness and effect change.
Slide 9: Challenges and Controversies
- Balancing individual rights with societal interests.
- Cultural relativism vs. universalism.
- Emerging technologies and privacy concerns.
- Ensuring human rights in times of crisis (e.g., pandemic response).
Slide 10: Progress and Achievements
- Highlight milestones in the advancement of human rights.
- Cases of successful advocacy and change.
- Illustrate how human rights have improved lives globally.
Slide 11: The Future of Human Rights
- Address ongoing challenges.
- The role of the younger generation in advocating for human rights.
- Potential areas for development and reform.
Slide 12: Conclusion
- Summarize key points.
- Reiterate the importance of human rights for global peace and development.
Slide 13: Q&A
- Open the floor to questions and discussions.
Slide 14: Thank You
- Express gratitude to the audience for their
In India, laws focusing on women were enacted with the admirable goal of empowering women and shielding them from various sorts of violence, injustice, and discrimination. However, worries regarding the possible abuse of these rules have been voiced over time. This abstract examines the underlying causes, effects, and potential remedies to give insight on the complicated social realities surrounding the abuse of women-centric policies in India. There are many facets to the misuse of laws that target women, and there are no easy answers. Even though it is critical to recognize the prevalence of actual occurrences of gender-based violence and discrimination, there have been occasions in which these laws have been abused for vengeance, personal gain, or family feud resolution. Power relationships, sociocultural factors, and the ignorance and This issue is made worse by sensitivity to gender concerns. The abuse of laws pertaining to women has far-reaching effects. Men and their families have experienced false accusations against them, legal retaliation, social humiliation, and financial hardship. Furthermore, the legitimacy and trustworthiness of these laws have been called into question, which has resulted in a decrease in faith in the legal system. Misuse of this kind might unintentionally reinforce gender
In India, laws focusing on women were enacted with the admirable goal of empowering women and shielding them from various sorts of violence, injustice, and discrimination. However, worries regarding the possible abuse of these rules have been voiced over time. This abstract examines the underlying causes, effects, and potential remedies to give insight on the complicated social realities surrounding the abuse of women-centric policies in India. There are many facets to the misuse of laws that target women, and there are no easy answers. Even though it is critical to recognize the prevalence of actual occurrences of gender-based violence and discrimination, there have been occasions in which these laws have been abused for vengeance, personal gain, or family feud resolution. Power relationships, sociocultural factors, and the ignorance and This issue is made worse by sensitivity to gender concerns. The abuse of laws pertaining to women has far-reaching effects. Men and their families have experienced false accusations against them, legal retaliation, social humiliation, and financial hardship. Furthermore, the legitimacy and trustworthiness of these laws have been called into question, which has resulted in a decrease in faith in the legal system. Misuse of this kind might unintentionally reinforce gender
Development in Human Rights, Magna Carta, Brief introduction to U.N.Os dealing with Human Rights .. A very informative for Student in L.L.M and international laws, Students of Hazara University, B.Z.U multan and all around the Pakistan and other countries . ..
What are International Human Rights - David Ford Avon CTDavid Ford Avon Ct
David Ford Avon Ct is the one of best lawyer in the Glastonbury town who provide legal services. He is best know for his community service and help he provide to the immigrants.
Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
Development in Human Rights, Magna Carta, Brief introduction to U.N.Os dealing with Human Rights .. A very informative for Student in L.L.M and international laws, Students of Hazara University, B.Z.U multan and all around the Pakistan and other countries . ..
What are International Human Rights - David Ford Avon CTDavid Ford Avon Ct
David Ford Avon Ct is the one of best lawyer in the Glastonbury town who provide legal services. He is best know for his community service and help he provide to the immigrants.
Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
Are the X-Men Marvel or DC An In-Depth Exploration.pdfXtreame HDTV
The world of comic books is vast and filled with iconic characters, gripping storylines, and legendary rivalries. Among the most famous groups of superheroes are the X-Men. Created in the early 1960s, the X-Men have become a cultural phenomenon, featuring in comics, animated series, and blockbuster movies. A common question among newcomers to the comic book world is: Are the X-Men Marvel or DC? This article delves into the history, creators, and significant moments of the X-Men to provide a comprehensive answer.
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Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
Source: https://blogeternal.com/celebrity/crazyjamjam-leaks/
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As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
2. GENERAL
• Human rights are moral principles or norms, which describe certain standards
of human behavior, and are regularly protected as legal
rights in municipal and international law.
• Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable
rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice
and peace in the world...
— 1st sentence of the Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
— Article 1 of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3. HISTORY OF HUMAN RIGHTS
• The history of human rights can be traced to
past documents, particularly Constitution of
Medina (622), Al-Risalah al-Huquq (659-713),
Magna Carta (1215), the Twelve Articles of
Memmingen (1525), the English Bill of Rights
(1689), the French Declaration of the Rights of
Man and of the Citizen (1789), and the Bill of
Rights in the United States Constitution (1791).
• The modern sense of human rights can be
traced to Renaissance Europe and the
Protestant Reformation
• One of the oldest records of human rights is the
statute of Kalisz (1264)
4. 16TH-18TH CENTURY
• The issue of universal rights was introduced by Spanish clerics, such as
Francisco de Vitoria and Bartolomé de Las Casas.
• In the Valladolid debate, argued with Las Casas, who argued in favour of
equal rights to freedom from slavery for all humans regardless of race or
religion.
• 17th-century English philosopher John Locke discussed natural rights.
• In Britain in 1689, the English Bill of Rights made illegal a range of
oppressive governmental actions.
• Two major revolutions, in the United States (1776) and in France (1789),
leading to the United States Declaration of Independence and the French
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen respectively.
• The Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776 encoded into law a number of
fundamental civil rights and civil freedoms.
5. FRENCH DECLARATION
• We hold these truths to be self-evident, that
all men are created equal, that they are
endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable Rights, that among these are Life,
Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
-Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen approved by the National Assembly of
France, August 26, 1789
6. 19th century
• In the 19th century, human rights became a central concern over the issue of slavery.
• British Member of Parliament William Wilberforce, worked towards the abolition of the
Atlantic slave trade and abolition of slavery. This was achieved across the British Empire by
the Slave Trade Act 1807 and the Slavery Abolition Act 1833.
• 13th amendment, banning slavery, the 14th amendment, assuring full citizenship and civil
rights to all people born in the United States, and the 15th amendment, guaranteeing
African Americans the right to vote.
• In Europe and North America, labour unions brought about laws granting workers the right
to strike, establishing minimum work conditions and forbidding or regulating child labour.
• The women's rights movement succeeded in gaining for many women the right to vote.
• The establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross, the 1864 Lieber Code
and the first of the Geneva Conventions in 1864 laid the foundations of International
humanitarian law, to be further developed following the two World Wars.
7. 20TH CENTURY
• The League of Nations was established in 1919 at the negotiations over the
Treaty of Versailles following the end of World War I.
• At the 1945 Yalta Conference, the Allied Powers agreed to create a new body to
supplant the League's role. This was to be the United Nations.
• The United Nations now make up international humanitarian law and
international human rights law.
• Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam:
The CDHR was signed by member states of the OIC in 1990 at the 19th
Conference of Foreign Ministers held in Cairo, Egypt.
"All men are equal in terms of basic human dignity and basic obligations and
responsibilities, without any discrimination on the basis of race, colour, language,
belief, sex, religion, political affiliation, social status or other considerations. True
religion is the guarantee for enhancing such dignity along the path to human
integrity.
8. CLASSIFICATION
• At an international level the most common categorisation of human rights
has been to split them into civil and political rights, and economic, social and
cultural rights.
• However, there are three major classifications:
9. Indivisibility
• The UDHR included both economic, social and cultural rights and civil and
political rights because it was based on the principle that the different rights
could only successfully exist in combination.
• The indivisibility and interdependence of all human rights has been
confirmed by the 1993 Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action:
All human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and related.
The international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and
equal manner, on the same footing, and with the same emphasis.
— Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, World Conference on Human
Rights, 1993
This statement was again endorsed at the 2005 World Summit in New York
(paragraph 121).
10. Categorization
Economic, social and cultural rights
are argued to be:
• aspirations or goals
• ideologically divisive/political
• non-justiciable
• Positive
• Progressive
• resource-intensive
• Socialist
• vague
Similarly civil and political rights
are categorized as:
• capitalist
• cost-free
• immediate
• justiciable
• negative
• non-ideological/non-political
• precise
• real 'legal' rights
11. THREE GENERATIONS
• Out of these generations, the third generation is the most debated and lacks
both legal and political recognition.
• Some human rights are said to be "inalienable rights". The term inalienable
rights (or unalienable rights) refers to "a set of human rights that are
fundamental, are not awarded by human power, and cannot be
surrendered."
Three generations
Civil and political
rights
Economic, social
and cultural rights Solidarity rights
12. UNITED NATIONS
• The foundation of the United Nations
and the provisions of the United Nations
Charter provided a basis for a
comprehensive system of international
law and practice for the protection of
human rights.
• The Universal Declaration of Human
Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the
United Nations General Assembly in
1948.
• Canadian law professor John Humphrey
and French lawyer René Cassin were
responsible for much of the cross-national
research and the structure of the
document respectively, but the document
was structured by Cassin.
13. UNITED NATIONS
• The purposes of the UN:
1. to achieve international cooperation
in solving international problems of
an economic, social, cultural, or
humanitarian character
2. promoting and encouraging respect
for human rights and for
fundamental freedoms for all
without distinction as to race, sex,
language, or religion
The United Nations shall
promote:
higher standards of living, full
employment, and conditions of
economic and social progress and
development
solutions of international economic,
social, health, and related problems
international cultural and educational
cooperation
universal respect for, and observance
of, human rights and fundamental
freedoms for all without distinction as
to race, sex, language, or religion.
14. INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
• Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
(CEDAW) (adopted 1979, entry into force: 1981)
• Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD)
(adopted 1966, entry into force: 1969)
• Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) (adopted 2006,
entry into force: 2008)
• Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (adopted 1989, entry into force:
1989)
• United Nations Convention Against Torture (CAT) (adopted 1984, entry into
force: 1987)
• International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers
and Members of their Families (adopted 1990, entry into force: 2003)
• The Geneva Conventions came into being between 1864 and 1949 as a result of
efforts by Henry Dunant, the founder of the International Committee of the Red
Cross.
15. POLITICAL BODIES
The United Nations Security Council has the primary responsibility for
maintaining international peace and security
The United Nations General Assembly, under Article 13 of the UN Charter,
has the power to initiate studies and make recommendations on human
rights issues.
The United Nations Human Rights Council, created at the 2005 World
Summit to replace the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, has a
mandate to investigate violations of human rights.
16. Non-governmental actors
• International non-governmental human rights
organisations such as Amnesty International,
Human Rights Watch, International Service for
Human Rights and FIDH monitor what they see as
human rights issues around the world and promote
their views on the subject.
• A new (in 2009) non-governmental human-rights
conference is the Oslo Freedom Forum.
• Amnesty International (commonly known as
Amnesty and AI) is a non-governmental
organization focused on human rights that claims to
have over 7 million members and supporters around
the world.
17. Substantive rights
Right to life
Freedom from torture
Freedom from slavery
Right to a fair trial
Freedom of speech
Freedom of thought, conscience and religion
Freedom of movement
Sexual and reproductive rights
World Health Organisation
Sexual orientation and gender identity