This document discusses optimizing the dimensions of the main cylinder on a carding machine through finite element analysis to minimize deflection. It begins with background on carding machines and the loads acting on the main cylinder. Previous work reduced maximum deflection by 22% using internal reinforcement rings. The current work aims to further optimize the cylinder bottom shape and dimensions to reduce deflection by approximately 80% using ANSYS finite element software. The results could enable new microfiber carding technologies and improved quality for traditional wool carding.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Simulation and Analysis of 45 Steel Cutting Force On Turning Cutting Process ...IJRES Journal
Based on function of the large deformation analysis module of ABAQUS system,the orthogonal cutting process of 45 steel was simulated and analyzed by using FEM software. Using the failure criterion of Johnson - Cook realize the separation of the chip and workpiece, using the adaptive meshing technique(ALE), and the phenomenon of the hourglass control and post-processing.The influences of cutting parameters on cutting force were analyzed and discussed. It was found that simulation results were to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
The document compares the results of 2D and 3D static finite element analysis on a piston model of an internal combustion engine. Both plane42 axi-symmetric and solid45 3D elements were used to model the piston geometry. The stress distributions and displacements from both analyses were compared. While the stress and displacement trends were similar, the actual values differed. The 3D analysis provided results that more closely matched theoretical values. It was concluded that the 3D analysis better represents the structural behavior and is preferable over 2D analysis for complex piston problems.
Conventional Design Calculation &3D Modeling of Metal Forming Heavy duty Hydr...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes the design and 3D modeling of a heavy-duty hydraulic press with a 300-ton capacity. It first describes performing conventional design calculations to size the main structural components, including beams, hydraulic cylinder, end caps, and glands. Finite element analysis is then conducted on a 3D model of the press to optimize the design and validate the stress levels calculated through conventional methods. The summary concludes that the conventional calculations estimated a stress of 150 kg/cm2 in the cylinder mounting plate, and further finite element analysis will be used to optimize the design.
Simulation of Deep-Drawing Process of Large Panelstheijes
The article deals with the analysis of formability of deep-drawing DC06 steel sheets. The aim of the investigations is to verify possibilities of formability of sheet metal with thickness of 0.85 mm. The mechanical parameters of the sheets have been determined in uniaxial tensile and bulge tests. The numerical simulations using AUTOFORM has been carried out for two drawpiece models. Obtained results can be used during the simulation of real forming process.
Assessment & Optimization of Influence of Some Process Parameters on Sheet Me...IRJET Journal
This document discusses optimization of sheet metal blanking process parameters through experimental studies and modeling. The study aims to assess how sheet thickness, clearance, wear radius, and shear angle influence burr height, accuracy, and circularity in blanking medium carbon steel. Experiments were conducted using an orthogonal array to evaluate these parameters. Response tables and graphs identified optimal levels for blanking. Taguchi's Grey Relational Analysis was found to be an effective technique for parameter optimization in blanking. The document provides background on blanking process mechanics and definitions various die and press components.
This document presents a method for estimating cutting forces in ball-end milling of sculptured surfaces. The method involves developing a new chip thickness model based on analyzing the relative tool-part motion to account for toolpath patterns, varying feedrates, and tool geometry. Using the new chip thickness model, differential cutting forces are calculated for each engaged cutting edge segment and integrated to determine the resultant cutting force. The method is validated through experiments on a sculptured surface with curved toolpaths under various cutting conditions, showing the effectiveness of the proposed force estimation approach.
Study of split punch and die of the sheet metal blanking process for length c...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Simulation and Analysis of 45 Steel Cutting Force On Turning Cutting Process ...IJRES Journal
Based on function of the large deformation analysis module of ABAQUS system,the orthogonal cutting process of 45 steel was simulated and analyzed by using FEM software. Using the failure criterion of Johnson - Cook realize the separation of the chip and workpiece, using the adaptive meshing technique(ALE), and the phenomenon of the hourglass control and post-processing.The influences of cutting parameters on cutting force were analyzed and discussed. It was found that simulation results were to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
The document compares the results of 2D and 3D static finite element analysis on a piston model of an internal combustion engine. Both plane42 axi-symmetric and solid45 3D elements were used to model the piston geometry. The stress distributions and displacements from both analyses were compared. While the stress and displacement trends were similar, the actual values differed. The 3D analysis provided results that more closely matched theoretical values. It was concluded that the 3D analysis better represents the structural behavior and is preferable over 2D analysis for complex piston problems.
Conventional Design Calculation &3D Modeling of Metal Forming Heavy duty Hydr...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes the design and 3D modeling of a heavy-duty hydraulic press with a 300-ton capacity. It first describes performing conventional design calculations to size the main structural components, including beams, hydraulic cylinder, end caps, and glands. Finite element analysis is then conducted on a 3D model of the press to optimize the design and validate the stress levels calculated through conventional methods. The summary concludes that the conventional calculations estimated a stress of 150 kg/cm2 in the cylinder mounting plate, and further finite element analysis will be used to optimize the design.
Simulation of Deep-Drawing Process of Large Panelstheijes
The article deals with the analysis of formability of deep-drawing DC06 steel sheets. The aim of the investigations is to verify possibilities of formability of sheet metal with thickness of 0.85 mm. The mechanical parameters of the sheets have been determined in uniaxial tensile and bulge tests. The numerical simulations using AUTOFORM has been carried out for two drawpiece models. Obtained results can be used during the simulation of real forming process.
Assessment & Optimization of Influence of Some Process Parameters on Sheet Me...IRJET Journal
This document discusses optimization of sheet metal blanking process parameters through experimental studies and modeling. The study aims to assess how sheet thickness, clearance, wear radius, and shear angle influence burr height, accuracy, and circularity in blanking medium carbon steel. Experiments were conducted using an orthogonal array to evaluate these parameters. Response tables and graphs identified optimal levels for blanking. Taguchi's Grey Relational Analysis was found to be an effective technique for parameter optimization in blanking. The document provides background on blanking process mechanics and definitions various die and press components.
This document presents a method for estimating cutting forces in ball-end milling of sculptured surfaces. The method involves developing a new chip thickness model based on analyzing the relative tool-part motion to account for toolpath patterns, varying feedrates, and tool geometry. Using the new chip thickness model, differential cutting forces are calculated for each engaged cutting edge segment and integrated to determine the resultant cutting force. The method is validated through experiments on a sculptured surface with curved toolpaths under various cutting conditions, showing the effectiveness of the proposed force estimation approach.
Study of split punch and die of the sheet metal blanking process for length c...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Static Analysis of Cutting Tool using Finite Element ApproachIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used finite element analysis to examine the static stress on a single point cutting tool under different tool geometry parameters. A CAD model of the cutting tool and workpiece was created in ANSYS. The tool's total deformation and von Mises stress were calculated for variations in relief angle, back rake angle, and chip formation. The results showed that increasing the relief angle and back rake angle decreased tool stress levels significantly. A positive back rake angle helped move chips away from the workpiece and led to easier material shearing over compression. Continuous chip formation with a positive rake angle also helped maintain tool safety during hard material cutting. In conclusion, a positive rake angle is preferred for machining
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Verification of areas of i.s. rolled steel sectionseSAT Journals
Abstract General Steel Structures are designed using standard steel sections. The design is governed by the Code IS 800-2007, and the standard steel sections are chosen from SP: 6(1)-1964.The standard steel sections regularly used in construction are, I, Channel, Tee and Angle (Equal & Unequal) sections, i.e., overall 252 sections. SP: 6(1)-1964 gives the sectional properties of all these 252 standard sections, including the cross sectional areas, for the use of designers, to select the most stable and economical section to satisfy the loading conditions of the structure. An economical section is one which has the least cross sectional area and hence, least weight. In SP: 6(1)-1964, the cross sectional areas are given in cm2 to an accuracy of two decimal places. In this paper, the accuracy of the areas of all these sections, except ISHB sections (all IS Heavy Beams) and ISWB 600 @ 145.1 kg/m, i.e., totally 234 sections, are verified in mm2 to an accuracy of two decimal places. The results show differences in values of areas for eight Tee-sections only, which have been tabulated. Cross sectional areas of all other 226 sections perfectly match with the values given in SP: 6(1)-1964. Index Terms: IS 800-2007, SP: 6(1)-1964, Cross Sectional Areas
This summary provides the key points about a study on simulating machining deformation and experiments for thin-walled titanium alloy parts:
1) A finite element simulation was conducted to analyze deformation regularity and cutting force variations for milling thin-walled titanium alloy parts with a ball-end milling cutter.
2) Experiments were also performed to machine thin-walled parts and measure cutting forces, which validated the accuracy of the cutting force model developed based on the simulations.
3) Both the simulation and experimental results showed good agreement and provided an effective basis for further control of machining deformation in thin-wall titanium alloy parts.
Stretch Forming Setup Design & Development Sahil Dev
This document outlines the design and development of a stretch forming setup. It discusses various metal forming processes including compressive, tensile, and combined forming. It then focuses on stretch forming and describes simple and tangential stretch forming. The document provides details of the designed stretch forming setup, including bill of materials, component design calculations, and working. It concludes with future plans to design a die and test the setup.
Pin Profile and Shoulder Geometry Effects in Friction Stir Spot Welded Polyme...theijes
The effects pin profile and shoulder geometry in friction stir spot welded polymer sheets were studied. Six different tool pin geometries were testedin friction stir spot welding(FSSW). The effects of tool shoulder diameter and shoulder cavity angle were also investigated. In the tests 4 mm thick high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) were used. All the welding operations were done at the room temperature. Lap-shear tensile tests were carried out to find the weld static strength. Weld cross section appearance observations were also examined. From the experiments the effect of pin profile and shoulder geometry on friction stir spot weld formation and weld strength were determined. The tapered cylindrical pin was found the optimum pin profile. 30 mm shoulder diameter and 6o shoulder cavity angle gave the best results.
Simulation study on the fracture splitting process parameters of the large en...IJRES Journal
Connecting rod as the key parts of the engine, its manufacturing quality directly affect the engine
performance and reliability[1]. Compared with the traditional manufacturing process, the modern manufacturing
process of the big end of the connecting rod is the fracture splitting process. Not only the quality of the
manufacturing has been improved, the cost has been reduced, the efficiency is improved, the technology has
been improved, and it can ensure the precise positioning and assembly between the two, eliminate the relative
motion, improve the NVH performance of the engine, meanwhile, improve the overall strength of the
connecting rod. This paper focuses on the problem of Separated Surface in the fracture splitting process, using
finite element software to simulate the fracture splitting process parameters to find the best fracture splitting
force to reduce and avoid the occurrence of the problem of Separated Surface.
The comparative study of die cushioning force in u bending process using feaeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The document reviews design parameters and forces that must be considered for cylindrical deep drawing operations. It provides analytical formulas to calculate the radius of the draw ring, height of the cylindrical draw ring, clearance between the punch and draw ring, dimensions of the punch and draw ring, punch nose radius, blank holder pressure and force, and draw force. The formulas allow determining stresses on die elements to optimize costs without compromising function.
This document provides information on machining processes and machine tools. It discusses machine tools and their functions in machining operations like holding the workpiece, positioning the tool, and providing power. It also covers the mechanics of machining, important machining parameters like chip thickness and rake angle. It explains the mechanism of chip formation, shear angle, shear strain, and velocity diagrams. It discusses different types of chips and provides information on cutting forces, temperatures generated during machining, and classification of cutting tools.
A checking fixture design of corrugated pieces in Clutch assembly of automobi...IJRES Journal
The document describes the design of a checking fixture for corrugated pieces in a clutch assembly of an automobile gearbox. The fixture aims to identify different types of corrugated pieces which only have subtle differences in thickness and corrugation points. A displacement sensor measures the corrugation points and compares to preset data to determine the piece type. Finite element analysis showed the original design applied too much pressure, deforming pieces. The optimized design uses only the probe's weight to prevent deformation and more accurately identify piece types. This improves production line efficiency and reduces rejection rates.
DESIGN OF FIXTURE OF CONNECTING ROD FOR BORING OPERATIONijsrd.com
Connecting rod is very important part of engine. It should be accurately machined with the acceptable tolerance. Also the fluctuations of dimensions in work-piece to work piece should be minimum so that it will be easier to assemble in engine. But it has been observed that the required dimensions for the bolt diameter and smaller end diameter for the connecting rod are not continuously achievable by using the existing fixture. The diameters required of the bolts and the smaller end of the said connecting rod are 10±0.05 mm and 24±0.01 mm respectively The aim of this project is to design and development of a new fixture for machining (Boring) operation using designing software's i.e. Pro E and analysis using ANSYS ,which can eliminate the said problems. And the production rate will also increase up to 15% which is quite objective. So for that, a new hydraulic fixture is designed and observed that dimensional accuracy, increased production rate up to 15% and more output per day with boring operation. Which defines process is satisfactory enough and validates the project.
1) A finite element model was developed and validated to simulate chip formation and breakage during metal cutting of AISI 4130 steel. The model was validated by comparing predicted and measured cutting forces and chip thickness over a range of cutting conditions.
2) The model uses an adaptive remeshing technique and material model to capture the large deformations during chip formation. A stress-based failure criterion is used to predict chip breakage from tensile stresses induced during chip curling.
3) Predicted chip breakage was qualitatively and quantitatively compared to experimental results for two chip breaker geometries, showing good agreement between simulation and testing.
Finite element modeling of the broaching process of inconel718Phuong Dx
This document summarizes a study that used finite element modeling to simulate the broaching process of Inconel718. The study compared simulation results to experimental data and found good agreement for cutting forces. Models for cutting forces as functions of cutting parameters were developed based on simulation results. Additionally, the effects of rake angle and rising per tooth on chip curling and gullet area ratios were examined. Increasing rake angle or decreasing rising per tooth decreased chip curling diameter. Simulated chip curling diameters and area ratios were larger than recommended design values, suggesting gullet dimensions could be increased to improve chip flow.
This document provides an overview of gear generation and finishing operations. It defines key gear terminology and describes various methods for manufacturing gears, including gear shaping, gear hobbing, and other machining processes. Gear shaping involves cutting gear teeth using a reciprocating multipoint cutter. Gear hobbing uses a rotating cutter called a hob to cut teeth as it is fed into a rotating gear blank. The document explains the processes, parameters, advantages and limitations of various gear cutting methods.
IRJET- Estimating Crushing Force of Cone Crusher using Analytical MethodIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the crushing force of a cone crusher using an analytical method. It presents a simplified formula to calculate the crushing force based on parameters like hydraulic cylinder pressure, diameter, weight of the moving cone, and dynamic cone angle. Applying the formula for a sample cone crusher, the normal operating crushing force is calculated as 832kN and maximum crushing force due to uncrushable material is 1028kN. There is approximately 24% error between the analytical method and experimental data, mainly due to differences in pressure rise when uncrushable material is present. The analytical method provides a way to estimate crushing forces for design of cone crusher components.
IRJET-Surface Roughness Modeling of Titanium Alloy GrindingIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on modeling surface roughness in the grinding of titanium alloy. It aims to develop a predictive surface roughness model that relates surface roughness values to process variables like speed and depth of cut. An analytical model is developed considering factors like elastic deflections, plowing effects, and thermal effects. MATLAB simulations are also used to model the grinding wheel profile and ground surface to directly predict surface roughness. Experimental grinding tests will be conducted to validate the results from the analytical model and simulations.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document analyzes the motion laws of machining non-spherical shapes using electric discharge machining (EDM) with a rotary electrode. It introduces the shaping principle, which involves rotating the electrode and workpiece at adjustable angles to sculpt the desired non-spherical shape. The document establishes universal mathematical models to describe the motion of the rotary electrode relative to the workpiece in three dimensions. This mathematical modeling lays the foundation for computer simulation and development of real machining systems for non-spherical EDM.
Parametric study on slender column for flat plate structureeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper deals with effect of slender column on flat plate structure. The column is called slender if the height of is increased for functional purpose. The study is conducted on 18 flat-plate reinforced cement concrete (RCC) structural models. Among these18 models, 54 columns at three different locations (i.e. corner, edge and inner columns) are chosen for study. The models are developed using ETABS Software. Parametric study is performed by considering six different height of column ranging from 3048 mm to 6858 mm, using an increment of 762 mm along with three slab panels of size 4572 mm x 4572 mm, 6096 mm x6096 mm and 7620 mm x 7620 mm with five panels in both ways, considering both gravity and environmental load. The effect of slenderness ratio on load carrying capacity, design load and steel ratio is considered along with this the effect of additional moment due to slender compression member is also taken into account. It is observed that, columns in flat-plate structures are generally very sensitive if they are slender. It is observed that as the column length increases from 5502 mm and further, the steel ratio suddenly increases and it exceeds maximum allowed. As slenderness ratio increases, ratio of design load to the critical buckling load increases. Also resulting in increase of additional moment, decreasing load carrying capacity of column. This forces the design engineer to study effect of different parameter of the structure while designing high rise flat plate structure. Keywords: Flat Plate Structure, ETABS, Slenderness, Environmental load, design load and buckling load.
Effect of punch profile radius and localised compressioniaemedu
This document discusses springback in V-bending of high strength steel sheets. It presents results from an experimental investigation and finite element analysis simulation of the effects of punch profile radius and localized compression on springback. The experimental results showed that increasing punch radius or decreasing sheet thickness increases springback, while applying localized compressive stress through bottoming the punch can compensate for springback. The finite element analysis validated the experimental findings. The document provides background on springback in bending, methods to compensate for it, and details of the materials testing and modeling approach used in the study.
This document describes the design and construction of a connecting rod. It begins with the objectives of studying the connecting rod, understanding its function, designing it using CAD, and constructing a physical model. It then provides an introduction to connecting rods, explaining that they connect the piston to the crankshaft and transmit reciprocating motion to rotational motion. The document discusses different manufacturing processes for connecting rods and compares their strengths. It presents the design process for the connecting rod, showing calculations for dimensions. Examples are provided of both the CAD model and physical constructed connecting rod. Materials used and their properties are also outlined.
IRJET- Static Analysis of Cutting Tool using Finite Element ApproachIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used finite element analysis to examine the static stress on a single point cutting tool under different tool geometry parameters. A CAD model of the cutting tool and workpiece was created in ANSYS. The tool's total deformation and von Mises stress were calculated for variations in relief angle, back rake angle, and chip formation. The results showed that increasing the relief angle and back rake angle decreased tool stress levels significantly. A positive back rake angle helped move chips away from the workpiece and led to easier material shearing over compression. Continuous chip formation with a positive rake angle also helped maintain tool safety during hard material cutting. In conclusion, a positive rake angle is preferred for machining
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Verification of areas of i.s. rolled steel sectionseSAT Journals
Abstract General Steel Structures are designed using standard steel sections. The design is governed by the Code IS 800-2007, and the standard steel sections are chosen from SP: 6(1)-1964.The standard steel sections regularly used in construction are, I, Channel, Tee and Angle (Equal & Unequal) sections, i.e., overall 252 sections. SP: 6(1)-1964 gives the sectional properties of all these 252 standard sections, including the cross sectional areas, for the use of designers, to select the most stable and economical section to satisfy the loading conditions of the structure. An economical section is one which has the least cross sectional area and hence, least weight. In SP: 6(1)-1964, the cross sectional areas are given in cm2 to an accuracy of two decimal places. In this paper, the accuracy of the areas of all these sections, except ISHB sections (all IS Heavy Beams) and ISWB 600 @ 145.1 kg/m, i.e., totally 234 sections, are verified in mm2 to an accuracy of two decimal places. The results show differences in values of areas for eight Tee-sections only, which have been tabulated. Cross sectional areas of all other 226 sections perfectly match with the values given in SP: 6(1)-1964. Index Terms: IS 800-2007, SP: 6(1)-1964, Cross Sectional Areas
This summary provides the key points about a study on simulating machining deformation and experiments for thin-walled titanium alloy parts:
1) A finite element simulation was conducted to analyze deformation regularity and cutting force variations for milling thin-walled titanium alloy parts with a ball-end milling cutter.
2) Experiments were also performed to machine thin-walled parts and measure cutting forces, which validated the accuracy of the cutting force model developed based on the simulations.
3) Both the simulation and experimental results showed good agreement and provided an effective basis for further control of machining deformation in thin-wall titanium alloy parts.
Stretch Forming Setup Design & Development Sahil Dev
This document outlines the design and development of a stretch forming setup. It discusses various metal forming processes including compressive, tensile, and combined forming. It then focuses on stretch forming and describes simple and tangential stretch forming. The document provides details of the designed stretch forming setup, including bill of materials, component design calculations, and working. It concludes with future plans to design a die and test the setup.
Pin Profile and Shoulder Geometry Effects in Friction Stir Spot Welded Polyme...theijes
The effects pin profile and shoulder geometry in friction stir spot welded polymer sheets were studied. Six different tool pin geometries were testedin friction stir spot welding(FSSW). The effects of tool shoulder diameter and shoulder cavity angle were also investigated. In the tests 4 mm thick high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) were used. All the welding operations were done at the room temperature. Lap-shear tensile tests were carried out to find the weld static strength. Weld cross section appearance observations were also examined. From the experiments the effect of pin profile and shoulder geometry on friction stir spot weld formation and weld strength were determined. The tapered cylindrical pin was found the optimum pin profile. 30 mm shoulder diameter and 6o shoulder cavity angle gave the best results.
Simulation study on the fracture splitting process parameters of the large en...IJRES Journal
Connecting rod as the key parts of the engine, its manufacturing quality directly affect the engine
performance and reliability[1]. Compared with the traditional manufacturing process, the modern manufacturing
process of the big end of the connecting rod is the fracture splitting process. Not only the quality of the
manufacturing has been improved, the cost has been reduced, the efficiency is improved, the technology has
been improved, and it can ensure the precise positioning and assembly between the two, eliminate the relative
motion, improve the NVH performance of the engine, meanwhile, improve the overall strength of the
connecting rod. This paper focuses on the problem of Separated Surface in the fracture splitting process, using
finite element software to simulate the fracture splitting process parameters to find the best fracture splitting
force to reduce and avoid the occurrence of the problem of Separated Surface.
The comparative study of die cushioning force in u bending process using feaeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The document reviews design parameters and forces that must be considered for cylindrical deep drawing operations. It provides analytical formulas to calculate the radius of the draw ring, height of the cylindrical draw ring, clearance between the punch and draw ring, dimensions of the punch and draw ring, punch nose radius, blank holder pressure and force, and draw force. The formulas allow determining stresses on die elements to optimize costs without compromising function.
This document provides information on machining processes and machine tools. It discusses machine tools and their functions in machining operations like holding the workpiece, positioning the tool, and providing power. It also covers the mechanics of machining, important machining parameters like chip thickness and rake angle. It explains the mechanism of chip formation, shear angle, shear strain, and velocity diagrams. It discusses different types of chips and provides information on cutting forces, temperatures generated during machining, and classification of cutting tools.
A checking fixture design of corrugated pieces in Clutch assembly of automobi...IJRES Journal
The document describes the design of a checking fixture for corrugated pieces in a clutch assembly of an automobile gearbox. The fixture aims to identify different types of corrugated pieces which only have subtle differences in thickness and corrugation points. A displacement sensor measures the corrugation points and compares to preset data to determine the piece type. Finite element analysis showed the original design applied too much pressure, deforming pieces. The optimized design uses only the probe's weight to prevent deformation and more accurately identify piece types. This improves production line efficiency and reduces rejection rates.
DESIGN OF FIXTURE OF CONNECTING ROD FOR BORING OPERATIONijsrd.com
Connecting rod is very important part of engine. It should be accurately machined with the acceptable tolerance. Also the fluctuations of dimensions in work-piece to work piece should be minimum so that it will be easier to assemble in engine. But it has been observed that the required dimensions for the bolt diameter and smaller end diameter for the connecting rod are not continuously achievable by using the existing fixture. The diameters required of the bolts and the smaller end of the said connecting rod are 10±0.05 mm and 24±0.01 mm respectively The aim of this project is to design and development of a new fixture for machining (Boring) operation using designing software's i.e. Pro E and analysis using ANSYS ,which can eliminate the said problems. And the production rate will also increase up to 15% which is quite objective. So for that, a new hydraulic fixture is designed and observed that dimensional accuracy, increased production rate up to 15% and more output per day with boring operation. Which defines process is satisfactory enough and validates the project.
1) A finite element model was developed and validated to simulate chip formation and breakage during metal cutting of AISI 4130 steel. The model was validated by comparing predicted and measured cutting forces and chip thickness over a range of cutting conditions.
2) The model uses an adaptive remeshing technique and material model to capture the large deformations during chip formation. A stress-based failure criterion is used to predict chip breakage from tensile stresses induced during chip curling.
3) Predicted chip breakage was qualitatively and quantitatively compared to experimental results for two chip breaker geometries, showing good agreement between simulation and testing.
Finite element modeling of the broaching process of inconel718Phuong Dx
This document summarizes a study that used finite element modeling to simulate the broaching process of Inconel718. The study compared simulation results to experimental data and found good agreement for cutting forces. Models for cutting forces as functions of cutting parameters were developed based on simulation results. Additionally, the effects of rake angle and rising per tooth on chip curling and gullet area ratios were examined. Increasing rake angle or decreasing rising per tooth decreased chip curling diameter. Simulated chip curling diameters and area ratios were larger than recommended design values, suggesting gullet dimensions could be increased to improve chip flow.
This document provides an overview of gear generation and finishing operations. It defines key gear terminology and describes various methods for manufacturing gears, including gear shaping, gear hobbing, and other machining processes. Gear shaping involves cutting gear teeth using a reciprocating multipoint cutter. Gear hobbing uses a rotating cutter called a hob to cut teeth as it is fed into a rotating gear blank. The document explains the processes, parameters, advantages and limitations of various gear cutting methods.
IRJET- Estimating Crushing Force of Cone Crusher using Analytical MethodIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the crushing force of a cone crusher using an analytical method. It presents a simplified formula to calculate the crushing force based on parameters like hydraulic cylinder pressure, diameter, weight of the moving cone, and dynamic cone angle. Applying the formula for a sample cone crusher, the normal operating crushing force is calculated as 832kN and maximum crushing force due to uncrushable material is 1028kN. There is approximately 24% error between the analytical method and experimental data, mainly due to differences in pressure rise when uncrushable material is present. The analytical method provides a way to estimate crushing forces for design of cone crusher components.
IRJET-Surface Roughness Modeling of Titanium Alloy GrindingIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on modeling surface roughness in the grinding of titanium alloy. It aims to develop a predictive surface roughness model that relates surface roughness values to process variables like speed and depth of cut. An analytical model is developed considering factors like elastic deflections, plowing effects, and thermal effects. MATLAB simulations are also used to model the grinding wheel profile and ground surface to directly predict surface roughness. Experimental grinding tests will be conducted to validate the results from the analytical model and simulations.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document analyzes the motion laws of machining non-spherical shapes using electric discharge machining (EDM) with a rotary electrode. It introduces the shaping principle, which involves rotating the electrode and workpiece at adjustable angles to sculpt the desired non-spherical shape. The document establishes universal mathematical models to describe the motion of the rotary electrode relative to the workpiece in three dimensions. This mathematical modeling lays the foundation for computer simulation and development of real machining systems for non-spherical EDM.
Parametric study on slender column for flat plate structureeSAT Journals
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Httpame czasopisma pan_plimagesdataamewydaniano2201204reconstructionofthemaincylinderofcardingm
1. T H E A R C H I V E O F M E C H A N I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G
VOL. LIX 2012 Number 2
10.2478/v10180-012-0010-5
Key words: carding machine, main cylinder, Finite Element Method, optimization
PIOTR DANIELCZYK ∗
, JACEK STADNICKI ∗∗
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MAIN CYLINDER OF CARDING
MACHINE–OPTIMIZATION OF DIMENSIONS WITH THE USE OF
THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
The following paper presents the solution to the problem of searching the best
shape – structural form of the bottoms and optimal dimensions of the main cylinder
of the carding machine with consideration to the criterion of minimal deflection
amplitude. The ANSYS package of the Finite Element Method has been used for the
analysis. Polak-Ribery conjugate gradient method has been applied for searching the
optimal solution, basing on the parametric model of the cylinder written with the
use of Ansys Parametric Design Language. As a result of the performed analyses,
reduction of maximum deflection value at approximately 80% has been obtained.
Optimal cylinder dimensions enable application of a new textile technology – mi-
crofibre carding and improvement in the quality of traditional carding technology of
woollen and wool-like fibres.
1. Introduction. The object of the analysis
Carding – one of the most important textile technological processes
whose aim is intermixing loose fibres, removing rubbish and short fibres
as well as straightening and parallel arrangement of the fibres left. Next,
they are to be formed into a semi-finished product in the form of a thin layer
of fibres with the width of the machine − web or sliver which is formed
by condensing the web. Woollen and wool-like fibres (chemical fibres with
similar properties) are reworked with the use of roller carding machines.
Their scheme is shown in Fig. 1.
∗
University of Bielsko-Biała, Department of Engineering Fundamentals, ul. Willowa 2,
43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland; e-mail: pdanielczyk@ath.bielsko.pl
∗∗
University of Bielsko-Biała, Department of Engineering Fundamentals, ul. Willowa 2,
43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland; e-mail: jstadnicki@ath.bielsko.pl
2. 200 PIOTR DANIELCZYK, JACEK STADNICKI
Fig. 1. Carding machine scheme
On the surface of the main cylinder − swift, the doffer and working rollers
(workers and strippers) there are teeth of a saw metallic wire (Fig.3) or card
clothing needles, which are reeled coil to coil with appropriate tension. Fed
by feeding rollers and licker-in (the first carding machine in carding set) and
the common roller (the following carding machines in carding set), the fibres
are taken over by the swift teeth and carried to the other pairs of rollers
worker-stripper. Thanks to the large difference of tangential velocities of the
swift vs and the worker vwk(vs vwk) and the small distance between them,
their teeth separate, comb and straighten the carried fibres.
The stripper, whose tangential velocity vst is greater than the tangential
velocity of the worker (vst > vwk), feeds back a part of fibres for another
carding. The process is repeated between the cylinder and the following pairs
of rollers worker-stripper. However, the distance between the swift and next
workers decreases. Finally, a roller rotating at high speed − fancy (vf > vs)
with long bent needles lifts the fibres above the teeth of the swift which
carries them further and condensing them on the teeth of the slowly rotating
doffer (vd) because vs vd. If the carding machine is the last machine in
the carding set, the oscillating blade (doffer comb) combs and condenses the
fibres after carding, forming the web.
Carding quality depends to a large degree on the height and shape of
the gap between the swift and worker and between the swift and the doffer.
3. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MAIN CYLINDER OF CARDING MACHINE–OPTIMIZATION. . . 201
When carding thin fibres, the gap height is between 0.3 and 0.15mm, and
considering desirable uniformity of the web, its shape should be close to the
shape of a rectangle. Taking into account the durability of the metallic card
wire teeth (hardness of a tooth is decreasing from top to base), the cylinder
should not be ground after the wire has been reeled. It is worth to add that
textile industry more frequently uses super-thin fibres (microfibers), whose
carding requires smaller distances between working rollers and the swift and
between the swift and the doffer than those mentioned above.
The swift should be designed in such a way so that after reeling the
metallic card wire on it at tension, the deflection of its shell does not ex-
ceed several hundredths of a millimeter. Taking into account its dimensions
(diameter × length: the main cylinder Ø 1500mm × 2500mm, the doffer
Ø 1270mm × 2500mm) and the wall thickness usually between 10 and 14mm,
the requirements as to the construction stiffness are very high.
The cylinders of modern carding machines are almost solely welded
constructions (Fig. 2). They consist of the shell reeled of metal sheet welded
along its edges, bottoms with hubs stiffened with ribs, the shaft and the
reinforcement rings. Such constructions are used by leading carding ma-
chine manufacturers, and particular solutions are different as to the side hubs
construction and reinforcement rings.
Fig. 2. Cylinder construction
4. 202 PIOTR DANIELCZYK, JACEK STADNICKI
2. Loads acting on the main cylinder of carding machine
The loads acting on the cylinder result from:
– the influence of fibres on the teeth of card wire during the carding process;
the forces are small [2] and are omitted when calculating deflection of
the cylinder shell,
– the construction deadweight and the centrifugal force; their influence on
the cylinder deflection may also be neglected due to small rotational speed
of the cylinder (circa 100÷200rpm) [5],
– reeling at tension of the metallic card wire.
Reeling at tension S and the reeling pitch t of the card wire on the
cylinder with the radius R (Fig. 3) exerts pressure on the cylinder shell
directed radially inward with the value of
pr =
S
tR
(1)
Fig. 3. Tension forces acting on the metallic card wire coils
As shown in paper [6], taking into account only radial pressure pr in
calculations of the cylinder shell deflection does not give sufficient compat-
ibility of calculation results and experimental measurements. When reeling
the metallic card wire at tension S, the coils are pressed against each other
with the force F acting in the direction of cylinder axis and the so-called
side wire which is the stopper ring. After reeling all coils, the last coil rests
against the side wire on the opposite side of the cylinder. One may say that
the cylinder shell is reeled with ‘foil of metallic card wire’ which is initially
tensioned and acts on the cylinder in radial direction with the pressure pr
and in axial direction with surface force px which is the result of residual
5. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MAIN CYLINDER OF CARDING MACHINE–OPTIMIZATION. . . 203
friction forces between the metallic card wire and the cylinder shell. The
value of the surface force px is expressed by the following equation:
px = µpr (2)
where: µ – coefficient of static friction between the saw wire flange and the
cylinder surface.
The authors of the paper [6] proved that taking into account both the
pressure pr as well as the surface force px when calculating the deflection
of the cylinder shell, gives sufficient compatibility of calculations with ex-
perimental tests.
3. Optimization of cylinder dimensions – summary of the previous
work results
The deflection y (x) of the cylinder shell with the radius of the middle
geometric cylinder R and the thickness h with stiff bottoms under the influ-
ence of the radial pressure pr may be determined by means of the following
differential equation
d4
y
dx4
+ 4k4
y =
12pr 1 − ν2
Eh3
(3)
where: k4
=
3 1 − ν2
h2R2
, E – Young’s modulus, ν – Poisson’s ratio
The deflection amplitude is then equal to:
∆ = ymax = −
prR2
Eh
(4)
Therefore, an obvious conclusion can be drawn. Decreasing the deflection
amplitude of the cylinder with a given radius and with a given load applied
requires increasing the wall thickness h. However, the increase in thickness
h increases the cost and the mass of the cylinder. Moreover, it makes the
mass moment of inertia bigger, which in turn causes problems with starting
the machine and imposes the necessity of using special brakes for stopping
the cylinder in the required time in the case of a break-down. Therefore, in
the 1990s carding machines were equipped with cylinders with internal ring-
like reinforcements (Fig. 2). The rings stiffen the shell without significantly
increasing its mass moment of inertia. Optimization task of dimensions of
the cylinder with reinforcement rings was subject to the analysis in paper [5].
Decision variables of the task were the shell thickness and the ring cross-
section area. The task was solved by minimizing deflection amplitude at the
6. 204 PIOTR DANIELCZYK, JACEK STADNICKI
same time keeping the mass of the cylinder without rings and minimizing the
mass at the same time keeping the permissible deflection amplitude. The task
was solved for a different number of rings determining their optimal number.
The task used the continuous calculation model and analytical solution of
the problem of cylinder shell deflection under the influence of radial pressure
pr taking into account the flexibility of rings and bottoms. The nongradient
Powell’s method of improving direction has been applied to solve the op-
timization task. The results were implemented by a local carding machine
manufacturer. Fig. 4 shows the comparison of the deflection line of cylinder
shells with the same mass without rings and with reinforcement rings.
Fig. 4. The deflection line of the cylinder shell: A – without rings, B – with reinforcement rings
The value of the deflection amplitude in the case of A is ∆A 41µm.
Introducing reinforcement rings enables the decrease in the amplitude of
almost 22% to the value of ∆B 32µm in the case of variant B.
Further work on the development of the construction of carding machine
cylinders and growing requirements as to its stiffness showed the necessity to
develop a discrete model of the cylinder which would be more adequate for
the real construction. Such a calculation model developed with the use of the
FEM method was described in paper [6]. The model took into account the
pressure pr and the surface force px, flexibility of all construction elements
of the cylinder and additionally local flexibilities of welds and the deviations
in wall thickness of the cylinder shell after machining. The model was ex-
perimentally verified. It is worth to add that the cylinder analysed with the
help of the model instead of bottoms welded of metal plates was equipped
with cast iron wheel hubs with five arms.
The analysis of the deflection line of the cylinder shell with optimal
thickness with rings with optimal dimensions [4] proves that further decrease
of the deflection amplitude requires applying special bottoms welded with
steel plates (Fig. 5) which would be flexible in axial and radial direction and
at the same time would ensure the required stiffness of the whole cylinder
both during work and during its manufacturing (grinding the surface with
the disk-type grinding wheel before reeling the metallic card wire).
7. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MAIN CYLINDER OF CARDING MACHINE–OPTIMIZATION. . . 205
Fig. 5. Changed construction of the bottom with conical ring
4. Optimization of cylinder and bottoms
In order to determine optimal form of cylinder construction and its
bottoms with conical ring, parametric FEM model has been prepared and
appropriate optimization task has been formulated and solved.
4.1. FEM Model of the cylinder
The discrete calculation model of the cylinder (Fig. 3a) with a flat side
hub (compare Fig. 2) was made in ANSYS package [1] using Shell 63 ele-
ments (shell and bottoms and its ribs) and Beam 188 elements (rings and
shaft). Shell 63 is a four-node shell element with six degrees of freedom in
each node – three translations and three rotations, which takes into account
the membrane and bending state of the shell. Beam 188 is a two-node
beam element which is consistent with Timoshenko beam theory. During the
process of shaft discretization, it was ensured that the nodes were located in
places where there are self-aligning rolling bearings supporting the cylinder.
Hinged support on the right side (the side where the belt transmission driving
the cylinder is placed) and the roller support on the left side were applied in
the nodes.
Due to the fact that in real constructions the side hub circumference is
permanently fixed to the shell, the shell nodes which lie on the side hub
surface and the adjacent nodes on the left and right side were coupled,
ensuring the compatibility of node values (translations and rotations).
Axisymmetrical radial surface pressure pr and pressure acting in the
direction of the cylinder axis px (Fig. 6b) were applied to the cylinder
shell. The pressure values were assumed on the basis of [7] as equal to
pr =220 kPa and px =33 kPa.
All analyses were performed with the use of input files for ANSYS pro-
gramme. Using the Ansys Parametric Design Language, a parametric FEM
8. 206 PIOTR DANIELCZYK, JACEK STADNICKI
model of the analysed construction has been written and the optimization
task formulated. It is worth to emphasize that the input file prepared in
this way enables fast analysis and optimization of cylinder constructions for
various working widths and constructional forms (e.g. with any number of
reinforcement rings).
Fig. 6. Discrete cylinder model: a) FEM model – fragment, b) loads scheme
Discrete models for cylinders having bottoms with conical ring (Fig. 5)
have been developed in a similar way.
4.2. Calculation results
As a result of the discrete model analysis of the cylinder with flat bottoms,
a graph of deflection line has been obtained (Fig. 7). The value of deflection
amplitude is ∆ 36µm. It is worth stressing that taking into account the
pressure in the axial direction px causes the increase of deflection amplitude
at approximately 12% (compare section 3). Moreover, it is worth mentioning
that taking into consideration pressure px results in the line of shell deflection
not being symmetric.
In order to examine the influence of structural form of the bottoms on
the value of deflection amplitude, a series of numerical tests for various
configurations of cylinder constructions have been performed. The two of
them, most interesting from the point of view of the following paper, are
presented below. In the case of configuration I (Fig. 8) one may assume
that the bottoms bending under the pressure pr cause ‘straightening’ of the
shell and significant improvement of the present state. In reality, deflection
amplitude is decreased to ∆ 25µm.
Analysing the deflection line in Fig. 8, one may notice that on the right
side the deflection amplitude decreases. Basing on the observation, the dis-
crete calculation model was modified in order to correspond to configura-
9. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MAIN CYLINDER OF CARDING MACHINE–OPTIMIZATION. . . 207
Fig. 7. The scheme of the cylinder and the deflection line with flat bottoms
Fig. 8. The scheme of the cylinder and the deflection line for configuration I
tion II in Fig. 9. In this case, the deflection amplitude of the shell is ∆ 8µm.
For this type of constructional form of the cylinder, one may practically elim-
inate the influence of axial pressure px on the deflection of the shell (warping
effect of the shell disappears).
4.3. Optimization task
In order to determine optimal dimensions of the cylinder as presented in
Fig. 9, the following optimization task has been solved [3]:
10. 208 PIOTR DANIELCZYK, JACEK STADNICKI
Fig. 9. The scheme of the cylinder and the deflection line for configuration II
1. Decision variables (Fig. 10)
– thicknesses: the shell g1 and the bottoms g2,
– the distance between the bottom and the first reinforcement ring b,
– dimension c which is characteristic for the bottom form i.e. for the
angle of the conical ring,
– dimensions of the reinforcement cross-section: h,s, t,
2. Objective function:
– deflection amplitude of the cylinder shell ∆ → min (compare Fig. 4),
3. Limitations
– the mass of the cylinder with optimal dimensions should not exceed
the mass of the cylinder before optimization: ˆm ≤ m0,
– maximum reduced stress according to Huber-Mises hypothesis in the
construction cannot be greater than permissible stresses for construc-
tional steel S235JR:kr =120MPa.
Moreover, appropriate variation ranges for decision variables have been
introduced for the task. The ranges resulted from among other things techno-
logical conditions such as: difficulties in proper manufacturing of the shell by
reeling a flat sheet of steel with the width of over 14mm, as well as boundary
dimensions of a section of reinforcement rings resulting from the technology
of reeling the ring and the availability of the semi-finished product.
In order to solve the task, a Polak-Ribery conjugate gradient method has
been used together with the interior penalty method.
As a result of solving the above-mentioned optimization task, optimal
values of decision variables ˆg1/ ˆg2 = 14/11 mm, ˆb = 298 mm,
ˆh/ˆs/ˆt = 35/24/4.4 mm have been obtained. The mass of the optimal con-
11. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MAIN CYLINDER OF CARDING MACHINE–OPTIMIZATION. . . 209
Fig. 10. Denotations of decision variables in optimization task
struction is equal to its mass before optimization and is ˆm=1635 kg, the
deflection amplitude is ∆ = 6.2µm (Fig. 11). In relation to the deflection
before optimization, it decreased by another 20%.
Fig. 11. Deflection lines of the cylinder shell before and after optimization
5. Conclusion
The following article presents development work aiming at improving
the stiffness of the construction of axisymmetric, thin-walled cylinder shell
with bottoms and internal rings under the influence of axisymmetric radial
pressure and the pressure acting along the shell axis. Such constructions
are used, among other things, in textile machines – carding machines. The
aim of the work was to decrease the deflection of the cylinder shell without
12. 210 PIOTR DANIELCZYK, JACEK STADNICKI
significantly increasing its mass especially the mass moment of inertia in
relation to the axis of rotation.
All numerical simulations have been performed on discrete models devel-
oped with the use of the FEM method. Analysing the results of the previous
work, an improved construction of bottoms with a conical ring has been
suggested (Fig.5). The best arrangement in the cylinder (Fig.9) has been de-
termined for the bottoms, obtaining the decrease in the deflection amplitude
of the cylinder shell from 36 µm (Fig.7) to 8 µm (Fig.9) that is at about
71%. Further decrease in the cylinder shell deflection to the value of 6.2 µm
i.e. at another 20% was achieved by formulating and solving the appropriate
optimization task of cylinder dimensions.
Considering the aim of the work, one may conclude that the suggested
constructional form of the cylinder, with optimal dimensions according to the
criterion of minimal deflection amplitude, ensures stiffness of the cylinder
appropriate for carding very thin fibres including micro-fibres.
In a real cylinder, one must take into account bigger shell deflections
caused by: cylinder manufacturing tolerance (radial run-out of the cylinder
shell is ±10 µm), metallic card wire manufacturing tolerance (on the average
±10 µm) and lack of uniformity of the cylinder wall thickness and possible
flexibility of the welds [6].
Manuscript received by Editorial Board, February 15, 2012;
final version, April 16, 2012.
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technicznych, WNT, Warszawa, 2006.
[4] Danielczyk P.: Optymalizacja wymiarów konstrukcji powłokowej z wykorzystaniem MES,
Mechanik 2011, nr 7.
[5] Stadnicki J.: Optimal Design of the Cylindrical Shell of a Card Machine, Textile Research
Journal 1997, vol. 67, no. 1.
[6] Stadnicki J., Wróbel I.: Practical Engineering Calculation for Working Cylinders of Carding
Machines, Textile Research Journal 2003, vol. 73 no. 6.
[7] Wróbel I.: Wpływ wybranych czynników konstrukcyjno-technologicznych na ugięcie powłoki
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13. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MAIN CYLINDER OF CARDING MACHINE–OPTIMIZATION. . . 211
Rekonstrukcja bębna głównego zgrzeblarki wałkowej – optymalizacja wymiarów
z wykorzystaniem metody elementów skończonych
S t r e s z c z e n i e
W pracy przedstawiono rozwiązanie zadania poszukiwania najlepszego kształtu – postaci kon-
strukcyjnej dennicy oraz optymalnych wymiarów bębna głównego zgrzeblarki wałkowej z uwagi na
kryterium minimalnej amplitudy ugięcia. Do analiz wykorzystano pakiet ANSYS metody elemen-
tów skończonych. Rozwiązania optymalnego poszukiwano metodą gradientu sprzężonego w wersji
Polaka-Ribery, bazując na parametrycznym modelu bębna zapisanego z wykorzystaniem języka
Ansys Parametric Design Language. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz uzyskano zmniejszenie
wartości maksymalnego ugięcia o około 80%. Optymalne wymiary bębna umożliwiają realizację
nowej technologii włókienniczej – zgrzeblenia mikrowłókien oraz poprawę jakości w tradycyjnej
technologii zgrzeblenia włókien wełnianych i wełnopodobnych.