The document discusses HTTP/2 and its implications for Java. It begins with an introduction to HTTP/2 and why it was created, noting limitations of HTTP/1.1 in handling modern web pages with many dependent resources. The document then covers specifics of the HTTP/2 protocol, and how it addresses issues like head-of-line blocking. It discusses how HTTP/2 is being adopted by browsers and considers impacts and integration of HTTP/2 with Java SE and Java EE technologies.

1. Devoxx
UK
June
2015
David
Delabassee
-­‐
@delabassee
Oracle
Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
HTTP/2
Comes
to
Java
1

2. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
Agenda
Why
HTTP/2?
HTTP/2
HTTP/2
and
Java
EE
HTTP/2
and
Java
SE
Summary

3. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
Agenda
Why
HTTP/2?
HTTP/2
HTTP/2
and
Java
SE
HTTP/2
and
Java
EE
Summary

4. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 4 @delabassee#HTTP/2
Data
Never
Sleeps
2.0
https://www.domo.com/learn/data-­‐never-­‐sleeps-­‐2

5. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 5 @delabassee#HTTP/2
HTTP
1.x
1991
1996
1999
2009
2015
HTTP/0.9
HTTP/1.0
HTTP/1.1
SPDY
HTTP/2.0

6. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 6 @delabassee#HTTP/2

7. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 7 @delabassee#HTTP/2

8. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 8 @delabassee#HTTP/2

9. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 9 @delabassee#HTTP/2

10. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 10 @delabassee#HTTP/2

11. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 11 @delabassee#HTTP/2
Today
index.html
style1.css
style2.css
.
.
.
script1.js
script9.js
pic1.jpg
pic8.jpg
.
.
.
photo1.png
photo2.png
.
.
.

12. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 12 @delabassee#HTTP/2
google.fr
(1st)
• 3
HTTP
Requests
• 21.355
bytes
- 1
HTML
- 1
image
- 1
.js
Top
.FR
examples
lefigaro.fr
(15th)
• 140
HTTP
Requests
• 2.736.562
bytes
- 1
HTML
- 130
images
- 6
.js
- 2
.css

13. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 13 @delabassee#HTTP/2
• If
a
page
takes
longer
than
4
sec
to
load,
1/4
people
abandons
that
page
(1)
• 57%
of
consumers
will
abandon
a
page
that
takes
longer
than
3
sec
to
load
(2)
• Page
load
slowdown
of
1
sec
could
cost
Amazon
$1.6
billion
in
sales
a
year
(1)
• Slowing
search
results
by
0.4
sec,
Google
could
lose
8
million
searches
per
day
(1)
Latency
Vs.
Conversion
Rate
Time
is
Money!
(1)
http://www.fastcompany.com/1825005/how-­‐one-­‐second-­‐could-­‐cost-­‐amazon-­‐16-­‐billion-­‐sales
(2)
RadView
Spring
2015
State
of
the
Union:
Ecommerce
Page
Speed
&
Web
Performance

14. @delabassee#HTTP/2 Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
HTTP
1.1
Head-­‐of-­‐Line
blocking
14
Client Server
index.html
index.html
style1.css
style2.css
script1.js
...
style1.css
style2.css
script1.js
...

15. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 15 @delabassee#HTTP/2
HTTP
1.1

16. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 16 @delabassee#HTTP/2
File
Concatenation
and
Image
Sprites
• Modern
web
page
consists
of
+90
resources
fetched
from
15
distinct
hosts
(http://httparchive.org)
• TCP
Efficiency
Improves
with
Larger
Files
• Shoving
more
than
one
logical
file
into
one
physical
file

17. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 17 @delabassee#HTTP/2
File
Concatenation
and
Image
Sprites

18. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 18 @delabassee#HTTP/2
HTTP
1.1
Workaround
-­‐
Domain
Sharding

19. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 19 @delabassee#HTTP/2
Asset
inlining
…
<img
src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhEAAOexs3eeALMAAOazToeHh0tLS/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…”
/>
…

20. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 20 @delabassee#HTTP/2
• HTTP
uses
TCP
poorly
- HTTP:
short
and
bursty
flows
Vs.
TCP:
optimized
for
long-­‐lived
flows
• Solutions
- Sprites
- Domain
sharding
- Assets
Inlining
- File
concatenations
- …
HTTP/1.1
circa
1999
Problems
Vs
Solutions
1991
1996
1999
2009
2015
HTTP/0.9
HTTP/1.0
HTTP/1.1
SPDY
HTTP/2.0

21. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
Agenda
Why
HTTP/2?
HTTP/2
HTTP/2
and
Java
SE
HTTP/2
and
Java
EE
Summary

22. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
HTTP/2
• Jan
2015
• Feb
2015
• May
2015
22
Enabled
by
default
in
FireFox
(35)
and
Chrome
(40)
IESG
approved
HTTP/2
HTTP/2
in
10%
of
all
HTTP
responses
(FireFox)
HTTP/2
used
in
18%
of
global
traffic
(Google)
RFC
7540
“Hypertext
Transfer
Protocol
Version
2”
RFC
7541
“HPACK:
Header
Compression
for
HTTP/2”
#HTTP/2

23. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 23 @delabassee#HTTP/2
Browsers
support
…
as
of
June
16
2015
http://caniuse.com/http2

24. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
@delabassee#HTTP/2 24
HTTP/2
Features
• Binary
Framing
over
single
TCP
connection
• Request/Response
multiplexing
• Stream
Prioritization
• Server
Push
• Upgrade
from
HTTP
1.1
• Header
Compression

25. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 25 @delabassee#HTTP/2
HTTP/2
• Fully
bi-­‐directional
– Connection
A
TCP
socket
– Message
A
logical
HTTP
message,
such
as
a
request
or
a
response
– Stream
A
bi-­‐directional
“channel”
within
a
connection,
carry
one
or
more
message
– Frame
The
smallest
unit
of
communication
in
HTTP/2
Lets
you
do
more
things
with
a
single
TCP
connection

26. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 26 @delabassee#HTTP/2
HTTP/2
Connections,
Streams,
Messages,
Frames

27. @delabassee#HTTP/2 Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
Binary
Frames
• Frames
- HEADERS,
DATA,
PRIORITY,
RST_STREAM,
SETTINGS,
PUSH_PROMISE,
PING,
GOAWAY,
WINDOW_UPDATE,
CONTINUATION
- Prioritisation,
Flow
Control,
Server
Push,
…
• Single
TCP
Connection
27
POST
/upload
HTTP/1.1
Host:
www.test.com
Content-­‐Type:
application/json
Content-­‐Length:
15
{“name”:“duke”}
HTTP
1.1 HTTP/2
HEADERS
frame
DATA
frame

28. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 28 @delabassee#HTTP/2
HTTP/2
Binary
Framing
GET
/index.html
HTTP/1.1
Host:
example.com
Accept:
text/html
Example
1
HEADERS
+
END_STREAM
+
END_HEADERS
:method:
GET
:scheme:
http
:path:
/index.html
:authority:
example.org
accept:
text/html

29. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 29 @delabassee#HTTP/2
HTTP/2
Binary
Framing
HTTP/1.1
200
OK
Content-­‐Length:
11
Content-­‐Type:
text/html
Hello
World
Example
2
HEADERS
-­‐
END_STREAM
+
END_HEADERS
:status:
200
content-­‐length:
11
content-­‐type:
text/html
DATA
+
END_STREAM
Hello
World

30. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 30 @delabassee#HTTP/2
Multiplexing

31. Copyright
©
2015,
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and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 31 @delabassee#HTTP/2
Stream
Prioritization
• Stream
Dependency
in
HEADERS
Frame
• PRIORITY
frame
type
• An
additional
40
bytes
- Stream
id
(31)
- Weight
(8):
[1,
256]
- Exclusive
bit
(1)
• Only
an
advice
A
B C
4 12
A
B CD
4 16 12
exclusive
=
0
A
B C
D
4 12
16
exclusive
=
1

32. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
Server
Push
/index.html
stream
1
/style.css
stream
2
/script.js
stream
4
Client Server
stream
1
HEADERS
stream
1
DATA
stream
2
PROMISE
stream
4
PROMISE
• No
corresponding
JavaScript
API
• Can
be
combined
with
SSE

33. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 33 @delabassee#HTTP/2
Header
Compression
HPack

34. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 34 @delabassee#HTTP/2
Upgrade
from
HTTP
1.1
• HTTP
- Port
80
- HTTP
Upgrade
to
“h2c”
(101
Switching
Protocol)
• HTTPS
(*)
- Application
Layer
Protocol
Negotiation
(ALPN)
- Next
Protocol
Negotiation
(NPN)
(*)
TLS
is
not
mandatory

35. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
Agenda
Why
HTTP/2?
HTTP/2
HTTP/2
and
Java
SE
HTTP/2
and
Java
EE
Summary

36. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
Java
9
Support
for
HTTP/2
• JEP
110
- http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/110
• Supports
both
HTTP
1.1
and
2
• Easy
to
use
API
• Covers
only
the
most
common
use
cases
• Synchronous
&
Asynchronous
36#HTTP/2

37. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
Java
9
//
HttpRequest
builder
from
the
default
HttpClient
HttpResponse
response
=
HttpRequest.create(new
URI("http://www.abc.be"))
.send(HttpRequest.noBody());
String
responseBody
=
response.body(HttpResponse.asString());
response
=
HttpRequest.create(new
URI("http://www.abc.be"))
.body(fromString("param1=Abc"))
.post()
.send();
…
37

38. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
Java
9
HttpResponse
response
=
HttpRequest.create(new
URI("http://www.abc.be"))
.header("Foo-­‐header",
"Bar")
.body(noBody())
.get()
.send();
int
responseCode
=
response.responseCode();
SSLParameters
sslPar
=
response.sslParameters();
String
responseBody
=
response.body(asString());
38

39. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
Java
9
String[]
myFiles
=
{"foo.txt",
"bar.txt",
"blah.txt"};
CompletableFuture<Path>
futures[]
=
new
CompletableFuture[myFiles.length];
URI
base
=
new
URI("http://abc.be/resources")
for
(int
i=0;
i<myFiles.length;
i++)
{
String
filename
=
filenames[i];
URI
uri
=
base.resolve(filename);
futures[i]
=
HttpRequest.create(uri)
.body(noBody())
.sendAsync()
.thenApply((HttpResponse
resp)
-­‐>
{
return
resp.body(asFile(“/tmp/"
+
filename));
});
}
…
39

40. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
Java
9
MultiResponseProcessor
multi;
HttpRequest.create(new
URI(“http://abc.be/"))
.body(noBody())
.sendMulti(
(multi
=
HttpResponse.multi(
(HttpRequest
initiator,
HttpRequest
pushPromise)
-­‐>
{
if
(pushPromise
==
null)
{
//
main
request
return
HttpResponse.asFile("/mainResponse");
}
else
{
//
Push
Promise(s)
String
path
=
pushPromise.uri().getPath();
return
HttpResponse.asFile("/extra/"
+
path);
}
})
)
);
multi.allActivity().join();
40

41. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
Agenda
Why
HTTP/2?
HTTP/2
HTTP/2
and
Java
SE
HTTP/2
and
Java
EE
Summary

42. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 42 @delabassee#HTTP/2
• Request/Response
multiplexing
• Binary
Framing
• Stream
Prioritization
• Server
Push
• Header
Compression
• Upgrade
from
HTTP
1.1
– ALPN
or
(NPN)
– 101
Switching
Protocols
HTTP/2

43. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 43 @delabassee#HTTP/2
• Request/Response
Multiplexing
• Binary
Framing
• Stream
Prioritization
• Server
Push
• Header
Compression
• Upgrade
from
HTTP
1.1
– ALPN
or
(NPN)
– 101
Switching
Protocols
Features
to
be
Exposed
in
the
Servlet
API
HTTP/2

44. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 44 @delabassee#HTTP/2
• New
Priority
class
– boolean
exclusive
– int
streamId
– int
weight
• New
methods
to
HttpServletRequest
– int
getStreamId()
– Priority
getPriority()
• New
methods
to
HttpServletResponse
– int
getStreamId()
– Priority
getPriority()
– void
setPriority(Priority
p)
• Dependency?
Servlet
4.0
-­‐
Stream
Prioritization

45. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 45 @delabassee#HTTP/2
• Push
resource
to
client
for
a
given
url
and
headers
• May
add
callback
for
completion
or
error
of
a
push
• Not
a
replacement
for
WebSocket
Servlet
4.0
-­‐
Server
Push

46. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 46 @delabassee#HTTP/2
Server
Push
private
void
pushResource(String
relativeResourcePath)
{
final
Request
jettyRequest
=
(Request)
getRequest();
final
PushBuilder
pushBuilder
=
jettyRequest.getPushBuilder();
pushBuilder.setQueryString(…)
.push(relativeResourcePath);
//…
}
Jetty’s
PushBuilder
?

47. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
Agenda
Why
HTTP/2?
HTTP/2
HTTP/2
and
Java
SE
HTTP/2
and
Java
EE
Summary

48. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
HTTP/2
• Address
the
Limitations
of
HTTP
1.x
- Improve
ressources
utilization,
performance,
reduce
latency
• “Compatible”
with
HTTP
1.1
- Retain
semantics
of
HTTP
1.1
- Define
interaction
with
HTTP
1.1
- Undo
your
HTTP
1.1
tricks!!
• “TLS
not
mandatory”
48
Hypertext
Transfer
Protocol
version
2
&
HPACK

49. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
HTTP/2
and
Java
• JEP
110
brings
HTTP/2
to
Java
SE
• Servlet
4.0
brings
HTTP/2
to
Java
EE
- 100%
compliant
implementation
of
HTTP/2
- Expose
key
features
to
the
API
• Server
Push
• Stream
Prioritization
• HTTP
1.1
upgrade
• TBC!
49
Plans

50. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
Resources
(and
credits)
• http://http2.github.io
• http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1230000000545/ch12.html
• https://java.net/projects/servlet-­‐spec/
• http://glassfish.org/adoptajsr
• http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/110
50

51. Safe
Harbor
Statement
The
preceding
is
intended
to
outline
our
general
product
direction.
It
is
intended
for
information
purposes
only,
and
may
not
be
incorporated
into
any
contract.
It
is
not
a
commitment
to
deliver
any
material,
code,
or
functionality,
and
should
not
be
relied
upon
in
making
purchasing
decisions.
The
development,
release,
and
timing
of
any
features
or
functionality
described
for
Oracle’s
products
remains
at
the
sole
discretion
of
Oracle.
Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 51

52. Copyright
©
2015,
Oracle
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved. 52