HTTP/2 in the Java Platform -- Java Champions call February 2016

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Java HTTP/2 Update
Edward Burns
Java EE Specifications Team
February 2016
Java Champions Call

Safe Harbor Statement
The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for
information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon
in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or
functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

• Ed Burns Credentials
– Working on Web technologies since 1994
– JCP Star Spec-lead 2009
– Spec lead for JSF and Servlet

My Plan for Your Time Investment
HTTP/2 protocol and justification
HTTP/Related Developments in Java
Q&A
1
2
3

Why HTTP/2?
A Real Life Example
index.html
style1.css
style2.css
.
.
.
script1.js
script9.js
pic1.jpg
pic8.jpg
.
.
.
photo1.png
photo2.png
.
.
.

Why HTTP/2?
• Head of Line Blocking
• Inefficient Use of Sockets
• Wasteful Use of Network Resources
• Not resilient to pervasive monitoring by default
Problems with HTTP/1.1
7
S

Why HTTP/2?
• Much of what we do in web-apps is a hack to work around shortcomings in
HTTP/1.1
– File concatenation and image sprites
– Domain sharding
– Inlined assets
What is an optimization?
8
S

Why HTTP/2?
• Head of Line Blocking
– Frame Based Binary Protocol
• Inefficient Use of Sockets
– Stream Multiplexing
• Wasteful Use of Network Resources
– Header “compression”
– Server push
• Not resilient to pervasive monitoring by default
– Per RFC-7258, TLS is the default, clear text is optional
Problems with HTTP/1.1
9
S

HTTP/2 is really just a new transport
layer underneath HTTP/1.1
– same request/response model
– no new methods
– no new headers
– no new usage patterns from
application layer
– no new usage of URL spec and other
lower level specs
Network Programming Review
10
E

Standing on the Shoulders
11
E

12
E

13
E

14
E

15
E

16
E

17
E

18
E

• Request/Response multiplexing
• Binary Framing
• Stream Prioritization
• Server Push
• Header Compression
• Upgrade from HTTP/1.1
– Application Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN)
– 101 Switching Protocols
19
HTTP/2 Big Ticket New Features
S

1
My Plan for Your Time Investment
HTTP/2 protocol and justification
HTTP/Related Developments in Java
Q&A
2
3

HTTP/2 Related Developments in Java
• Java SE JDK 9
– JEP 110: HTTP/2 Client
– JEP 244: TLS ALPN
• Java EE 8
– Servlet 4.0
• Open Source
– Jetty
– Netty
– Grizzly
– Undertow

• Not yet in Early Access Release – Build 104
• Fully functional in internal builds
• JEP 110 http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/110
• Easy to use API
• Covers only the most common use cases
• Supports both HTTP/1.1 and 2
• Builds on Java API classes going back to Java 1.2!
Java SE JDK 9

Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2
23
HttpClientHttpClient.Builder
HttpRequest.Builder
HttpRequestHttpRequest
E

• Blocking mode: one thread per request/response
– send request
– get response
• Non-blocking mode
– Using ExecutorService and CompletableFuture
• Full support for HTTP/2 Server Push
Small footprint
24
E

HttpResponse response = HttpRequest
.create(new URI("http://www.foo.com"))
.headers("Foo", "foovalue", "Bar", "barvalue”)
.GET()
.response();
int statusCode = response.statusCode();
String responseBody = response.body(asString());
25
E

Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2: Async Case
List<URI> targets = ... // fetch list of URIs async and store in Files
List<CompletableFuture<File>> futures = targets.stream()
.map(target -> {
return HttpRequest
.create(target).GET().responseAsync().thenCompose(response -> {
Path dest = Paths.get("base", target.getPath());
if (response.statusCode() == 200) {
return response.bodyAsync(asFile(dest));
} else {
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(dest);
}
})
// convert Path -> File
.thenApply((Path dest) -> {
return dest.toFile();
});
}).collect(Collectors.toList());
// all async operations waited for here
CompletableFuture.allOf(futures.toArray(new CompletableFuture<?>[0])).join();
26
E

• Negotiation of HTTP/2 from 1.1
– ALPN or plaintext
• Server Push
– Support for PUSH_PROMISE frames
• HPACK parameters
HTTP/2 features
27
E

• Request/Response multiplexing
• Binary Framing
• Stream Prioritization
• Server Push
• Header Compression
• Upgrade from HTTP/1.1
– ALPN
– 101 Switching Protocols
Java EE 8 Servlet 4.0

Servlet 4.0 Big Ticket New Features
• HTTP/2 Required, including ALPN and HPACK
• HTTP/2 Server Push
– Push resource to client for a given url and headers
– Not at all a replacement for WebSocket
– Really useful for frameworks that build on Servlet, such as JSF
– Builder API
• Ease of Use
29
S

javax.servlet.http.PushBuilder
S

Safe Harbor Statement
The preceding is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for
information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon
in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or
functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

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HTTP/2 in the Java Platform -- Java Champions call February 2016

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Editor's Notes