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HTTP/2 Comes to Java - What Servlet 4.0 Means to You

This document discusses the new features of HTTP/2 and how it will be supported in Java technologies. It provides an overview of HTTP/2, including its key features like request/response multiplexing and server push. It describes how Servlet 4.0 may expose these HTTP/2 features. It also discusses planned support for HTTP/2 in Java SE 9 and the current status. The overall agenda covers HTTP/2 capabilities, how Servlet could leverage them, Java SE 9 integration, and a summary.

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HTTP/2 Comes to Java What Servlet 4.0 Means to You JAZOON 2014 David Delabassee (@delabassee) Oracle Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Safe Harbor Statement The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 2
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 3
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 4
DEVELOPER PRODUCTIVITY Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Java EE 7 ENTERPRISE EDITION ▪Batch ▪Concurrency ▪Simplified JMS ▪More annotated POJOs ▪Less boilerplate code ▪Cohesive integrated platform ▪WebSockets ▪JSON ▪Servlet 3.1 NIO ▪REST MEETING ENTERPRISE DEMANDS Java EE 7 5
Industry Trends We're Seeing Reactive Programming Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cloud Mobile HTTP/2 SECURITY User Experience 6
Java EE 8 Community Survey Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. • 3 parts over 3½ months – 47 questions – 15 fill-­‐ins – 1000’s of comments • 4500+ respondents • Prioritization of most-­‐popular features 7
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Community-­‐Prioritized Features Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 9
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Java EE 8 Themes • HTML5 / Web Tier Enhancements • Infrastructure for running in the Cloud • Ease of Development / CDI alignment 10
Ease of Development / CDI Alignment Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. • Security interceptors • Simplified messaging through CDI-­‐based “MDBs” • JAX-­‐RS injection alignment • WebSocket scopes • Pruning of EJB 2.x client view and IIOP interoperability 11
Modernize the Infrastructure For On-­‐Premise and for in the Cloud Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. • Java EE Management 2.0 – REST-­‐based APIs for Management and Deployment • Java EE Security 1.0 – Authorization – Password Aliasing – User Management – Role Mapping – Authentication – REST Authentication 12
HTML5 Support / Web Tier Enhancements Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. • JSON Binding • JSON Processing enhancements • Server-­‐sent events • Action-­‐based MVC • HTTP/2 support 13
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Java EE 8 JSRs • Java EE 8 Platform • CDI 2.0 • JSON Binding 1.0 • JAX-­‐RS 2.1 • MVC 1.0 • Java Servlet 4.0 • JSF 2.3 • JMS 2.1 • JSON-­‐P 1.1 • Java EE Security 1.0 • Java EE Management 2.0 • … and more to follow … So far….. Coming soon ….. 14
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 15
. . . Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | A Real Life Example index.html style1.css style2.css script1.js . . . script9.js pic1.jpg pic8.jpg photo1.png photo2.png . . .
Client Server Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Problems in HTTP 1.1 • HTTP Pipelining • Head-­‐of-­‐Line blocking index.html style1.css style2.css index.html style1.css style2.css script1.js script2.js . . . script1.js script2.js . . .
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Inefficient use of TCP sockets Client Server Client Server Client Server Client Server Client Server Client Server Problems in HTTP 1.1
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | At the beginning… 19 <img/>
File Concatenation and Image Sprites TCP Efficiency Improves with Larger Files Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 20 • Modern web page now consists of more than 90 resources fetched from 15 distinct hosts - http://httparchive.org • Solution – Shoving more than one logical file into one physical file
File Concatenation and Image Sprites TCP Efficiency Improves with Larger Files Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 21 .ic-­‐AerospaceAndDefense-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐gray, .ic-­‐AerospaceAndDefense-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐red, .ic-­‐ Airline-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐gray, .ic-­‐Airline-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐red{ background: url(sprites.png) no-­‐repeat; } .ic-­‐AerospaceAndDefense-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐gray{ background-­‐position: 0 0; width: 80px; height: 80px; } .ic-­‐AerospaceAndDefense-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐red{ background-­‐position: -­‐81px 0; width: 80px; height: 80px; } .ic-­‐Airline-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐gray{ background-­‐position: 0 -­‐80px ; width: 80px; height: 80px; } .ic-­‐Airline-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐red{ background-­‐position: -­‐81px -­‐79px ; width: 80px; height: 80px; }
File Concatenation and Image Sprites TCP Efficiency Improves with Larger Files Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 22
Domain Sharding Split page resources across several hosts to work around browser limits Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 23
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Inlined Assets Base64 Encoding Will Never Die • data URLs • <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhEAAOALMAAOazToeHh0tLS/ 7LZv0jvb29tf3Ubge8WSLrhf3kdbW1mxsbPmfyH5BAAAjAAAALAAfhGHhcjA AAAQAA4lsjkhfkjfhGHhcjGDSHJUYgJvhgtyrHgfGfHyt56HGfGH56ge8WSLf6G GHvvhdsbxusbaOiQA4lsjkhfkjf4lsjkhfkjf4lsjkhfkjfhfkjfhpBREzxvt6QAA4lsjkhf kjfhdxwqBnuIoYtyGhBKoOjJj6GGHvvhdsbxus38GV3DcPjjBceXsplojj…” /> 24
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • HTTP uses TCP poorly - HTTP flows are short and bursty - TCP was built for long-­‐lived flows • Solutions – Sprites – Domain sharding – Assets Inlining – File concatenations – … 25 HTTP 1.1 circa 1999 Problems Vs Solutions
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • “Conversion Rate” Vs Latency - 1 in 4 people abandons surfing to a site if the page takes longer than 4 seconds to loads - Page load slowdown of 1 second could cost Amazon $1.6 billion in sales each year - Slowing search results by just 4/10 of a second, Google could lose 8 million searches per day - http://www.fastcompany.com/1825005/how-­‐one-­‐second-­‐could-­‐cost-­‐amazon-­‐16-­‐ billion-­‐sales 26 Time is Money!
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | google.fr (1st) • 3 HTTP Requests • 21.355 bytes - 1 HTML - 1 image - 1 ? 27 Top .FR examples lefigaro.fr (15th) • 140 HTTP Requests • 2.736.562 bytes - 1 HTML - 130 images - 6 .js - 2 .css - 1 ?
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 28
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 29 HTTP/2 Big Ticket Features Review • Binary Framing • Request/Response multiplexing • Stream Prioritization • Server Push • Header Compression • Upgrade from HTTP 1.1 - ALPN (or NPN) - 101 Switching Protocols
HTTP/2 Request Response Multiplexing Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Fully bi-­‐directional – Connection A TCP socket – Stream A “channel” within a connection – Message A logical message, such as a request or a response – Frame The smallest unit of communication in HTTP/2 30 Lets you do more things with a single TCP connection
HTTP/2 Request Response Multiplexing Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 31 Connections, Streams, Messages, Frames
HTTP/2 Request Response Multiplexing Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Communication broken into frames • Logical streams can be interweaved over a single TCP connection 32 Connections, Streams, Messages, Frames
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | HTTP/2 Binary Framing • Frame Header ! • Types - HEADERS, DATA, PRIORITY, RST_STREAM, SETTINGS, PUSH_PROMISE, PING, GOAWAY, WINDOW_UPDATE, CONTINUATION 33 Enabled by dumping newline delimited ASCII Length (24) Type (8) Flags (8) R Stream Identifier (31) Frame Payload (0 …)
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | HTTP/2 Binary Framing GET /index.html HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Accept: text/html 34 Example 1 HEADERS + END_STREAM + END_HEADERS :method: GET :scheme: http :path: /index.html :authority: example.org accept: text/html
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | HTTP/2 Binary Framing HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-­‐Length: 11 Content-­‐Type: text/html Hello World 35 Example 2 HEADERS -­‐ END_STREAM + END_HEADERS :status: 200 content-­‐length: 11 content-­‐type: text/html DATA + END_STREAM Hello World
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | HTTP/2 Stream Prioritization • Stream Dependency in HEADERS Frame • PRIORITY frame type • An additional 40 bytes – Stream id (31) –Weight (8): [1, 256] – Exclusive bit (1) • Only an advice 36 A B C 4 12 A B D C 4 16 12 exclusive = 0 A D 16 B C 4 12 exclusive = 1
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | HTTP/2 Server Push • Eliminates the need for resource inlining • Lets the server populate the browser’s cache in advance of the browser asking for the resource to put in the cache • No corresponding JavaScript API • Can be combined with SSE – Server pushes stuff into the browser’s cache – Server uses SSE to tell the browser to go fetch it 37
HTTP/2 Header Compression Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Most of the headers are the same in a given stream – Host: Accept: user-­‐agent: etc. –Why send them every time? • Server and the client keep tables of headers – Send tables references and updates 38 Known as HPACK
HTTP/2 Header Compression Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 39
HTTP/2 Upgrade from HTTP 1.1 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Not secure – Port 80 – HTTP 1.1 101 Protocol Switching • Secure – Next Protocol Negotiation (NPN) – Application Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) 40 Secure or not-­‐secure?
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 41
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 42
Servlet 4.0 Big Ticket New Features Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • API was designed for “One Request == One Response” • HTTP/2 destroys this assumption • It will be challenging to do justice to the new reality of “One Request == One or More Responses” • We must not simply bolt the “One or More Responses” concept onto some convenient part of the existing API 43 Challenges in Exposing HTTP/2 Features in Servlet API
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Request/Response multiplexing • Binary Framing • Stream Prioritization • Server Push • Header Compression • Upgrade from HTTP 1.1 – ALPN or (NPN) – 101 Switching Protocols 44 Servlet 4.0 Big Ticket New Features
Servlet 4.0 Big Ticket New Features Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Request/Response Multiplexing • Binary Framing • Stream Prioritization • Server Push • Header Compression • Upgrade from HTTP 1.1 – ALPN or (NPN) – 101 Switching Protocols 45 HTTP/2 Features Potentially Exposed in Servlet API
Servlet 4.0 Big Ticket New Features Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Add method HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse – int getStreamId() 46 HTTP/2 Features Potentially Exposed in Servlet API
Servlet 4.0 Big Ticket New Features Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Add a new class Priority – boolean exclusive – int streamId – int weight • Add method to HttpServletRequest – Priority getPriority() • Add methods to HttpServletResponse – Priority getPriority() – void setPriority(Priority p) 47 Stream Prioritization
Servlet 4.0 Big Ticket New Features Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Push resource to client for a given url and headers • May add callback for completion or error of a push • Not a replacement for WebSocket • Really useful for frameworks that build on Servlet, such as JSF 48 Server Push
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 49
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Server Push Example of Potential Use from JSF public class FacesServlet implements Servlet { public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp) throws IOException, ServletException { //.. HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; try { ResourceHandler handler = context.getApplication().getResourceHandler(); if (handler.isResourceRequest(context) || request.isPushRequest()) { handler.handleResourceRequest(context); } else { lifecycle.attachWindow(context); lifecycle.execute(context); lifecycle.render(context); } } } 50
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Server Push Example of Potential Use from JSF public class ExternalContextImpl extends ExternalContext { //… public String encodeResourceURL(String url) { if (null == url) { String message = MessageUtils.getExceptionMessageString (MessageUtils.NULL_PARAMETERS_ERROR_MESSAGE_ID, "url"); throw new NullPointerException(message); } Map attrs = getResourceAttrs(); ((HttpServletRequest) request).dispatchPushRequest(url, attrs); return ((HttpServletResponse) response).encodeURL(url); } //… } 51
Elastic Resilient Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Reactive Programming 52 Responsive Message Driven image credit: reactivemanifesto.org
Servlet 4.0 and Reactive Programming Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Asynchronous in Servlet 3.0 – ServletRequest#startAsync – AsyncContext • #addListener, #dispatch, #complete – AsyncListener • #onComplete, #onError, #onStartAsync, #onTimeout • Event-­‐driven – Server-­‐Sent Events 53
Servlet 4.0 and Reactive Programming Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Non-­‐blocking IO in Servlet 3.1 – ServletInputStream • #setReadListener, #isReady – ServletOutputStream • #setWriteListener, #isReady – ReadListener • #onDataAvailable, #onAllDataRead, #onError – WriteListener • #onWritePossible, #onError 54
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 55
Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 • JEP Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 110 - http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/110 • Easy to use API • Covers only the most common use cases • Supports both HTTP 1.1 and 2 56
Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Small footprint • Two classes (working titles) – HttpRequestGroup • configuration for multiple requests – HttpRequest • one request/response interaction 57
Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Small footprint • Blocking mode: one thread per request/response – send request – get response • Non-­‐blocking mode: handle multiple request/response interactions in single thread using non-­‐blocking API – analogous to NIO selectors 58
Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Responses handled through lambda style callback handlers – Invoked on the calling thread – Must allocate threads to responses manually • Request/Response bodies handled as InputStream/OutputStream Callback handlers 59
Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 HttpRequestGroup group = HttpRequestGroup.create(); HttpRequest req = group.createRequest() Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | .setRequestMethod("POST") .setRequestURI(new URI("http://www.foo.com/a/b") .setRequestBody("Param1=1,Param2=2") .onResponseHeader("X-­‐Foo", (request, name, value) -­‐> { System.out.printf(" received an X-­‐Foo header"); }) .sendRequest() .waitForCompletion(); 60
Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 HttpRequestGroup group = HttpRequestGroup.create(); HttpRequest req = group.createRequest() … .onResponseBody((HttpRequest request, InputStream in) -­‐> { if (request.getResponseCode() == 200) { Path out = Paths.get("/tmp/out"); try { Files.copy(in, out); } finally { in.close(); } } Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | }) .sendRequest() .waitForCompletion(); 61
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 62
Summary and Current Status • Dec 2014 Submit HTTP/2 to IESG for consideration as a Proposed Standard Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Jan 2015 Submit HTTP/2 to RFC Editor • Feb 2015 Publish HTTP/2 as an RFC 63
Summary and Current Status • Servlet 4.0 brings HTTP/2 to Java EE Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | – 100% compliant implementation of HTTP/2 – Expose key features to the API • Server Push • Stream Prioritization • HTTP 1.1 upgrade 64
Summary and Current Status • Tentative Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Delivery Schedule – Q3 2014: JSR 369 Expert Group formed – Q1 2015: early draft – Q3 2015: public review – Q4 2015: proposed final draft – Q3 2016: final release • Contribute! 65
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. How to Get Involved • Join an Expert Group project – http://javaee-­‐spec.java.net • Adopt a JSR – http://glassfish.org/adoptajsr • The Aquarium – http://blogs.oracle.com/theaquarium • Java EE 8 Reference Implementation – http://glassfish.org 66
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Resources • https://java.net/projects/servlet-­‐spec/ • https://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=369 • http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/110 • http://http2.github.io • http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1230000000545/ch12.html 67
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 68
HTTP/2 Comes to Java - What Servlet 4.0 Means to You

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HTTP/2 Comes to Java - What Servlet 4.0 Means to You

  • 1.
    HTTP/2 Comes to Java What Servlet 4.0 Means to You JAZOON 2014 David Delabassee (@delabassee) Oracle Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
  • 2.
    Safe Harbor Statement The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 2
  • 3.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 3
  • 4.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 4
  • 5.
    DEVELOPER PRODUCTIVITY Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Java EE 7 ENTERPRISE EDITION ▪Batch ▪Concurrency ▪Simplified JMS ▪More annotated POJOs ▪Less boilerplate code ▪Cohesive integrated platform ▪WebSockets ▪JSON ▪Servlet 3.1 NIO ▪REST MEETING ENTERPRISE DEMANDS Java EE 7 5
  • 6.
    Industry Trends We're Seeing Reactive Programming Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cloud Mobile HTTP/2 SECURITY User Experience 6
  • 7.
    Java EE 8 Community Survey Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. • 3 parts over 3½ months – 47 questions – 15 fill-­‐ins – 1000’s of comments • 4500+ respondents • Prioritization of most-­‐popular features 7
  • 8.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  • 9.
    Community-­‐Prioritized Features Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 9
  • 10.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Java EE 8 Themes • HTML5 / Web Tier Enhancements • Infrastructure for running in the Cloud • Ease of Development / CDI alignment 10
  • 11.
    Ease of Development / CDI Alignment Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. • Security interceptors • Simplified messaging through CDI-­‐based “MDBs” • JAX-­‐RS injection alignment • WebSocket scopes • Pruning of EJB 2.x client view and IIOP interoperability 11
  • 12.
    Modernize the Infrastructure For On-­‐Premise and for in the Cloud Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. • Java EE Management 2.0 – REST-­‐based APIs for Management and Deployment • Java EE Security 1.0 – Authorization – Password Aliasing – User Management – Role Mapping – Authentication – REST Authentication 12
  • 13.
    HTML5 Support / Web Tier Enhancements Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. • JSON Binding • JSON Processing enhancements • Server-­‐sent events • Action-­‐based MVC • HTTP/2 support 13
  • 14.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Java EE 8 JSRs • Java EE 8 Platform • CDI 2.0 • JSON Binding 1.0 • JAX-­‐RS 2.1 • MVC 1.0 • Java Servlet 4.0 • JSF 2.3 • JMS 2.1 • JSON-­‐P 1.1 • Java EE Security 1.0 • Java EE Management 2.0 • … and more to follow … So far….. Coming soon ….. 14
  • 15.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 15
  • 16.
    . . . Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | A Real Life Example index.html style1.css style2.css script1.js . . . script9.js pic1.jpg pic8.jpg photo1.png photo2.png . . .
  • 17.
    Client Server Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Problems in HTTP 1.1 • HTTP Pipelining • Head-­‐of-­‐Line blocking index.html style1.css style2.css index.html style1.css style2.css script1.js script2.js . . . script1.js script2.js . . .
  • 18.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Inefficient use of TCP sockets Client Server Client Server Client Server Client Server Client Server Client Server Problems in HTTP 1.1
  • 19.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | At the beginning… 19 <img/>
  • 20.
    File Concatenation and Image Sprites TCP Efficiency Improves with Larger Files Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 20 • Modern web page now consists of more than 90 resources fetched from 15 distinct hosts - http://httparchive.org • Solution – Shoving more than one logical file into one physical file
  • 21.
    File Concatenation and Image Sprites TCP Efficiency Improves with Larger Files Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 21 .ic-­‐AerospaceAndDefense-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐gray, .ic-­‐AerospaceAndDefense-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐red, .ic-­‐ Airline-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐gray, .ic-­‐Airline-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐red{ background: url(sprites.png) no-­‐repeat; } .ic-­‐AerospaceAndDefense-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐gray{ background-­‐position: 0 0; width: 80px; height: 80px; } .ic-­‐AerospaceAndDefense-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐red{ background-­‐position: -­‐81px 0; width: 80px; height: 80px; } .ic-­‐Airline-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐gray{ background-­‐position: 0 -­‐80px ; width: 80px; height: 80px; } .ic-­‐Airline-­‐wht-­‐on-­‐red{ background-­‐position: -­‐81px -­‐79px ; width: 80px; height: 80px; }
  • 22.
    File Concatenation and Image Sprites TCP Efficiency Improves with Larger Files Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 22
  • 23.
    Domain Sharding Split page resources across several hosts to work around browser limits Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 23
  • 24.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Inlined Assets Base64 Encoding Will Never Die • data URLs • <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhEAAOALMAAOazToeHh0tLS/ 7LZv0jvb29tf3Ubge8WSLrhf3kdbW1mxsbPmfyH5BAAAjAAAALAAfhGHhcjA AAAQAA4lsjkhfkjfhGHhcjGDSHJUYgJvhgtyrHgfGfHyt56HGfGH56ge8WSLf6G GHvvhdsbxusbaOiQA4lsjkhfkjf4lsjkhfkjf4lsjkhfkjfhfkjfhpBREzxvt6QAA4lsjkhf kjfhdxwqBnuIoYtyGhBKoOjJj6GGHvvhdsbxus38GV3DcPjjBceXsplojj…” /> 24
  • 25.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • HTTP uses TCP poorly - HTTP flows are short and bursty - TCP was built for long-­‐lived flows • Solutions – Sprites – Domain sharding – Assets Inlining – File concatenations – … 25 HTTP 1.1 circa 1999 Problems Vs Solutions
  • 26.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • “Conversion Rate” Vs Latency - 1 in 4 people abandons surfing to a site if the page takes longer than 4 seconds to loads - Page load slowdown of 1 second could cost Amazon $1.6 billion in sales each year - Slowing search results by just 4/10 of a second, Google could lose 8 million searches per day - http://www.fastcompany.com/1825005/how-­‐one-­‐second-­‐could-­‐cost-­‐amazon-­‐16-­‐ billion-­‐sales 26 Time is Money!
  • 27.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | google.fr (1st) • 3 HTTP Requests • 21.355 bytes - 1 HTML - 1 image - 1 ? 27 Top .FR examples lefigaro.fr (15th) • 140 HTTP Requests • 2.736.562 bytes - 1 HTML - 130 images - 6 .js - 2 .css - 1 ?
  • 28.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 28
  • 29.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 29 HTTP/2 Big Ticket Features Review • Binary Framing • Request/Response multiplexing • Stream Prioritization • Server Push • Header Compression • Upgrade from HTTP 1.1 - ALPN (or NPN) - 101 Switching Protocols
  • 30.
    HTTP/2 Request Response Multiplexing Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Fully bi-­‐directional – Connection A TCP socket – Stream A “channel” within a connection – Message A logical message, such as a request or a response – Frame The smallest unit of communication in HTTP/2 30 Lets you do more things with a single TCP connection
  • 31.
    HTTP/2 Request Response Multiplexing Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 31 Connections, Streams, Messages, Frames
  • 32.
    HTTP/2 Request Response Multiplexing Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Communication broken into frames • Logical streams can be interweaved over a single TCP connection 32 Connections, Streams, Messages, Frames
  • 33.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | HTTP/2 Binary Framing • Frame Header ! • Types - HEADERS, DATA, PRIORITY, RST_STREAM, SETTINGS, PUSH_PROMISE, PING, GOAWAY, WINDOW_UPDATE, CONTINUATION 33 Enabled by dumping newline delimited ASCII Length (24) Type (8) Flags (8) R Stream Identifier (31) Frame Payload (0 …)
  • 34.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | HTTP/2 Binary Framing GET /index.html HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Accept: text/html 34 Example 1 HEADERS + END_STREAM + END_HEADERS :method: GET :scheme: http :path: /index.html :authority: example.org accept: text/html
  • 35.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | HTTP/2 Binary Framing HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-­‐Length: 11 Content-­‐Type: text/html Hello World 35 Example 2 HEADERS -­‐ END_STREAM + END_HEADERS :status: 200 content-­‐length: 11 content-­‐type: text/html DATA + END_STREAM Hello World
  • 36.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | HTTP/2 Stream Prioritization • Stream Dependency in HEADERS Frame • PRIORITY frame type • An additional 40 bytes – Stream id (31) –Weight (8): [1, 256] – Exclusive bit (1) • Only an advice 36 A B C 4 12 A B D C 4 16 12 exclusive = 0 A D 16 B C 4 12 exclusive = 1
  • 37.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | HTTP/2 Server Push • Eliminates the need for resource inlining • Lets the server populate the browser’s cache in advance of the browser asking for the resource to put in the cache • No corresponding JavaScript API • Can be combined with SSE – Server pushes stuff into the browser’s cache – Server uses SSE to tell the browser to go fetch it 37
  • 38.
    HTTP/2 Header Compression Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Most of the headers are the same in a given stream – Host: Accept: user-­‐agent: etc. –Why send them every time? • Server and the client keep tables of headers – Send tables references and updates 38 Known as HPACK
  • 39.
    HTTP/2 Header Compression Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 39
  • 40.
    HTTP/2 Upgrade from HTTP 1.1 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Not secure – Port 80 – HTTP 1.1 101 Protocol Switching • Secure – Next Protocol Negotiation (NPN) – Application Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) 40 Secure or not-­‐secure?
  • 41.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 41
  • 42.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 42
  • 43.
    Servlet 4.0 Big Ticket New Features Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • API was designed for “One Request == One Response” • HTTP/2 destroys this assumption • It will be challenging to do justice to the new reality of “One Request == One or More Responses” • We must not simply bolt the “One or More Responses” concept onto some convenient part of the existing API 43 Challenges in Exposing HTTP/2 Features in Servlet API
  • 44.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Request/Response multiplexing • Binary Framing • Stream Prioritization • Server Push • Header Compression • Upgrade from HTTP 1.1 – ALPN or (NPN) – 101 Switching Protocols 44 Servlet 4.0 Big Ticket New Features
  • 45.
    Servlet 4.0 Big Ticket New Features Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Request/Response Multiplexing • Binary Framing • Stream Prioritization • Server Push • Header Compression • Upgrade from HTTP 1.1 – ALPN or (NPN) – 101 Switching Protocols 45 HTTP/2 Features Potentially Exposed in Servlet API
  • 46.
    Servlet 4.0 Big Ticket New Features Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Add method HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse – int getStreamId() 46 HTTP/2 Features Potentially Exposed in Servlet API
  • 47.
    Servlet 4.0 Big Ticket New Features Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Add a new class Priority – boolean exclusive – int streamId – int weight • Add method to HttpServletRequest – Priority getPriority() • Add methods to HttpServletResponse – Priority getPriority() – void setPriority(Priority p) 47 Stream Prioritization
  • 48.
    Servlet 4.0 Big Ticket New Features Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Push resource to client for a given url and headers • May add callback for completion or error of a push • Not a replacement for WebSocket • Really useful for frameworks that build on Servlet, such as JSF 48 Server Push
  • 49.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 49
  • 50.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Server Push Example of Potential Use from JSF public class FacesServlet implements Servlet { public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp) throws IOException, ServletException { //.. HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; try { ResourceHandler handler = context.getApplication().getResourceHandler(); if (handler.isResourceRequest(context) || request.isPushRequest()) { handler.handleResourceRequest(context); } else { lifecycle.attachWindow(context); lifecycle.execute(context); lifecycle.render(context); } } } 50
  • 51.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Server Push Example of Potential Use from JSF public class ExternalContextImpl extends ExternalContext { //… public String encodeResourceURL(String url) { if (null == url) { String message = MessageUtils.getExceptionMessageString (MessageUtils.NULL_PARAMETERS_ERROR_MESSAGE_ID, "url"); throw new NullPointerException(message); } Map attrs = getResourceAttrs(); ((HttpServletRequest) request).dispatchPushRequest(url, attrs); return ((HttpServletResponse) response).encodeURL(url); } //… } 51
  • 52.
    Elastic Resilient Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Reactive Programming 52 Responsive Message Driven image credit: reactivemanifesto.org
  • 53.
    Servlet 4.0 and Reactive Programming Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Asynchronous in Servlet 3.0 – ServletRequest#startAsync – AsyncContext • #addListener, #dispatch, #complete – AsyncListener • #onComplete, #onError, #onStartAsync, #onTimeout • Event-­‐driven – Server-­‐Sent Events 53
  • 54.
    Servlet 4.0 and Reactive Programming Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Non-­‐blocking IO in Servlet 3.1 – ServletInputStream • #setReadListener, #isReady – ServletOutputStream • #setWriteListener, #isReady – ReadListener • #onDataAvailable, #onAllDataRead, #onError – WriteListener • #onWritePossible, #onError 54
  • 55.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 55
  • 56.
    Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 • JEP Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 110 - http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/110 • Easy to use API • Covers only the most common use cases • Supports both HTTP 1.1 and 2 56
  • 57.
    Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Small footprint • Two classes (working titles) – HttpRequestGroup • configuration for multiple requests – HttpRequest • one request/response interaction 57
  • 58.
    Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Small footprint • Blocking mode: one thread per request/response – send request – get response • Non-­‐blocking mode: handle multiple request/response interactions in single thread using non-­‐blocking API – analogous to NIO selectors 58
  • 59.
    Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Responses handled through lambda style callback handlers – Invoked on the calling thread – Must allocate threads to responses manually • Request/Response bodies handled as InputStream/OutputStream Callback handlers 59
  • 60.
    Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 HttpRequestGroup group = HttpRequestGroup.create(); HttpRequest req = group.createRequest() Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | .setRequestMethod("POST") .setRequestURI(new URI("http://www.foo.com/a/b") .setRequestBody("Param1=1,Param2=2") .onResponseHeader("X-­‐Foo", (request, name, value) -­‐> { System.out.printf(" received an X-­‐Foo header"); }) .sendRequest() .waitForCompletion(); 60
  • 61.
    Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 HttpRequestGroup group = HttpRequestGroup.create(); HttpRequest req = group.createRequest() … .onResponseBody((HttpRequest request, InputStream in) -­‐> { if (request.getResponseCode() == 200) { Path out = Paths.get("/tmp/out"); try { Files.copy(in, out); } finally { in.close(); } } Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | }) .sendRequest() .waitForCompletion(); 61
  • 62.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Agenda Java EE 8 Why HTTP/2? HTTP/2 Big Features How Servlet Might Expose These Features Java SE 9 Support for HTTP/2 Summary and Current Status 62
  • 63.
    Summary and Current Status • Dec 2014 Submit HTTP/2 to IESG for consideration as a Proposed Standard Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Jan 2015 Submit HTTP/2 to RFC Editor • Feb 2015 Publish HTTP/2 as an RFC 63
  • 64.
    Summary and Current Status • Servlet 4.0 brings HTTP/2 to Java EE Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | – 100% compliant implementation of HTTP/2 – Expose key features to the API • Server Push • Stream Prioritization • HTTP 1.1 upgrade 64
  • 65.
    Summary and Current Status • Tentative Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Delivery Schedule – Q3 2014: JSR 369 Expert Group formed – Q1 2015: early draft – Q3 2015: public review – Q4 2015: proposed final draft – Q3 2016: final release • Contribute! 65
  • 66.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. How to Get Involved • Join an Expert Group project – http://javaee-­‐spec.java.net • Adopt a JSR – http://glassfish.org/adoptajsr • The Aquarium – http://blogs.oracle.com/theaquarium • Java EE 8 Reference Implementation – http://glassfish.org 66
  • 67.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Resources • https://java.net/projects/servlet-­‐spec/ • https://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=369 • http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/110 • http://http2.github.io • http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1230000000545/ch12.html 67
  • 68.
    Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 68