This document discusses different types of intimate partner violence (IPV) and associated risk factors. It identifies four main types: coercive controlling violence, violent resistance, situational couple violence, and family-only batterers. Substance abuse is strongly correlated with IPV and increases risks of injury and death. Common risk factors that increase the likelihood of a fatal outcome include the use of weapons, stalking, strangulation, abuse in front of others, and substance use. The document also discusses reasons why victims may not leave abusive relationships, such as fear of increased abuse or death, lack of financial resources, threats regarding children, lack of support systems, and Stockholm syndrome.

1. IPV

2. Types of IPV
Joan Kelley and Michael Johnson
research
• Coercive controlling violence- most associated
with power and control wheel
• Violent resistance- used to describe violence
that occurs in the context of other violence

3. • Situational couple violence – violence which
does not have origins in power and control,
but is triggered by a situation or incident that
escalates to violence by one or both partners.
This is a highly emotionally charged situation
or incident in which both parties escalate the
violence
This is the most common type of IPV, but most
interventions are aimed at CCV

4. • Family only batterers – men who are only
violent in the home and generally low level of
violence. Typically, poor relationship skills,
poor stress management. In this type of IPV,
the perpetrators were often exposed to
marital violence as children

5. • Generally violent and antisocial batterers –
engage in severe violence both in and out of
the home. Most likely to show evidence of
antisocial personality disorder.

6. IPV and substance Abuse
• Strong correlation to SA
• Over half of all women with a Substance
Abuse problem have been victims of IPV.
Many abused as children. (The National Intimate
Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, CDC, 2010)
• Generational progression – 70% of children in
protective custody (DHHS) have at least one
Substance abusing parent

7. • Substance abuse increases likelihood of injury,
and fatality
• May be used by perpetrator, victim, or both
• Not a cause and effect relationship

8. IPV risk factors
• Use of weapon (ever)
• Stalking
• Strangling has ben part of abuse
• Abuse occurs in front of others
• Use of substances
Any of these risk factors increase likelihood of
fatal outcome

9. Referral options
• DV hotlines, shelters
• Individual counseling with a counselor
knowledgeable about DV
• Safety planning – LISTEN to the client,
especially regarding fears of being “caught” in
the planning
• May include putting money aside, clothes for
self and children, safe house designation
(family may not be safe alternative)

10. Why doesn’t she just leave…?
• Fear! That abuse will be worse or she will be
killed. Very real fear- more women are killed
when leaving or following the leaving of an
abusive relationship
• No money – he controls all of the finances in
the home
• Children- used against her; threatens custody.
Professionals often focus on rights rather than
responsibility in parental matters

11. • No support – has been systematically isolated
from family and friends , no one to support
her leaving – this is part of the abuse cycle
• Stockholm syndrome

12. Stockholm Syndrome
• Bonds with abuser as protective mechanism
• 1973 bank robbery in Stockholm
• Hostages held for 131 hours – victims began
to see the hostages as their protectors
• Began to fear law enforcement
• Had been threatened, abused and feared fro
their lives over 5 days

13. • One victim became engaged to one of the
perpetrators, one set up a legal defense fund
• Emotionally bonding with the abuser becomes
a strategy for survival
• Can improve chances for survival, but also
means less likely to cooperate with rescuers

14. • Recognized as a factor in IPV situations,
prisoners of war, cult members, sexual abuse,
as well as hostage situations

15. 4 conditions
• Perceived threat to physical or psychological
survival, and belief that the abuser would
carry out the threat
• Small acts of kindness from the abuser
• Isolation from other perspectives
• Inability to escape

16. Doesn’t occur in every abuse situation – many
factors influence the development of SS –
• Duration of exposure
• Level of threat
• Degree of isolation
• Loss of predictability about how captors will
behave