Fringe benefits are employment benefits not involving direct cash payments such as health insurance, pensions, and car allowances. They are classified into four types: employment security benefits like insurance and leave; health protection benefits like health and life insurance; old age and retirement benefits like pensions and medical benefits for retirees; and personnel identification, participation, and stimulation benefits like educational services and housing. Fringe benefits motivate employees, provide job security, protect health, and create a sense of belongingness to attract and retain employees. They provide advantages to both employers through improved productivity and efficiency, and employees through tax benefits and personal security.