This document provides an overview of employer-sponsored disability insurance, life insurance, and workers' compensation. It discusses the types of disability insurance plans employers offer, including short-term and long-term disability. It also examines the origins and funding of these plans, as well as relevant laws like ERISA, ADA, and workers' compensation laws. The document aims to explain the similarities and differences between employer-provided insurance plans and laws requiring certain benefits for disabled or deceased workers.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 7 which discusses government-mandated social security programs including Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment insurance. It begins by outlining the origins of Social Security in response to the Great Depression to protect families from financial devastation during unemployment. Over time, the programs were expanded through amendments to include retirement benefits, survivors benefits, disability insurance, and health insurance for those over 65 (Medicare). The chapter discusses the agencies that administer the programs, eligibility requirements, how benefits are determined and funded through payroll taxes, and types of benefits provided including retirement, survivors, disability, and unemployment insurance.
This chapter examines employee benefits around the world, including paid time-off and protection benefits in various countries and continents. It discusses differences in benefits between countries in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. Specific benefits are outlined for countries like Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, France, Germany, the UK, China, Japan, India, and South Africa. The chapter also covers legal and regulatory influences on benefits practices in different nations.
This document provides information about Social Security benefits in the United States. It discusses who is eligible for benefits, how benefits are calculated, and how non-covered pensions from government employment can affect Social Security benefits through provisions like the Windfall Elimination Provision and Government Pension Offset. The document also includes examples of how these provisions are applied to calculate benefit amounts.
COBRA provides temporary continuation of health coverage when it would otherwise be lost due to certain events like job loss. It applies to employers with 20+ employees and provides qualified beneficiaries like employees, spouses, dependents up to 36 months of continued coverage at group rates. When coverage is lost due to job loss, reduction in hours, divorce or other qualifying events, beneficiaries must be notified of COBRA rights and have 60 days to elect continued coverage by paying premiums. Coverage can end earlier for non-payment of premiums or obtaining other coverage, and conversion to individual policies must be offered at the end of the continuation period.
This document discusses proposals to reform the U.S. Social Security system through privatization. It provides background on the creation of Social Security and how the current system works. It then outlines a proposal to privatize the system by having individuals invest a portion of their payroll taxes into private retirement accounts rather than the current Social Security program. The document discusses arguments for and against both maintaining the status quo Social Security system and privatizing it. It concludes that neither option alone is feasible and more reform proposals should be considered.
The document traces the evolution of the US retirement industry from its origins to modern 401(k) plans. It discusses the development of pensions in the late 19th century, the establishment of Social Security in 1935, and the shift to defined contribution plans and 401(k)s in the late 20th century. It also outlines major laws like ERISA and key challenges around funding pensions and Social Security in the future given rising lifespans. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the retirement system's history in the United States.
The document discusses key facts about Social Security benefits and the Social Security system in the United States. It notes that Social Security is the largest government program in the world, paying out over $700 billion annually to over 50 million people. The Supreme Court has upheld the constitutionality of the Social Security Act. The first person to receive a monthly Social Security payment was Ida May Fuller in 1940. Social Security provides benefits to retired workers, disabled workers, widows/widowers and dependents. The amount individuals receive varies depending on their income level and other factors. Workers and employers both pay a percentage of earnings to fund the Social Security system.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 7 which discusses government-mandated social security programs including Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment insurance. It begins by outlining the origins of Social Security in response to the Great Depression to protect families from financial devastation during unemployment. Over time, the programs were expanded through amendments to include retirement benefits, survivors benefits, disability insurance, and health insurance for those over 65 (Medicare). The chapter discusses the agencies that administer the programs, eligibility requirements, how benefits are determined and funded through payroll taxes, and types of benefits provided including retirement, survivors, disability, and unemployment insurance.
This chapter examines employee benefits around the world, including paid time-off and protection benefits in various countries and continents. It discusses differences in benefits between countries in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. Specific benefits are outlined for countries like Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, France, Germany, the UK, China, Japan, India, and South Africa. The chapter also covers legal and regulatory influences on benefits practices in different nations.
This document provides information about Social Security benefits in the United States. It discusses who is eligible for benefits, how benefits are calculated, and how non-covered pensions from government employment can affect Social Security benefits through provisions like the Windfall Elimination Provision and Government Pension Offset. The document also includes examples of how these provisions are applied to calculate benefit amounts.
COBRA provides temporary continuation of health coverage when it would otherwise be lost due to certain events like job loss. It applies to employers with 20+ employees and provides qualified beneficiaries like employees, spouses, dependents up to 36 months of continued coverage at group rates. When coverage is lost due to job loss, reduction in hours, divorce or other qualifying events, beneficiaries must be notified of COBRA rights and have 60 days to elect continued coverage by paying premiums. Coverage can end earlier for non-payment of premiums or obtaining other coverage, and conversion to individual policies must be offered at the end of the continuation period.
This document discusses proposals to reform the U.S. Social Security system through privatization. It provides background on the creation of Social Security and how the current system works. It then outlines a proposal to privatize the system by having individuals invest a portion of their payroll taxes into private retirement accounts rather than the current Social Security program. The document discusses arguments for and against both maintaining the status quo Social Security system and privatizing it. It concludes that neither option alone is feasible and more reform proposals should be considered.
The document traces the evolution of the US retirement industry from its origins to modern 401(k) plans. It discusses the development of pensions in the late 19th century, the establishment of Social Security in 1935, and the shift to defined contribution plans and 401(k)s in the late 20th century. It also outlines major laws like ERISA and key challenges around funding pensions and Social Security in the future given rising lifespans. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the retirement system's history in the United States.
The document discusses key facts about Social Security benefits and the Social Security system in the United States. It notes that Social Security is the largest government program in the world, paying out over $700 billion annually to over 50 million people. The Supreme Court has upheld the constitutionality of the Social Security Act. The first person to receive a monthly Social Security payment was Ida May Fuller in 1940. Social Security provides benefits to retired workers, disabled workers, widows/widowers and dependents. The amount individuals receive varies depending on their income level and other factors. Workers and employers both pay a percentage of earnings to fund the Social Security system.
Suncorp Public Submission Inquiry into Microeconomic Reform Issues PaperFon Hah
This document is a submission from Suncorp to the Economic Regulation Authority of Western Australia regarding microeconomic reform in the state. Suncorp recommends introducing private capital into the workers compensation scheme for government agencies and the compulsory third party insurance scheme. This would drive greater investment and competition in the schemes. Suncorp also supports disability reform initiatives that could increase workforce participation rates in Western Australia. Microeconomic reforms of the statutory insurance market, including the potential privatization of schemes, could improve productivity in the large financial and insurance services sector and benefit the Western Australian economy.
The document summarizes provisions of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 regarding subsidies for COBRA health insurance premiums. It provides details on eligibility requirements, the amount of subsidies, how subsidies are administered and reimbursed, notification requirements, and income limits for receiving subsidies. The key points are that the Act provides subsidies of 65% of COBRA premiums for involuntarily terminated workers for up to 9 months, subsidies are claimed as a tax credit by employers/plans, and certain income thresholds apply for subsidy eligibility.
An up-to-date review of the Affordable Care Act, sometimes called ObamaCare. I will be presenting this tomorrow at the Crowne Plaza in White Plains, NY.
The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) allows individuals to continue their group health plan coverage in certain situations. Specifically, COBRA requires group health plans to offer continuation coverage to covered employees and dependents when coverage would otherwise be lost due to certain specific events...
Compliance Bulletin - Washington Enacts Employee-paid Long-term Care ProgramKelley M. Bendele
Starting in 2022, Washington will enact the nation's first state-operated long-term care program. Employees will pay a 0.58% payroll tax to fund benefits. In 2025, eligible individuals may receive up to $36,500 (adjusted for inflation) to pay for services like in-home care or nursing homes. To qualify, individuals must have paid into the program for 10 years without a five-year break or for three of the last six years, and require assistance with daily living activities. The program aims to help seniors pay for long-term care and reduce Medicaid costs for the state.
This document provides information about Social Security benefits in the United States, including retirement benefits, cost of living adjustments, eligibility requirements, benefit calculations, Medicare coverage, and planning for retirement. Key details include how Social Security benefits are calculated based on earnings history, the full retirement age increasing to 67, spousal and child benefits, survivors benefits, and Medicare enrollment periods.
Staffscapes, Inc. is a Human Resources Outsourcing firm that specializes in HR, Payroll & Benefits. We recently presented this slide show to a group of Colorado Small Business Owners and Managers and are sharing it with the general public today.
The document provides an overview of various federal, state, and local benefits programs available to individuals with disabilities or low incomes. It summarizes the eligibility requirements and services provided by key programs like Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Medicare, Medicaid, housing assistance, food stamps, and fuel assistance at both the federal and Vermont state levels. Contact information is provided for learning more about various Vermont health programs.
The document provides an overview of strategies for maximizing Social Security benefits. It discusses filing strategies such as claiming early benefits at age 62 or late benefits at age 70, filing and suspending strategies where one spouse files and suspends to allow the other to claim spousal benefits, and both spouses claiming their own benefits later. The future of Social Security is uncertain as the trust funds are projected to be depleted by 2037, requiring Congressional action to modify benefits and revenues.
By the 7th of every month employers must declare their employees regardless of whether there were changes or not. The Minister of Labour will issue a regulation on special dispensation applicable to domestic employers and small businesses or enterprises regarding the submission of information.
The Act prohibits agency or person purporting to be acting on behalf of the applicant to charge any fee against the applicant.
De Pere Area Chamber Affordable Care Act Presentation, JP Wieski, Wisconsin OCICheryl Detrick
Presentation on the Affordable Care Act given by J.P. Wieski, Legislative Liaison/Public Information Officer from the Office of the Commissioner of Insurance, State of Wisconsin to De Pere Area Chamber of Commerce on 9/11/13.
The document discusses alternatives to long-term care insurance (LTCI) for covering long-term care costs, including self-insuring using personal savings and income, using life insurance policies that allow access to death benefits for long-term care costs, and applying for Medicaid assistance. It notes that while LTCI provides dedicated coverage for long-term care, it can be expensive with a risk of paying premiums without ever needing the insurance. The alternatives aim to use existing assets like life insurance or qualify for government aid through Medicaid to help pay for long-term care.
Legislative Update Patient Protections And Affordable Care Act Timeline 4 1...ForestFinancialGroup
Forest Financial Group provides a legislative update on the timeline for implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Key provisions beginning in 2010 include a temporary reinsurance program for early retirees, establishing high-risk pools, and requiring dependent coverage until age 26. Starting in 2014, major reforms take effect such as prohibiting pre-existing condition exclusions, establishing health insurance exchanges, and expanding Medicaid eligibility. An excise tax on high-cost health plans begins in 2018.
1094-B & 1095-B: Reporting Requirements: A Step-by-Step Guide Mario K. Castillo
This document provides a step-by-step guide to completing Forms 1095-B and 1094-B for reporting health insurance coverage information to the IRS under the Affordable Care Act. It explains the purpose of the forms is to verify which individuals had health insurance coverage to avoid penalties. It outlines how to fill out each section of the forms including covered individuals' identifying information and months of coverage. Employers that are self-insured will report using Form 1095-B that gets sent to covered individuals and to the IRS, along with a transmittal Form 1094-B coversheet stating the number of 1095-B forms.
This chapter explores the major forms of social insurance in the United States: Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI); Unemployment Insurance (UI); and Workers’ Compensation. In addition, this chapter explores some of the major issues and problems surrounding social insurance programs.
This document discusses social security in employment. It begins with an introduction to social security and its elements. It then discusses social security under international human rights instruments and ILO conventions, including those ratified by Sri Lanka. Italy's social security system is presented as an example from another jurisdiction. Sri Lanka's national legislation dealing with social security is examined. The Social Security Board of Sri Lanka is described as well as social security schemes for different sectors. Recommendations are provided and the document concludes by noting some non-legal factors important to social security.
Health Reform Policy and Information UpdateTom Daly
The document discusses key provisions of the Affordable Care Act, including the individual mandate, health insurance exchanges, essential health benefits, Medicaid expansion, and the employer mandate. It provides details on eligibility and requirements for the individual mandate, health insurance exchanges, and employer mandate. The document also outlines goals and funding mechanisms for expanding health insurance coverage.
This document provides an overview and definitions related to employer-sponsored health care plans. It discusses the origins and evolution of health care benefits provided by employers. It also reviews key regulations like the Affordable Care Act and the types of health care plan designs available, including fee-for-service, managed care (HMOs and PPOs), and consumer-driven plans. Specific topics covered include plan costs, covered benefits, and factors that influence health insurance premiums.
This chapter introduces employee benefits as a component of total compensation packages. It defines employee benefits as compensation other than wages or salary, which can be legally required or offered at the discretion of employers. Benefits fulfill roles like protection from financial hardships, paid time off, and opportunities for employees and their families. The chapter outlines major legally required benefits established by acts like the Social Security Act and Affordable Care Act, as well as common discretionary benefits and considerations for designing benefits packages.
Suncorp Public Submission Inquiry into Microeconomic Reform Issues PaperFon Hah
This document is a submission from Suncorp to the Economic Regulation Authority of Western Australia regarding microeconomic reform in the state. Suncorp recommends introducing private capital into the workers compensation scheme for government agencies and the compulsory third party insurance scheme. This would drive greater investment and competition in the schemes. Suncorp also supports disability reform initiatives that could increase workforce participation rates in Western Australia. Microeconomic reforms of the statutory insurance market, including the potential privatization of schemes, could improve productivity in the large financial and insurance services sector and benefit the Western Australian economy.
The document summarizes provisions of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 regarding subsidies for COBRA health insurance premiums. It provides details on eligibility requirements, the amount of subsidies, how subsidies are administered and reimbursed, notification requirements, and income limits for receiving subsidies. The key points are that the Act provides subsidies of 65% of COBRA premiums for involuntarily terminated workers for up to 9 months, subsidies are claimed as a tax credit by employers/plans, and certain income thresholds apply for subsidy eligibility.
An up-to-date review of the Affordable Care Act, sometimes called ObamaCare. I will be presenting this tomorrow at the Crowne Plaza in White Plains, NY.
The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) allows individuals to continue their group health plan coverage in certain situations. Specifically, COBRA requires group health plans to offer continuation coverage to covered employees and dependents when coverage would otherwise be lost due to certain specific events...
Compliance Bulletin - Washington Enacts Employee-paid Long-term Care ProgramKelley M. Bendele
Starting in 2022, Washington will enact the nation's first state-operated long-term care program. Employees will pay a 0.58% payroll tax to fund benefits. In 2025, eligible individuals may receive up to $36,500 (adjusted for inflation) to pay for services like in-home care or nursing homes. To qualify, individuals must have paid into the program for 10 years without a five-year break or for three of the last six years, and require assistance with daily living activities. The program aims to help seniors pay for long-term care and reduce Medicaid costs for the state.
This document provides information about Social Security benefits in the United States, including retirement benefits, cost of living adjustments, eligibility requirements, benefit calculations, Medicare coverage, and planning for retirement. Key details include how Social Security benefits are calculated based on earnings history, the full retirement age increasing to 67, spousal and child benefits, survivors benefits, and Medicare enrollment periods.
Staffscapes, Inc. is a Human Resources Outsourcing firm that specializes in HR, Payroll & Benefits. We recently presented this slide show to a group of Colorado Small Business Owners and Managers and are sharing it with the general public today.
The document provides an overview of various federal, state, and local benefits programs available to individuals with disabilities or low incomes. It summarizes the eligibility requirements and services provided by key programs like Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Medicare, Medicaid, housing assistance, food stamps, and fuel assistance at both the federal and Vermont state levels. Contact information is provided for learning more about various Vermont health programs.
The document provides an overview of strategies for maximizing Social Security benefits. It discusses filing strategies such as claiming early benefits at age 62 or late benefits at age 70, filing and suspending strategies where one spouse files and suspends to allow the other to claim spousal benefits, and both spouses claiming their own benefits later. The future of Social Security is uncertain as the trust funds are projected to be depleted by 2037, requiring Congressional action to modify benefits and revenues.
By the 7th of every month employers must declare their employees regardless of whether there were changes or not. The Minister of Labour will issue a regulation on special dispensation applicable to domestic employers and small businesses or enterprises regarding the submission of information.
The Act prohibits agency or person purporting to be acting on behalf of the applicant to charge any fee against the applicant.
De Pere Area Chamber Affordable Care Act Presentation, JP Wieski, Wisconsin OCICheryl Detrick
Presentation on the Affordable Care Act given by J.P. Wieski, Legislative Liaison/Public Information Officer from the Office of the Commissioner of Insurance, State of Wisconsin to De Pere Area Chamber of Commerce on 9/11/13.
The document discusses alternatives to long-term care insurance (LTCI) for covering long-term care costs, including self-insuring using personal savings and income, using life insurance policies that allow access to death benefits for long-term care costs, and applying for Medicaid assistance. It notes that while LTCI provides dedicated coverage for long-term care, it can be expensive with a risk of paying premiums without ever needing the insurance. The alternatives aim to use existing assets like life insurance or qualify for government aid through Medicaid to help pay for long-term care.
Legislative Update Patient Protections And Affordable Care Act Timeline 4 1...ForestFinancialGroup
Forest Financial Group provides a legislative update on the timeline for implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Key provisions beginning in 2010 include a temporary reinsurance program for early retirees, establishing high-risk pools, and requiring dependent coverage until age 26. Starting in 2014, major reforms take effect such as prohibiting pre-existing condition exclusions, establishing health insurance exchanges, and expanding Medicaid eligibility. An excise tax on high-cost health plans begins in 2018.
1094-B & 1095-B: Reporting Requirements: A Step-by-Step Guide Mario K. Castillo
This document provides a step-by-step guide to completing Forms 1095-B and 1094-B for reporting health insurance coverage information to the IRS under the Affordable Care Act. It explains the purpose of the forms is to verify which individuals had health insurance coverage to avoid penalties. It outlines how to fill out each section of the forms including covered individuals' identifying information and months of coverage. Employers that are self-insured will report using Form 1095-B that gets sent to covered individuals and to the IRS, along with a transmittal Form 1094-B coversheet stating the number of 1095-B forms.
This chapter explores the major forms of social insurance in the United States: Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI); Unemployment Insurance (UI); and Workers’ Compensation. In addition, this chapter explores some of the major issues and problems surrounding social insurance programs.
This document discusses social security in employment. It begins with an introduction to social security and its elements. It then discusses social security under international human rights instruments and ILO conventions, including those ratified by Sri Lanka. Italy's social security system is presented as an example from another jurisdiction. Sri Lanka's national legislation dealing with social security is examined. The Social Security Board of Sri Lanka is described as well as social security schemes for different sectors. Recommendations are provided and the document concludes by noting some non-legal factors important to social security.
Health Reform Policy and Information UpdateTom Daly
The document discusses key provisions of the Affordable Care Act, including the individual mandate, health insurance exchanges, essential health benefits, Medicaid expansion, and the employer mandate. It provides details on eligibility and requirements for the individual mandate, health insurance exchanges, and employer mandate. The document also outlines goals and funding mechanisms for expanding health insurance coverage.
This document provides an overview and definitions related to employer-sponsored health care plans. It discusses the origins and evolution of health care benefits provided by employers. It also reviews key regulations like the Affordable Care Act and the types of health care plan designs available, including fee-for-service, managed care (HMOs and PPOs), and consumer-driven plans. Specific topics covered include plan costs, covered benefits, and factors that influence health insurance premiums.
This chapter introduces employee benefits as a component of total compensation packages. It defines employee benefits as compensation other than wages or salary, which can be legally required or offered at the discretion of employers. Benefits fulfill roles like protection from financial hardships, paid time off, and opportunities for employees and their families. The chapter outlines major legally required benefits established by acts like the Social Security Act and Affordable Care Act, as well as common discretionary benefits and considerations for designing benefits packages.
The document discusses various types of paid time-off and flexible work arrangement benefits that companies provide to employees. It covers 14 common types of paid time-off practices like holidays, vacation time, sick leave, personal leave, and family leave. The document also discusses laws governing these benefits, such as the Family and Medical Leave Act, and how companies structure policies around vacation time, sick leave, and integrated paid time-off banks. Finally, it discusses flexible work arrangements including flextime, compressed workweeks, and telecommuting.
This chapter discusses employee benefits, including legally required benefits like workers' compensation, Social Security, and unemployment insurance. It covers retirement and savings plans such as defined benefit pensions, 401(k) plans, and IRAs. Health care benefits like medical insurance, life insurance, and disability coverage are also addressed. The chapter examines strategies for controlling costs and considers benefits for contingent workers.
The document provides an overview of employer-sponsored retirement plans, including defined benefit plans and defined contribution plans. It discusses key features such as vesting rules, accrual rules, nondiscrimination testing, and distribution requirements that qualified retirement plans must meet. Specific plan types like flat benefit and unit benefit formulas for defined benefit plans are also covered. The document aims to define and explore various retirement plan structures and requirements.
This document discusses the key laws regulating employee benefits in the United States. It covers the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, which protects employees' right to unionize and collectively bargain over mandatory subjects like health insurance and retirement plans. It also discusses the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which establishes minimum wage and overtime pay. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) is analyzed in depth, as it regulates retirement programs and other benefits. ERISA aims to protect benefits and ensure adequate funding of pension plans. It requires disclosure of plan information and establishes fiduciary duties for those managing the plans.
This document provides information about insurance companies, including life insurance companies and property-casualty insurance companies. It discusses the primary functions of insurance companies, types of insurance policies, major assets and liabilities of life and property-casualty insurers, regulation of the insurance industry, and recent trends in underwriting ratios for property-casualty insurers. It also provides examples of calculating annuity payments and analyzes balance sheets and financial ratios of life and property-casualty insurers.
This chapter discusses employee benefits and their management. It covers the growth in benefits costs due to laws and taxes. Common benefit programs in the US include social insurance, private group insurance, retirement plans, and family-friendly policies. The chapter also examines strategies for controlling benefits costs, such as healthcare plans, wellness programs, and regulatory compliance. Effective communication with employees about benefits is also discussed.
This document discusses employee benefits programs that companies offer to promote employee well-being. It begins by defining accommodation and enhancement benefits, which aim to promote mental/physical wellness, family assistance, education, and daily living support. Companies offer these benefits because costs of absenteeism are higher than providing benefits. The document then examines employee assistance programs and wellness programs in more detail, covering topics like employee assistance program services and delivery options, wellness program examples, and the benefits of wellness programs for employers.
Chapter 22_Insurance Companies and Pension FundsRusman Mukhlis
This document summarizes key topics related to insurance companies and pension funds. It discusses the fundamentals of insurance, types of insurance like life and health insurance, and how insurance companies are organized and regulated. It also covers the different types of pension plans like defined benefit and defined contribution, and how pension plans are regulated in the US by acts like ERISA.
Insurance companies play an important role in society by compensating policyholders for specified events in exchange for premiums. There are two main types of insurance companies: life insurers which provide protection for death, illness, and retirement, and property-casualty insurers which protect against accidents and liability. Both types of insurers pool risks, invest premiums, and must balance premium income with payouts to remain profitable. Strict regulation at the state level oversees insurance company operations and solvency.
Insurance companies play an important role in society by compensating policyholders for specified events in exchange for premiums. There are two main types of insurance companies: life insurers which provide protection for death, illness, and retirement, and property-casualty insurers which protect against accidents and liability. Both types pool risks, invest premiums, and must balance premium income with payouts to remain profitable. Strict regulation by states aims to ensure solvency and protect policyholders.
HUSC 3366 Chapter 10 Financial Planning with Life InsuranceRita Conley
This chapter discusses financial planning with life insurance and annuities. It defines life insurance and methods for determining insurance needs. It distinguishes between types of life insurance companies and policies, and how to select policy provisions and buy insurance. It also recognizes how annuities can provide financial security in retirement.
1) The document discusses insurance companies and pension funds, including the fundamentals of insurance, types of insurance like life and health, and types of pensions like defined-benefit and defined-contribution plans.
2) It also covers topics like adverse selection, moral hazard, and regulation of insurance companies and pension plans. Key trends are discussed, such as declining numbers of life insurers and issues facing pension funding.
3) The growth of credit default swaps is examined, including the role they played in the AIG bailout during the financial crisis. Challenges facing programs like Social Security are also summarized.
- Insurance companies provide insurance policies to policyholders in exchange for premium payments. The policies are legally binding contracts where the insurance company agrees to pay specified sums if future events occur, such as death or an accident.
- Insurance companies accept the risk from policyholders in exchange for premiums. They determine which applications to accept and how much to charge through underwriting. Premiums provide stable revenue while payments to policyholders are the major expense.
- There are various types of insurance like life, health, property & casualty, liability, and investment-oriented products. Insurance companies combine these types of insurance in different ways and are regulated at the state level in the US.
This document discusses group insurance, including its key concepts and features. Group insurance insures a group rather than individuals, with one policy covering many people. It provides security and benefits to employees. Premiums are lower than individual policies since risks are spread across a group. The document outlines various types of group insurance schemes in India like group term insurance, group savings-linked insurance, and group gratuity and superannuation schemes. It also discusses insurers' obligations to provide rural and social sector insurance.
This document provides an overview and summary of key issues related to the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). It discusses how the realities of Massachusetts health reform foreshadowed challenges with PPACA, including rising costs. It also summarizes issues like delays to the employer mandate, the viability of "skinny plans", increased regulation of self-funding, and fiduciary duty concerns for third-party administrators. The document concludes by outlining some of the hottest issues in reform, such as essential health benefits, dependent coverage rules, and annual open enrollment periods.
Defined contribution plans such as 401(k)s and IRAs became popular alternatives to defined benefit pension plans due to lower costs and risk for employers. With defined contribution plans, contributions are defined but the retirement amount depends on investment returns. Employees control investment choices and bear investment risk. Maximum annual contributions are $16,500 for 401(k)s and $5,000-$6,000 for IRAs, depending on age. Traditional IRA contributions are tax deductible while Roth IRA contributions are not tax deductible but withdrawals are tax free. Income limits apply for deductible IRA contributions.
This is the brief document about Birla Sun Life Group..which include almost all its insurance plans, and policies. This documents also help those students and people how are seeking to get to know about BSLI. I provide all the detailed history about birla group in this documents..:)
The document discusses the drivers and pressures for organizational change. It identifies that change comes from both external environmental pressures such as competition, regulations and technological changes as well as internal pressures like growth, leadership changes, and politics. Some of the key external pressures mentioned are globalization, hypercompetition, and reputation concerns. The document also examines why organizations may not change in response to environmental pressures or after crises, citing factors such as organizational learning difficulties and defensive priorities over innovation.
This document discusses evolutionary developmental biology and how changes in development can lead to evolutionary changes. It provides examples of modularity and molecular parsimony which help explain this. Modularity means parts of the body and DNA can develop differently. Molecular parsimony means organisms share developmental toolkit genes. The document then discusses specific examples like stickleback fish pelvic spines being due to different Pitx1 expression, and Darwin's finches having beak shape variations due to differing Bmp4 and Calmodulin expression levels. Mechanisms of evolutionary change include changes in location, timing, amount, or kind of gene expression.
Developmental plasticity allows an organism's phenotype to change in response to environmental conditions during development. There are two main types of phenotypic plasticity: reaction norms, where the environment determines the phenotype from a continuum of genetic possibilities, and polyphenisms, where discrete alternative phenotypes are produced. Examples include caterpillars changing appearance to match plant growth stages, frogs hatching early in response to vibrations, and temperature determining sex in crocodiles. Stressors like water levels can also influence development, as seen in spadefoot toads. Symbiotic relationships between organisms, like nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plant roots, are important to development and often involve vertical transmission from parents. Gut bacteria are also necessary for
This document discusses several genetic and environmental factors that can influence human development. Genetic factors like pleiotropy and mosaicism can result in syndromes with multiple abnormalities. The same genetic mutation can also produce different phenotypes depending on gene interactions. Environmental teratogens during critical periods of embryonic development can irreversibly damage organ formation, with alcohol, retinoic acid, and endocrine disruptors like bisphenol A and atrazine posing particular risks like fetal alcohol syndrome, cleft palate, lower sperm counts, and cancer. Both genetic and environmental heterogeneity contribute to the complexity of human development.
The endoderm forms the epithelial lining of the digestive and respiratory systems. It gives rise to tissues like the notochord, heart, blood vessels, and parts of the mesoderm. The endoderm comes from two sources - the definitive endoderm and the visceral endoderm. The transcription factor Sox17 marks and regulates the formation of the endoderm. The endoderm lines tubes in the body and gives rise to organs like the liver, pancreas, lungs and digestive system through the formation of buds and pouches along the foregut.
The document summarizes the development of the intermediate mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm. The intermediate mesoderm forms the urogenital system including the kidneys, ureters, ovaries, fallopian tubes, testes and vas deferens. Kidney development occurs through the pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros stages. The lateral plate mesoderm splits into somatic and splanchnic layers and forms the heart through the merging of cardiac progenitor cells from both sides of the embryo. The heart tube loops to the right to begin resembling the four-chambered adult heart.
The paraxial mesoderm lies just lateral to the notochord and gives rise to vertebrae, skeletal muscles, and skin connective tissue. It is divided into somites which then form dermomyotomes and sclerotomes. Dermomyotomes develop into dermatomes that make dermis and myotomes that form back, rib, and body wall muscles. Sclerotomes form the vertebrae and rib cage. Somitogenesis occurs through a clock-wavefront model where somites sequentially segment from cranial to caudal regions under the influence of signaling molecules like retinoic acid and FGF.
The document summarizes ectodermal placodes and the epidermis. It discusses how placodes give rise to sensory structures like the eye lens, inner ear, and nose. It describes the different cranial placodes that form sensory tissues and nerves, including the anterior placodes that form the pituitary gland and eye lens. The intermediate placodes form nerves involved in sensation of the face and hearing/balance. The epidermis derives from surface ectoderm under the influence of BMPs and forms the protective outer layer of skin and its appendages like hair, sweat glands, and teeth.
- The neural plate transforms into a neural tube through a process called neurulation regulated by proteins like BMP and transcription factors like Sox1, 2, and 3.
- Primary neurulation involves the elongation, bending, and convergence of the neural folds before their closure at the midline to form the neural tube. Key regulation events involve hinge points at the midline and dorsolateral edges.
- Neural tube defects can occur if closure fails, as in spina bifida where the posterior neuropore remains open, preventing proper spinal cord development.
Mammalian development begins with fertilization and cleavage of the egg. The egg develops membranes that allow development outside of water. In mammals, the placenta exchanges gases and nutrients between the embryo and mother. Cleavage is rotational, with zygotic genes activating later than other animals. Cells compact and the morula forms an inner cell mass and trophoblast cells. The trophoblast secretes fluid to form a blastocyst cavity. The inner cell mass forms the epiblast and hypoblast, which generate the embryo and extraembryonic tissues through gastrulation. Axis formation is guided by gradients of genes like HOX and left/right asymmetries are regulated by proteins including Nodal.
- Drosophila melanogaster is a useful model organism for studying development due to its short life cycle, fully sequenced genome, and ease of breeding.
- Early Drosophila development involves syncytial cleavage where nuclei divide without cell division, specifying the dorsal/ventral and anterior/posterior axes.
- Fertilization occurs when sperm enters an egg that has already begun specifying axes; maternal and paternal chromosomes remain separate during early divisions.
This document summarizes key patterns in animal development. It describes that animals undergo gastrulation where cells migrate to form germ layers and axes. Animals are categorized into 35 phyla based on features like germ layers, organ formation, and cleavage patterns. It describes that diploblastic animals have two germ layers while most are triploblastic with three germ layers. Triploblastic animals are further divided into protostomes and deuterostomes based on mouth formation. The document also provides examples of cleavage patterns in snails which are spirally arranged in either a dextral or sinistral pattern determined by maternal factors.
1) Sex determination in mammals is primarily determined by the XY sex determination system, with females having XX and males having XY. The SRY gene on the Y chromosome causes the development of testes.
2) The gonads are initially bipotential but develop into either ovaries or testes based on the sex chromosomes. Testes secrete AMH and testosterone to direct male development while ovaries secrete estrogens for female development.
3) Gametogenesis includes the process of meiosis which produces haploid gametes from diploid germ cells in the gonads. In females, oogenesis begins in the embryo but arrests until puberty while spermatogenesis only occurs at puberty in males.
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can divide and differentiate into specialized cell types. There are several types of stem cells defined by their potency, including totipotent stem cells found in early embryos, pluripotent stem cells in the embryo, and multipotent adult stem cells. Stem cell regulation is controlled through extracellular signals from the stem cell niche and intracellular factors that influence gene expression and cell fate. Researchers have also induced pluripotency in adult cells by introducing genes that code for key transcription factors.
This document discusses cell-to-cell communication and how it allows for the development of specialized tissues and organs through three main mechanisms: cell adhering, cell shape changing, and cell signaling. It describes how cells interact at the cell membrane through various receptor and ligand proteins. These interactions can be homophilic or heterophilic, and occur through direct contact between neighboring cells (juxtacrine signaling) or over short distances (paracrine signaling). Differential adhesion and cadherins allow cells to sort themselves into tissues based on adhesion strengths. The extracellular matrix and integrins also influence cell communication and development.
Differential gene expression refers to the process where different genes are activated in different cell types, leading to cellular specialization. While all cells contain the full genome, only a small percentage of genes are expressed in each cell. Gene expression is regulated at multiple levels, including differential transcription, selective pre-mRNA processing, selective mRNA translation, and posttranslational protein modification. The most common mechanisms involve regulating transcription through epigenetic modifications of chromatin and the use of transcription factors.
The document summarizes key stages in animal development from fertilization through organogenesis. It begins with fertilization and cleavage, followed by gastrulation where the three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm) are formed. During organogenesis, organs develop from the germ layers. Metamorphosis may also occur to transition organisms like frogs from immature to sexually mature forms. Examples are provided of developmental processes in frogs and other model organisms like fruit flies and plants. Cell behavior and patterning during these stages are also discussed.
The document discusses considerations for small businesses when hiring employees. It covers deciding when to hire an employee, defining job roles, writing job descriptions, attracting and evaluating candidates, selecting the right hire, training employees, rewarding and compensating employees, and managing ownership and dividends when there are family business partners involved. The key aspects of setting up an employee program for a small business are planning job roles, writing thorough job descriptions, developing fair hiring and review processes, providing training, and establishing clear compensation and ownership structures.
This document discusses various legal issues that small business owners should be aware of, including:
- Understanding the different types of laws (federal, state, local) that may apply to a small business.
- Hiring an experienced small business attorney to provide legal advice and represent the business as needed.
- Choosing an appropriate legal structure for the business, such as a sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, or LLC.
- Protecting the business name as intellectual property and complying with regulations regarding contracts, liability, taxation and other legal matters.
This document discusses risk management and insurance for small businesses. It begins by defining risk for business owners and identifying common sources of risk such as financial investments, theft, nonpayment of debts, and natural disasters. It then examines risks related to a business's property, personnel, customers, and intangible property. The document provides strategies for managing these risks, such as developing policies and procedures, securing valuable assets, and obtaining different types of insurance. It concludes by discussing ways for businesses to share risk through joint ventures, industry groups, and government funding programs.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,