This document discusses hydraulic and pneumatic systems. It provides details on hydrostatic and hydrodynamic power transmission. Hydrostatic transmission allows for continuous variation and is commonly used for linear movement against large forces or exact positioning. The document outlines typical hydraulic system components like pumps, valves, actuators. Advantages are discussed such as creating large forces and compact design. Fluid properties like viscosity and types of hydraulic fluids are also summarized. The document concludes with basics of hydraulic calculations involving flow resistance, pressure transmission, and continuity equations.
This document discusses best practices for maintaining hydraulic systems. It emphasizes that contamination control is the number one priority, and outlines various causes of contamination and failures in hydraulic systems. The document recommends developing an effective preventative maintenance and predictive maintenance program for hydraulic systems, with a focus on failure mode identification and mitigation. It also stresses the importance of education in hydraulic fundamentals, maintenance, and troubleshooting. Measurement of hydraulic system reliability is advised.
IRJET-Design and Analysis of Kalina Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery from 4 Stro...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a Kalina cycle for waste heat recovery from a multi-cylinder petrol engine. The Kalina cycle uses an ammonia-water working fluid mixture, which allows for more efficient heat transfer compared to the traditional Rankine cycle using a pure fluid like water. The document analyzes the specifications, heat losses, and performance of a 4-cylinder petrol engine. It then calculates the potential efficiency of implementing a Kalina cycle to recover waste heat from the engine exhaust. The Kalina cycle could capture otherwise lost heat and improve the overall thermal efficiency of the engine system.
Introduction to hydraulics and pneumaticsPranit Mehta
In this students will understand basic of hydraulic and pneumatic systems with their advantages and disadvantages. They also will able to know ISO symbols used in hydraulics and pneumatics.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Systemic Optimization Approach for the Design of Natural Gas Dehydration PlantIJRES Journal
In designing dehydration units for natural gas, several critical parameters exist which can be varied to achieve a specified dew point depression. This paper studies the effects of varying number of trays in the contactor, glycol circulation rate through the contactor, temperature of the reboiler in the regenerator, amount of stripping gas used and operating pressure of the regenerator on the water content of the gas in a glycol dehydration unit. The effect of incorporating free water knock out (FWKO) tank before the absorber is also presented. An offshore platform in the Arctic region was chosen as the base case of this simulation and was modeled by using ASPEN HYSYS. Results show that the incorporation of FWKOT does not affect the TEG circulation rate required to approach equilibrium.
This is basic ppt for Hydraulics and Pneumatics introduction. It states concept of both, their respective advantages, disadvantages along with great number of practical examples.
This also includes circuits of hydraulics and pneumatics with different components.
I hope you appreciate this efforts.
Do like, share and comment.
Aditya Deshpande
A hydraulic system uses a piston inside a cylinder to transmit power using an incompressible fluid. It includes a storage tank, filter, pump, pressure regulator, control valve, and piping. Hydraulic systems are used widely in industrial machinery, mobile equipment, automobiles, marine vessels, and aerospace applications due to their ability to produce consistent power output. Directional control valves are used to control fluid flow and actuator motion in hydraulic circuits. Common types include poppet and spool valves in 2-way, 3-way, and 4-way configurations actuated manually or automatically.
There are three main methods used to chill natural gas into its liquid constituents: refrigeration, pressure reduction, and expansion. Refrigeration uses an external refrigeration system to cool the gas stream. Pressure reduction uses a pressure reducing valve to lower the pressure and temperature. Expansion utilizes the energy released when gas at high pressure and temperature expands through a compressor-expander, lowering the temperature. Each method recovers different percentages of the heavier hydrocarbons like ethane, propane, and butanes. Cryogenics, a more advanced expansion method, can recover up to 95% of ethane compared to 70-80% for other methods.
This document discusses best practices for maintaining hydraulic systems. It emphasizes that contamination control is the number one priority, and outlines various causes of contamination and failures in hydraulic systems. The document recommends developing an effective preventative maintenance and predictive maintenance program for hydraulic systems, with a focus on failure mode identification and mitigation. It also stresses the importance of education in hydraulic fundamentals, maintenance, and troubleshooting. Measurement of hydraulic system reliability is advised.
IRJET-Design and Analysis of Kalina Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery from 4 Stro...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a Kalina cycle for waste heat recovery from a multi-cylinder petrol engine. The Kalina cycle uses an ammonia-water working fluid mixture, which allows for more efficient heat transfer compared to the traditional Rankine cycle using a pure fluid like water. The document analyzes the specifications, heat losses, and performance of a 4-cylinder petrol engine. It then calculates the potential efficiency of implementing a Kalina cycle to recover waste heat from the engine exhaust. The Kalina cycle could capture otherwise lost heat and improve the overall thermal efficiency of the engine system.
Introduction to hydraulics and pneumaticsPranit Mehta
In this students will understand basic of hydraulic and pneumatic systems with their advantages and disadvantages. They also will able to know ISO symbols used in hydraulics and pneumatics.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Systemic Optimization Approach for the Design of Natural Gas Dehydration PlantIJRES Journal
In designing dehydration units for natural gas, several critical parameters exist which can be varied to achieve a specified dew point depression. This paper studies the effects of varying number of trays in the contactor, glycol circulation rate through the contactor, temperature of the reboiler in the regenerator, amount of stripping gas used and operating pressure of the regenerator on the water content of the gas in a glycol dehydration unit. The effect of incorporating free water knock out (FWKO) tank before the absorber is also presented. An offshore platform in the Arctic region was chosen as the base case of this simulation and was modeled by using ASPEN HYSYS. Results show that the incorporation of FWKOT does not affect the TEG circulation rate required to approach equilibrium.
This is basic ppt for Hydraulics and Pneumatics introduction. It states concept of both, their respective advantages, disadvantages along with great number of practical examples.
This also includes circuits of hydraulics and pneumatics with different components.
I hope you appreciate this efforts.
Do like, share and comment.
Aditya Deshpande
A hydraulic system uses a piston inside a cylinder to transmit power using an incompressible fluid. It includes a storage tank, filter, pump, pressure regulator, control valve, and piping. Hydraulic systems are used widely in industrial machinery, mobile equipment, automobiles, marine vessels, and aerospace applications due to their ability to produce consistent power output. Directional control valves are used to control fluid flow and actuator motion in hydraulic circuits. Common types include poppet and spool valves in 2-way, 3-way, and 4-way configurations actuated manually or automatically.
There are three main methods used to chill natural gas into its liquid constituents: refrigeration, pressure reduction, and expansion. Refrigeration uses an external refrigeration system to cool the gas stream. Pressure reduction uses a pressure reducing valve to lower the pressure and temperature. Expansion utilizes the energy released when gas at high pressure and temperature expands through a compressor-expander, lowering the temperature. Each method recovers different percentages of the heavier hydrocarbons like ethane, propane, and butanes. Cryogenics, a more advanced expansion method, can recover up to 95% of ethane compared to 70-80% for other methods.
Learn the basic operating principles of circuit breakers as well as the different types. Review the range of operating mechanisms with a focus on pneumatics and compressors.
MORE INFORMATION - http://www.idc-online.com/content/hv-circuit-breaker-operating-mechanisms-pneumatic-compressor-systems-25
This document provides an overview of hydraulics and pneumatics systems. It defines the terms, explains basic concepts like Pascal's law and fluid power transmission. It describes the working principles of hydraulic and pneumatic systems, including components like pumps, valves, actuators. Examples of applications in various industries like manufacturing, automobiles are given. The advantages and disadvantages of both systems are listed. Overall it serves as a introductory guide to the fundamentals and applications of hydraulics and pneumatics.
The document discusses natural gas processing and distribution. It describes how natural gas is formed underground from decomposing organic matter over millions of years. It then discusses how raw natural gas is processed by removing impurities before being distributed through pipelines to end users. The distribution process involves transporting gas through local pipelines at lower pressures to individual consumers. Safety measures are emphasized throughout the distribution process. Biogas is also discussed as a renewable energy that can be produced from organic waste and used similarly to natural gas.
Learn the basic operating principles of circuit breakers as well as the different types. Review the range of operating mechanisms with a focus on pneumatics and compressors.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/hv-circuit-breaker-operating-mechanisms-pneumatic-compressor-systems-24
Master class presentation on artificial lift screening and selection. Prepared for Praxis' Interactive Technology Workshop on Artificial Lift, Dubai, September 2013.
The document summarizes the key components and processes involved in oil production from offshore platforms. It describes how oil and gas are separated after being extracted from subsea wells through manifolds and gathered into the platform. The separated oil, gas, and water then undergo further treatment processes like compression and removal of impurities. Final stages involve storage of oil and gas, metering for export, and transfer through pipelines or marine loading to tankers for transportation.
The document provides an outline and overview of key systems involved in oil production, including control and safety systems, power generation and distribution, flare and atmospheric ventilation, instrument air, HVAC, water systems, chemicals and additives, and telecom. It then provides more detailed descriptions of processes control, emergency shutdown systems, condition monitoring, production information management systems, and training simulators.
The document provides an overview of oil production processes, including exploration and drilling, reservoir characteristics, well completion, and artificial lift methods. It discusses the facilities and main process sections involved, and describes in detail the components and functions of wellheads, different types of reservoirs and crude oil, natural gas and condensates extracted. Common artificial lift techniques like rod pumps, downhole pumps, gas lift and plunger lift are also summarized. The document concludes with an overview of well workovers, interventions and stimulation methods used to improve production.
The document discusses Modelon's Fuel System Library which provides component models for simulating aircraft fuel systems. The library allows modeling of fuel tanks, pipes, valves, pumps, ejectors and other components. It can be used to simulate fuel system behavior under various operating conditions and ensure robust system performance. The library supports real-time simulation and integration with other Modelon libraries for multi-domain system modeling. The latest release is version 2019.1 which includes usability and performance improvements.
The document discusses liquefied natural gas (LNG) processes from gas treatment and liquefaction to storage, transport, and regasification. It provides diagrams of common liquefaction cycles including cascade, Joule-Thomson, closed-cycle, and open-cycle systems. Storage involves insulating tanks to minimize boil-off. Transport is via specialized LNG tankers. Regasification involves pumping LNG and heating it in stages using propane and seawater heat exchangers to vaporize it for distribution by pipeline.
Rational Artificial Lift Selection by Mike BerryDaniel Matranga
Michael R Berry, PE presented a document summarizing various artificial lift methods. The document provided brief overviews of gas lift, plunger lift, reciprocating rod pumps, progressing cavity pumps, hydraulic piston pumps, hydraulic jet pumps, and electric submersible pumps. It discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each method and factors like depth capacity, rate capacity, tolerance of sand and gas, and costs. The presentation emphasized that artificial lift selection should maximize economic returns and consider how the method impacts future production over the life of the well.
This document discusses the potential for using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an aviation fuel. It provides historical background on LNG use in other industries. It then covers technical issues regarding LNG use in aircraft like tank configurations and impact on aircraft design. The document also discusses price, safety, and environmental aspects of LNG compared to conventional jet fuel. It proposes potential research projects and partnerships to further evaluate the feasibility and benefits of powering aircraft with LNG.
The Economic Comparison Between Dry Natural Gas And Nitrogen Gas For Strippin...inventionjournals
Natural gas isa substantial energy source among other sources of fossil fuels. It is usually produced saturated with water vapor under production conditions. The natural gas dehydration is very paramount in the gas industry to stripthe water vapor existing in the gas production, at low-temperature conditions that may plug the system because of hydrate formation in pipelines. Totake off water vapor from natural gas flow usestriethylene glycol (TEG) in the gas dehydration process. In the glycol method, the wet gas is contactwith leanglycolinan absorber to dehydrate naturalgas and the rich glycol will be recovered and used again. This paper deals with stripping gas in the regenerator of glycol dehydration package with part of dry natural gas instead of nitrogen for stripping water vapor from triethylene glycol and studying the economic comparison between both of them by using modeling and simulation with HYSYS program. The two methods were investigated and evaluated to choose the optimal one with respect to the capital and utility costs, provided that keeping the same specifications and quantity of the glycol purity.In addition, the wet gas from the stripping process can be used to operate texsteam pumps and compressors or recycle with wet gas feed. The model has been built according to the actual process flow diagram. Finally, the results of this model could be considered as a basis on which a new heat and material balance will be developed for the plant.
Transporting grain by barge is an ecological and cost-efficient alternative to railway and truck haulage. Bühler’s low-maintenance Bargolink unloading system makes this mode of transport even more competitive.
Separator sizing and droplet sizes low shear school - 2017Low Shear School
The document discusses different methods for sizing three-phase separators, including retention time theory, droplet settling theory, and fluid carryover specification combined with estimated droplet size distributions. The droplet settling method calculates the separator dimensions based on the cut-off droplet diameter to be separated, while the fluid carryover method is more complex and utilizes inlet and outlet fluid quality specifications along with estimated droplet size distributions. Maintaining larger dispersed phase droplets upstream of the separator can improve separation efficiency by reducing retention time and fluid carryover.
The document discusses cargo tank venting and inert gas systems on board ships. It introduces the inert gas system and explains how it works to suppress flammability through increasing the oxygen content. It describes the key components of inert gas systems including scrubbers, fans, deck water seals, and instrumentation. It also covers inert gas production methods, system layouts, and applications to shipboard operations like cargo handling and tank washing.
Hydraulic System :- A hydraulic system is a system that uses pressurized hydraulic fluid to power hydraulic machinery.
Pneumatic System :- In Pneumatic system Compressed air is Used instead of Liquid
Tư vấn miễn phí & Đặt hàng dầu nhớt : 0908.131.884 Anh Quyền. Công ty TNHH TMDV Hoài Phương là Tổng đại lý dầu nhớt AP Oil , Saigon Petro khu vực miền đông nam bộ, Cam kết giá tốt nhât, chất lượng tốt nhất, Giao hàng nhanh chóng nhất, Hậu mãi chu đáo nhất.
This document provides an overview of fluid power systems and hydraulics. It discusses the history and applications of fluid power, including using water wheels and windmills. The key types of fluid power systems are hydraulic and pneumatic. Hydraulic systems use high-pressure liquids like oil while pneumatic systems use compressed gases like air. The document also covers fluid properties, hydraulic components, basics of hydraulics like laminar and turbulent flow, and applications of fluid power systems in construction, mining, agriculture and more.
Fluid power principles and hydraulic pumpsKawinKit
This document provides an overview of fluid power systems and hydraulic fundamentals. It discusses the history and applications of fluid power, different types of fluid power systems including hydraulic and pneumatic. It also covers properties of hydraulic fluids, fluid power symbols, basics of hydraulics including Pascal's law and hydraulic components like pumps, actuators and valves. The document compares different power transmission methods and provides details on positive displacement pumps and their operating principles.
Learn the basic operating principles of circuit breakers as well as the different types. Review the range of operating mechanisms with a focus on pneumatics and compressors.
MORE INFORMATION - http://www.idc-online.com/content/hv-circuit-breaker-operating-mechanisms-pneumatic-compressor-systems-25
This document provides an overview of hydraulics and pneumatics systems. It defines the terms, explains basic concepts like Pascal's law and fluid power transmission. It describes the working principles of hydraulic and pneumatic systems, including components like pumps, valves, actuators. Examples of applications in various industries like manufacturing, automobiles are given. The advantages and disadvantages of both systems are listed. Overall it serves as a introductory guide to the fundamentals and applications of hydraulics and pneumatics.
The document discusses natural gas processing and distribution. It describes how natural gas is formed underground from decomposing organic matter over millions of years. It then discusses how raw natural gas is processed by removing impurities before being distributed through pipelines to end users. The distribution process involves transporting gas through local pipelines at lower pressures to individual consumers. Safety measures are emphasized throughout the distribution process. Biogas is also discussed as a renewable energy that can be produced from organic waste and used similarly to natural gas.
Learn the basic operating principles of circuit breakers as well as the different types. Review the range of operating mechanisms with a focus on pneumatics and compressors.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/hv-circuit-breaker-operating-mechanisms-pneumatic-compressor-systems-24
Master class presentation on artificial lift screening and selection. Prepared for Praxis' Interactive Technology Workshop on Artificial Lift, Dubai, September 2013.
The document summarizes the key components and processes involved in oil production from offshore platforms. It describes how oil and gas are separated after being extracted from subsea wells through manifolds and gathered into the platform. The separated oil, gas, and water then undergo further treatment processes like compression and removal of impurities. Final stages involve storage of oil and gas, metering for export, and transfer through pipelines or marine loading to tankers for transportation.
The document provides an outline and overview of key systems involved in oil production, including control and safety systems, power generation and distribution, flare and atmospheric ventilation, instrument air, HVAC, water systems, chemicals and additives, and telecom. It then provides more detailed descriptions of processes control, emergency shutdown systems, condition monitoring, production information management systems, and training simulators.
The document provides an overview of oil production processes, including exploration and drilling, reservoir characteristics, well completion, and artificial lift methods. It discusses the facilities and main process sections involved, and describes in detail the components and functions of wellheads, different types of reservoirs and crude oil, natural gas and condensates extracted. Common artificial lift techniques like rod pumps, downhole pumps, gas lift and plunger lift are also summarized. The document concludes with an overview of well workovers, interventions and stimulation methods used to improve production.
The document discusses Modelon's Fuel System Library which provides component models for simulating aircraft fuel systems. The library allows modeling of fuel tanks, pipes, valves, pumps, ejectors and other components. It can be used to simulate fuel system behavior under various operating conditions and ensure robust system performance. The library supports real-time simulation and integration with other Modelon libraries for multi-domain system modeling. The latest release is version 2019.1 which includes usability and performance improvements.
The document discusses liquefied natural gas (LNG) processes from gas treatment and liquefaction to storage, transport, and regasification. It provides diagrams of common liquefaction cycles including cascade, Joule-Thomson, closed-cycle, and open-cycle systems. Storage involves insulating tanks to minimize boil-off. Transport is via specialized LNG tankers. Regasification involves pumping LNG and heating it in stages using propane and seawater heat exchangers to vaporize it for distribution by pipeline.
Rational Artificial Lift Selection by Mike BerryDaniel Matranga
Michael R Berry, PE presented a document summarizing various artificial lift methods. The document provided brief overviews of gas lift, plunger lift, reciprocating rod pumps, progressing cavity pumps, hydraulic piston pumps, hydraulic jet pumps, and electric submersible pumps. It discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each method and factors like depth capacity, rate capacity, tolerance of sand and gas, and costs. The presentation emphasized that artificial lift selection should maximize economic returns and consider how the method impacts future production over the life of the well.
This document discusses the potential for using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an aviation fuel. It provides historical background on LNG use in other industries. It then covers technical issues regarding LNG use in aircraft like tank configurations and impact on aircraft design. The document also discusses price, safety, and environmental aspects of LNG compared to conventional jet fuel. It proposes potential research projects and partnerships to further evaluate the feasibility and benefits of powering aircraft with LNG.
The Economic Comparison Between Dry Natural Gas And Nitrogen Gas For Strippin...inventionjournals
Natural gas isa substantial energy source among other sources of fossil fuels. It is usually produced saturated with water vapor under production conditions. The natural gas dehydration is very paramount in the gas industry to stripthe water vapor existing in the gas production, at low-temperature conditions that may plug the system because of hydrate formation in pipelines. Totake off water vapor from natural gas flow usestriethylene glycol (TEG) in the gas dehydration process. In the glycol method, the wet gas is contactwith leanglycolinan absorber to dehydrate naturalgas and the rich glycol will be recovered and used again. This paper deals with stripping gas in the regenerator of glycol dehydration package with part of dry natural gas instead of nitrogen for stripping water vapor from triethylene glycol and studying the economic comparison between both of them by using modeling and simulation with HYSYS program. The two methods were investigated and evaluated to choose the optimal one with respect to the capital and utility costs, provided that keeping the same specifications and quantity of the glycol purity.In addition, the wet gas from the stripping process can be used to operate texsteam pumps and compressors or recycle with wet gas feed. The model has been built according to the actual process flow diagram. Finally, the results of this model could be considered as a basis on which a new heat and material balance will be developed for the plant.
Transporting grain by barge is an ecological and cost-efficient alternative to railway and truck haulage. Bühler’s low-maintenance Bargolink unloading system makes this mode of transport even more competitive.
Separator sizing and droplet sizes low shear school - 2017Low Shear School
The document discusses different methods for sizing three-phase separators, including retention time theory, droplet settling theory, and fluid carryover specification combined with estimated droplet size distributions. The droplet settling method calculates the separator dimensions based on the cut-off droplet diameter to be separated, while the fluid carryover method is more complex and utilizes inlet and outlet fluid quality specifications along with estimated droplet size distributions. Maintaining larger dispersed phase droplets upstream of the separator can improve separation efficiency by reducing retention time and fluid carryover.
The document discusses cargo tank venting and inert gas systems on board ships. It introduces the inert gas system and explains how it works to suppress flammability through increasing the oxygen content. It describes the key components of inert gas systems including scrubbers, fans, deck water seals, and instrumentation. It also covers inert gas production methods, system layouts, and applications to shipboard operations like cargo handling and tank washing.
Hydraulic System :- A hydraulic system is a system that uses pressurized hydraulic fluid to power hydraulic machinery.
Pneumatic System :- In Pneumatic system Compressed air is Used instead of Liquid
Tư vấn miễn phí & Đặt hàng dầu nhớt : 0908.131.884 Anh Quyền. Công ty TNHH TMDV Hoài Phương là Tổng đại lý dầu nhớt AP Oil , Saigon Petro khu vực miền đông nam bộ, Cam kết giá tốt nhât, chất lượng tốt nhất, Giao hàng nhanh chóng nhất, Hậu mãi chu đáo nhất.
This document provides an overview of fluid power systems and hydraulics. It discusses the history and applications of fluid power, including using water wheels and windmills. The key types of fluid power systems are hydraulic and pneumatic. Hydraulic systems use high-pressure liquids like oil while pneumatic systems use compressed gases like air. The document also covers fluid properties, hydraulic components, basics of hydraulics like laminar and turbulent flow, and applications of fluid power systems in construction, mining, agriculture and more.
Fluid power principles and hydraulic pumpsKawinKit
This document provides an overview of fluid power systems and hydraulic fundamentals. It discusses the history and applications of fluid power, different types of fluid power systems including hydraulic and pneumatic. It also covers properties of hydraulic fluids, fluid power symbols, basics of hydraulics including Pascal's law and hydraulic components like pumps, actuators and valves. The document compares different power transmission methods and provides details on positive displacement pumps and their operating principles.
! Vehicles Hydraulic And Pneumatic Systems.pptأحمد دعبس
This document provides an overview of fluid power systems, including hydraulics and pneumatics. It discusses the basic components of fluid power systems, such as pumps, valves, actuators and piping. Examples are given of common hydraulic systems, like vehicle brakes and power steering. Advantages of fluid power include easy control and force multiplication. The document also compares hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical systems for lifting a load.
This document provides information about applied hydraulics and pneumatics. It begins with introducing fluid power principles and describing hydraulic pumps. Specifically, it discusses types of hydraulic pumps like fixed and variable displacement pumps. It provides examples of linear and rotary pumps. It also summarizes the working, advantages, and disadvantages of external gear pumps. Finally, it discusses properties of fluids important for fluid power systems like viscosity and viscosity index.
The document discusses hydraulics and provides details on various hydraulic components and concepts. It covers the basics of hydraulics including hydrostatics, hydrokinetics, hydraulic systems and pressure fluids. It then describes various hydraulic components in detail including hydraulic pumps (gear pumps and axial piston pumps), hydraulic motors, valves, reservoirs and filters. Gear pumps are classified as external and internal gear pumps while axial piston pumps can be fixed or variable displacement depending on the swash plate design.
Applied Hydraulics and Pneumatics - Unit-1- Fluid Power system and FundamentalsDr.S.SURESH
This document provides an overview of applied hydraulics and pneumatics. It discusses fluid power systems and their advantages over other transmission methods. The objectives are to understand fundamental principles and applications of hydraulic and pneumatic machines. Key topics covered include properties of hydraulic fluids, fluid power symbols, basics of hydraulics like Pascal's law and fluid flow, and losses in valves and fittings. Examples of industrial applications are also provided.
ME3492 HYDRAULICS AND PNEUMATICS UNIT 1.pptxharikumarmech
This document discusses fluid power principles and hydraulic pumps. It begins by introducing fluid power, its advantages, applications, and the types of fluids used. It then covers hydraulic principles such as Pascal's law and friction loss. The document discusses different types of hydraulic pumps, including their construction, operation, performance, advantages, and selection criteria. It provides examples of applications for mobile equipment, industrial machinery, and aerospace. The key topics covered are properties of hydraulic fluids, energy transfer, work, power, and torque as well as positive displacement pumps like gear, vane, and piston pumps.
The document provides an introduction to the basics of hydraulic systems. It discusses key concepts such as:
- The basic components of hydraulic circuits including prime movers, pumps, control valves, actuators, oil tanks and conductors.
- Different types of hydraulic pumps including gear pumps, vane pumps and piston pumps.
- Applications of hydraulics in areas like construction equipment, manufacturing and mobile machinery.
- Properties of hydraulic fluids and how to select the proper fluid based on factors like operating temperature and viscosity.
This document provides an introduction to fluid power and hydraulics. It discusses what fluid power is, its uses in modern industry, and basic hydraulic principles like Pascal's law. The document also outlines the basic components of a hydraulic system including a pump, reservoir, valves, actuators, and piping. It discusses the differences between hydraulic and pneumatic systems and lists some advantages and drawbacks of fluid power. Key terms related to hydraulics like fluid, pressure, viscosity, and hydraulic fluid properties are also introduced.
This document provides an introduction to fluid power and hydraulics. It discusses what fluid power is, its uses in modern industry, and basic hydraulic principles like Pascal's law. The document also outlines the basic components of a hydraulic system including a pump, reservoir, valves, actuators, and piping. It discusses the differences between hydraulic and pneumatic systems and lists some advantages and drawbacks of fluid power. Key terms related to hydraulics like fluid, pressure, viscosity, and hydraulic fluid properties are also introduced.
This document provides an introduction to fluid power and hydraulics. It discusses what fluid power is, its uses in modern industry, and basic hydraulic principles like Pascal's law. The document also outlines the basic components of a hydraulic system including a pump, reservoir, valves, actuators, and piping. It discusses the differences between hydraulic and pneumatic systems and lists some advantages and drawbacks of fluid power. Key terms related to hydraulics like fluid, pressure, viscosity, and hydraulic fluid properties are also introduced.
Best Practices for Mobile Hydraulic DesignDesign World
With ever-rising fuel prices, designing efficient hydraulic systems can pay big dividends for users of mobile hydraulic vehicles. Join Design World as we take an in-depth look at three critical areas of mobile hydraulic system design: filtration, sensors and sealing. Our expert panel presents critical design tips and answering your questions.
Attendees will learn:
* How to use in-cylinder position sensing to optimize hydraulic functions on mobile equipment
* How to select the appropriate filtration grade for a specific application
* How do shaft requirements impact mobile hydraulic sealing products
The panel includes: Dr. Christian Bauer, Staff Scientist, Pall Corp.; Haubold “Hub” vom Berg, Technical Marketing Manager, MTS Sensors, Mobile Hydraulic; and Joel Johnson, VP of Technology, Simrit. The panel is moderated by Design World Editorial Director, Paul J. Heney.
This document outlines the objectives and units of a course on hydraulics and pneumatics. The objectives are to provide students with knowledge of fluid power applications in industry and an understanding of hydraulic and pneumatic components. The five units cover fluid power principles, hydraulic pumps, actuators and controls, hydraulic circuits and systems, pneumatic systems, and troubleshooting applications. Unit 1 discusses fluid properties, Pascal's law, and types of hydraulic pumps like gear, vane, piston and screw pumps.
This document discusses the properties and functions of hydraulic fluids used in machinery. It outlines that hydraulic fluids must effectively transmit power while providing lubrication, sealing, and heat dissipation. The key properties of good hydraulic fluids include good lubricity, ideal viscosity, chemical/thermal stability, compressibility, fire resistance, heat transfer ability, low density/foam resistance, and non-toxicity. It then examines viscosity and viscosity index in depth, as well as other important properties like pour point, lubricating ability, rust/corrosion protection, and the role of additives and inhibitors.
Hydraulics and Pnuematics Basics and Pumps.pptxsadha sivam
for need of basics in hydraulics and pneumatics in UG students as well as research in fluid society.this becomes highly viewed in industry oriented division
Introduction to hydraulic and pneumaticsAshish Kamble
This document discusses hydraulic fluids used in hydraulic systems. It describes the primary tasks of hydraulic fluids as power transmission and signal transmission for control. It outlines the requirements for hydraulic fluids, including good lubrication, temperature and pressure stability, safety properties like high flash point, and environmental friendliness. The document categorizes hydraulic fluids as petroleum-based, synthetic-based, or water-based and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each type. Key properties of hydraulic fluids discussed are viscosity, viscosity index, lubricating power, chemical stability, flash point, and fire point.
TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH YIELD IMPROVEMENT IN PRODUCED WATER QUALITYiQHub
The document discusses produced water from oil and gas extraction operations and challenges with water handling and treatment. It introduces the Mokveld Typhoon Valve System, a low shear control system that improves separation efficiency and produced water quality without additional treatment. The system works by reducing droplet breakup through lower energy dissipation compared to standard valves. This results in larger droplet sizes that are easier for downstream separation equipment to remove. Testing shows the Typhoon Valve System can increase water quality improvements by 45-90% and boost oil production. It provides a cost-effective way to enhance separation and increase capacity of existing systems.
Centrifugal pump health check up before startssuser0edfd7
This document discusses common problems with centrifugal pumps and possible solutions. It identifies the top five problems as: 1) performance issues, 2) high vibrations, 3) unusual sounds, 4) abnormal temperatures, and 5) excessive leakages. For each problem, it outlines potential causes and how to analyze the problem by monitoring relevant parameters. Correct diagnosis is important to prevent equipment damage and downtime. The document also provides background on pump components, classifications, and standards for vibration limits and temperatures.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
2. Power train
• Mechanical power transmission:
– Gears
– Belt drive
– Friction drive
– Rigid couplings
– Clutches
Prime mover
AC Motor
DC Motor
Diesel Engine
Otto Engine
Power
transmission
system
Machine
(linear or
rotational
motion)
Mi, ωi M0, ω0
F0, v0
Properties:
• Continuously variable drive is difficult
• The relative spatial position of prime mover is fixed
• If the motor is electrical (DC motor or AC motor with
variable frequency), then the rotational speed can be
continuously changed but they are expensive
3. Hydraulic power transmission
• Hydraulic power transmission:
Hydro = water, aulos = pipe
The means of power transmission is a liquid (pneumatic → gas)
Hydrodynamic power transmission:
• Turbo pump and turbine
• Power transmission by kinetic
energy of the fluid
• Still the relative spatial position is
fixed
• Compact units
Hydrostatic power transmission:
• Positive displacement pump
• Creates high pressure and
through a transmission line and
control elements this pressure
drives an actuator (linear or
rotational)
• The relative spatial position is
arbitrary but should not be very
large because of losses (< 50 m)
A continuously variable transmission is possible
Most of this lecture will be about hydrostatic systems (in common language it is
also called simply hydraulics)
4. Hydrostatic vs hydrodynamic systems
Roughly speaking:
P = ∆p·Q
Large Q, small ∆p →
hydrodynamic
transmission
Large ∆p, small Q →
hydrostatic transmission.
But there is no general rule,
depends on the task.
o Generally larger than 300 kW power hydrodynamic is more favourable.
o But for soft operation (starting of large masses) hydrodynamic is used for
smaller powers either.
Linear movement against large forces: hydrostatic
Linear movement and stopping in exact position: also hydrostatic
Power density
kW
kg
P [kW]100 200 300 400
Hydrostat.
Hydrodyn.
5. Structure of a hydrostatic drive
Aggregate
Control
elements
Actuator
These components and their interaction is the subject of this
semester
Valves, determining
the path, pressure, flow
rate of the working
fluid
Elements doing work
• Linear
• Rotational
• Swinging
Pump, motor
Fluid reservoir
Pressure relief valve
Filter
Piping
6. A typical hydraulic system
1 – pump
2 – oil tank
3 – flow control valve
4 – pressure relief valve
5 – hydraulic cylinder
6 – directional control valve
7 – throttle valve
7. Advantages of hydrostatic drives
Simple method to create linear movements
Creation of large forces and torques, high energy density
Continuously variable movement of the actuator
Simple turnaround of the direction of the movement, starting
possible under full load from rest
Low delay, small time constant because of low inertia
Simple overload protection (no damage in case of overload)
Simple monitoring of load by measuring pressure
Arbitrary positioning of prime mover and actuator
Large power density (relatively small mass for a given power
compared to electrical and mechanical drives)
Robust (insensitive against environmental influences)
8. Disadvantages of hydrostatic drives
Working fluid is necessary (leakage problems, filtering, etc.)
It is not economic for large distances
9. Hydraulic fluids - tasks
They have the following primary tasks:
o Power transmission (pressure and motion
transmission)
o Signal transmission for control
Secondary tasks:
o Lubrication of rotating and translating
components to avoid friction and wear
o Heat transport, away from the location of heat
generation, usually into the reservoir
o Transport of particles to the filter
o Protection of surfaces from chemical attack,
especially corrosion
10. Hydraulic fluids - requirements
Functional
o Good lubrication characteristics
o Viscosity should not depend strongly on
temperature and pressure
o Good heat conductivity
o Low heat expansion coefficient
o Large elasticity modulus
Economic
o Low price
o Slow aging and thermal and chemical stability ⇒
long life cycle
11. Hydraulic fluids - requirements (contd.)
Safety
o High flash point or in certain cases not
inflammable at all
o Chemically neutral (not aggressive at all
against all materials it touches)
o Low air dissolving capability, not inclined to
foam formation
Environmental friendliness
o No environmental harm
o No toxic effect
12. Hydraulic fluid types
1. Water (3%)
2. Mineral oils (75%)
3. Not inflammable fluids (9%)
4. Biologically degradable fluids
(13%)
5. Electrorheological fluids (in
development)
13. Hydraulic fluid types (contd.)
- Clear water
- Water with additives
o Oldest fluid but nowadays there is a renaissance
o Used where there is an explosion or fire danger or hygienic problem:
Food and pharmaceutical industry, textile industry, mining
1. Water:
Advantages:
No environmental pollution
No disposal effort
Cheap
No fire or explosion danger
Available everywhere
4 times larger heat conduction coefficient than mineral
oils
2 times higher compression module than mineral oils
Viscosity does not depend strongly on temperature
14. Hydraulic fluid types (contd.)
1. Water:
Disadvantages:
Bad lubrication characteristics
Low viscosity (problem of sealing, but
has good sides: low energy losses)
Corrosion danger
Cavitation danger (relatively high
vapour pressure)
Limited temperature interval of
applicability (freezing, evaporating)
Consequences: needs low tolerances and very good materials (plastics, ceramics,
stainless steel) ⇒ components are expensive
15. Hydraulic fluid types (contd.)
- Without additives
- With additives
o „Conventional” use, stationary hydraulics
o Always mixtures of different oils, often with additives
Additives:
- decrease corrosion
- increase life duration
- improve temperature dependence of viscosity
- improve particle transport
2. Mineral oil:
Advantages:
Good lubrication
High viscosity (good for sealing,
bad for losses)
Cheap
Disadvantages:
Inflammable
Environmental pollution
16. Hydraulic fluid types (contd.)
- Contains water
- Does not contain water
o mines, airplane production, casting, rolling, where there is
explosion and fire danger
o Water-oil emulsions (oil synthetic) or water-free synthetic
liquids
3. Not inflammable fluids:
Disadvantages:
Higher density, higher losses, more inclination to cavitation
Limited operational temperature < 55 °C
Worse lubrication characteristics, reduction of maximum load
Worse de-aeration characteristics
Sometimes chemically aggressive against sealing materials
17. Hydraulic fluid types (contd.)
- Natural
- Synthetic
o Environmental protection, water protection
o Agricultural machines
o Mobile hydraulics
Characteristics similar to mineral oils but much more
expensive.
If the trend continues its usage expands, price will drop.
4. Biologically degradable fluids:
18. Properties of hydraulic fluids
Viscosity: well-known
Temperature dependence
Ubbelohde-Walther:
c, m, Kv are constants,
T is in K
TmKc v lg))lg(lg( ⋅−=+ν
ct
B
t eA +
⋅=µ
ν
t [°C or K]
⇒ log-log scale
Vogel-Cameron:
A, B, C are constants,
t is in °C
19. Properties of hydraulic fluids (contd.)
Pressure dependence
of viscosity
µ0, ν0 viscosity at
atmospheric pressure
p
p eα
µµ ⋅= 0
100 200 300 400
1,5
2
2,5
3
0ν
ν
p [bar]
30 °C
40 °C
50 °C
T=80 °C
20. Properties of hydraulic fluids (contd.)
Density dependence on pressure:
like Hooke’s law, K is the compressibility
K is not a constant but depends on pressure itself
effective K is also influenced by:
Air content
Flexibility of the pipe
Temperature dependence of density is small
K
p
V
V ∆
−=
∆
21. Hydraulic Fluids
Sucking air with the pump happens but is by proper installation avoidable.
The oil is quickly into solution during the increasing pressure.
Air bubbles come to oil mostly so that with decreasing pressure the air
„goes out of solution”.
α - dissolving coefficient at normal pressure
At normal pressure Va=Vf .
At high pressure, the volume of the dissolved air is much more than the
volume of the liquid.
When the pressure drops the air leaves the solution suddenly but the
dissolution happens gradually.
Air content in oil is harmful.
1
2
p
p
VV fa ⋅⋅= α
22. Hydraulic Fluids
– Sudden, jerky movements, oscillation, noise
– Late switching
– Reduced heat conduction
– Accelerated aging of the liquid, disintegration of oil molecules
– Cavitation erosion
Problems with air content:
2
0
0
0
1
p
p
K
V
V
V
V
KK
l
a
f
a
f
lmixture
+
+
=
Kl : liquid compressibility
Vf : volume of liquid
Va0 : volume of gas in normal state
p0 : normal pressure
p : p under investigation
23. Hydraulic Fluids
The manufacturer specifies the characteristics of the required liquid
and the duration of usage.
Before filling in the new oil, the rig has to be washed with oil.
Never mix old and new oil!
24. Calculation basics
e) Continuity
b) Pascals’s law
g) Bernoulli equation
f) Flow resistance
a) Hydrostatic
pressure
c) Transmission of power
d) Transmission of
pressure
26. Calculation basics
laminar
Calculation basics:
turbulent
v1 p1
A1
p2 v2
A2
( ) losspvvpp ∆+−=− 2
1
2
221
2
ρ
2
2,1
2
2,1
2
2,12,1
2
or
2 A
Q
pvp lossloss
ρ
ζ
ρ
ζ =∆=∆
2
2
2
1
2
1
A
A
=
ζ
ζ
For a straight, stiff pipe:
( )Reζζ =
ν
vdh ⋅
=Re
U
A
dh
4
=
=⋅= λλζ ,
hd
l Re
64
4
Re
3164,0
If the two cross sections are not the same then:
27. Calculation basics
Usually the function ζ= ζ(Re)
looks like the following:
Calculation basics:
Practically:
log Re
K2
ζlog
2
1
Re
K
K
+=ζ
K2·Re
K1
Re
Reζ
ReRe 21 ⋅+= KKζ
28. Calculation basics
On this basis we can define two hydraulic resistances:
Calculation basics:
QRp hl ⋅=∆ 1
2
2 QRp hl
′=∆
Ad
K
R
h
h
⋅
⋅⋅
=
2
1νρ
2
2
2A
K
Rh
⋅
=′
ρ
Depends on viscosity Does not depend on viscosity
Q
Rh R´h
∆ploss
1 2
29. Calculation basics
For a parallel circuit:
For elbows, sudden expansions, T-pieces, etc. values are
given as a function of Re, roughness and geometric
parameters
1
and
n
total i i
i
p p Q Q
=
∆ = ∆ =∑ 1
and
n
total i i
i
Q Q p p
=
= ∆ = ∆∑
For a series circuit:
Three different coefficients are used to express pressure loss:
Gh: Hydraulic admittance
ζ
α
ρ
α
1
2
=
∆⋅⋅= pAQ 1pGQ h ∆⋅= 2pGQ h ∆⋅′=
1
2
K
Ad
G h
h
⋅⋅
⋅
=
νρ
A
K
Gh ⋅
⋅
=′
2
2
ρ
30. Leakage losses
Leakage losses:
– External losses
– Internal losses
Occur always when components move relative to each other
They reduce efficiency
In case of external leakages there is environmental damage
and the lost fluid has to be refilled. External losses can be
avoided by careful design and maintenance.
Internal losses cannot be avoided.
33. Leakage losses
- the eccentricity increases the leakage flow by a factor of 2,5 if e
increases to the limit
- QL ~ s3
m !
- Because of the large ∆p, there are large temperature differences along
l. Medium viscosity has to be substituted.
- In addition there is a Couette flow – dragged flow, which increases or
decreases the leakage
2
bsv
Qd
⋅⋅
=
2
π⋅⋅⋅
±∆⋅= mm
LL
dsv
pGQ
v
s
34. Hydraulic capacity and inductivity
All the things discussed so far referred to steady processes. In
practice, however, very often unsteady processes are encountered:
starting, stopping, change of load, change of direction of motion,
etc.
In these cases the compressibility of the fluid and the pipes,
and the inertia of the fluid have to be taken into consideration.
Nonlinear function.
It can be locally linearized and:
ΔV
ΔV = f(p)
pp
capacity.hydraulic,
d
d
hC
p
V
=
∆
Hydraulic capacity:
35. Hydraulic capacity and inductivity
Hydraulic capacity:
The capacity has three parts:
∫⋅=⇒⋅=∆= tQ
C
ppCVQ c
h
hcc d
1
The capacitive flow rate:
raccumulatopipeflh CCCC ++=
K compression module
K
V
Cfl
0
=
Cpipe is negligible if the pipe is made of metal
Cpipe is not negligible if the pipe is flexible.
exponent.polytropictheisn,
1
1
n
G
raccumulato
p
p
pn
V
C
⋅
⋅
=
pG
p
36. Hydraulic capacity and inductivity
Ltotal = Lh + Lsol , where Lsol is the inertia of solid parts.
Hydraulic inductivity:
V A
Δp
sss ,,
A
Q
ssVAp
=⋅⋅=⋅∆ ,ρ
Q
A
V
p
2
ρ⋅
=∆
tp
L
QQLp
h
ininh d
1
∫∆=⇒⋅=∆
37. Hydraulic Accumulators
Constructions and
tasks in the hydraulic system Tasks:
The hydropneumatic
accumulators perform
different tasks in the
hydraulic systems, e.g.:
Constructions
• reserve energy
• store fluid
• emergency operate
• force compensating
• damp mechanical shocks
• absorb pressure
oscillations
• compensate leakage
losses
• springs in vehicles
• recover of braking energy
• stabilize pressure
• compensate volumetric
flow rate (expansion
reservoir)
With springWith weight With gas
(hydropneumatic accumulator)
Separating part between gas and fluid
Piston Bladder Membrane
39. Hydraulic Accumulators
Working states of hydroaccumulators with bladder:
This installation is practically a bladder filled with gas and placed in a tank made out of
steal. The bladder is filled with carbon dioxide (gas pressure). At the starting of the pump
the fluid flows in the tank and compresses the gas. When required (if there is a high
enough pressure difference) the fluid flows very quickly back in the system.
Requirements on the system side:
- locks both in the T and P lines,
- controlled release valves,
- juncture for pressure manometer (mostly built with the hydroaccumulator together),
- throw back valve in the P line.
Fluid flows out
Fluid flows in
Hydroaccumulator with pre-stressed bladder
pressureless, without pre-stress
59. Hydraulic Systems
Pressure reservoirs = Accumulators
Serve three purposes:
• damping of pressure and volumetric flow rate oscillations,
• supplying the flow rate at variable demand,
• hydropneumatic spring.
They use the compressibility of a gas but the gas and liquid surface
may not touch because then the gas will be dissolved in the liquid.
Three constructions:
a. Piston
b. Bladder (bag)
c. Membrane
gas
liquid
a. b. c.