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Hpai class slides 021319
- 1. CIIC#5995&100#/#ICOM#5995&100 Human#Perspective#in#Artificial#Intelligence# (HPAI) Professor'José'Meléndez,'PhD https://zoom.us/j/823118094 "A rose byany other name would smell as sweet" ― William Shakespeare (156431616) Conducted)Online)Due)to)Facility)Unavailability
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- 3. UPCOMING)IMPORTANT)DATES • Homework(#3: • Will$be$available$on$Moodle$by$Midnight$tomorrow •Due$Wednesday$February$20,$2019 • This$Monday$February$18,$2019$is$a$School$Holiday$meaning$no$class$and$ no$office$hours.$ • Post$questions$on$Piazza. • Exam(#1: • Will$be$given$on$Monday$February$25,$2019 in$class. • BRING(PENCILS • Online$portions$in$Moodle$(if$any)$available$online$before$11:59PM$on$ Thursday$February$21,$2019. • Material$will$relate$to$everything$covered$in$classes,$in$homeworks,$on$ Moodle$course$page,$and$required$reading$assigned$prior$to$the$date$of$ the$Exam. • Suggest$to$review$class$slides$carefully$and$class$recordings$as$necessary$ to$better$understand$class$slides$(on$Moodle). • If$you$missed$any$class$given$(faceQtoQface$or$online),$consider$the$online$ recording$of$that$class$as$required$reading$– and$watch$it.
- 4. Previously+in+HPAI+CIIC/ICOM+5995 • The “Environment”is Reality • Only 5 types of Sensible Energies or Interactions. • Forces • Electromagnetic Energy • Biochemical Interactions • Thermal Energy • Electrical Energy • Human Eyes and Ears only detect a very small part of what is photonically or sonically sensible of Reality • Electronics can do better.
- 5. Compare(&(Contrast Sight(and(Hearing Ears/Sound Eyes/Light How4are4they4alike? 1.4Both4have4inputs4through4physical4organ4 2.4Both4output4electrical4signals4for4further4brain4processing 3.4Both4have4ranges4which4we4sense4and4can4interpret 4.4Both4are4characterized4by4intensities4and4frequencies 5.4Distinctportions of each are sensitive to different aspects. 1.4No4physical4contact4(excluding4photons) 2.4Light4can4traverse4transparent4objects 3.4Light4is4waves4and4particles4(photons) 4.4Used4to4create4images 5.4Light4travels4at43x10^84m/s 6.4Closer4to4reality4S timewise 1.4Sensitive4to4vibrations4in4air 2.4Sound4can4traverse4opaque4objects 3.4In4air4sounds4are4waves 4.4Sound4in4air4travels4at43434m/s 5.4Can4determine4direction4origin4in4some4 cases4without4the4organ4pointing4to4it. How4are4they4different?
- 6. • Hearing(and(Seeing(kind(of(go(together • Sounds(are(vibrational(phenomenon(of(varying(frequency( and(strength •Light(is(electromagnetic(phenomenon(of(varying(frequency( and(strength • The(resulting(electrical(impulses(making(their(way(to(the( brain(are(pretty(well(organized(in(space(and/or(time • It’s(high(speed,(high(quality(data(for(the(brain(to(process • There(is(a(reproducible(and(“precise”(stimulus Observations,of,Human,Senses,2 I
- 7. Observations,of,Human,Senses,2 II Why,I,Love,Eyes,and,Ears • Photons'and'“Phonons”'(Not'really'phonons,'but'it'rhymes) •It'is'physics. • There'are'a'limited'number'of'variables. • There'is'a'one'to'one'relationship. • The'equations'are'known. • The'physical'phenomenon'transduce'to'electrical'signals.' • Electrical'signals'are'readily'“computerized”'into'bits'of' bytes'mapped'to'space'and'time. • Frequencies'allow'us'to'perceive'lots'of'information' transmitted'simultaneously • Smelling'and'Tasting'is'a'whole'different'story. • It'is'biochemistry.
- 8. Next%Up:%Human%Taste%Sensing • Taste&Sensing • How&our&Tongues&Sense •Resolution&/&Diversity • Sensitivity • Artificial&Tasting • Smell&Sensing • How&our&Noses&Sense • Resolution&/&Diversity • Sensitivity • Artificial&Smelling • OPEN Q/A FOR EXAM&PREP • Touch&Sensing& • Internal&Sensing
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- 10. • We#sense#molecules#transported#to#taste#bud#receptors#on#the# surface#of#our#tongue,#roof#of#mouth,#and#back#of#throat. • The#tongue’s#thousands#of#taste#buds#have#a#disputed#number# of#distinct#types#of#receptors#that#collaborate#helping#us#to# distinguish: •Sweet • Savory#(Umami) • Sour • Salty • Bitter • The#interaction#of#receptors#with#target#molecules#results#in# electrical#signals. Observations,of,Taste
- 11. • We#sense#molecules#transported#to#taste#bud#receptors#on#the# surface#of#our#tongue,#roof#of#mouth,#and#back#of#throat. • The#tongue’s#thousands#of#taste#buds#have#a#disputed#number# of#distinct#types#of#receptors#that#collaborate#helping#us#to# distinguish: •Sweet • Savory#(Umami) • Sour • Salty • Bitter • The#interaction#of#receptors#with#target#molecules#results#in# electrical#signals. Observations,of,Taste Caution:#How#“taste”#sensing#really#works#is#still#being#determined.# Note:#The#receptors#are#classified#based#on#what#is#perceived#versus#what#is#measured. Observation:#We#can#distinguish#the#taste#of#few#foods#when#we#can’t#smell.
- 12. • We#sense#molecules#transported#to#taste#bud#receptors#on#the# surface#of#our#tongue,#roof#of#mouth,#and#back#of#throat. • The#tongue’s#thousands#of#taste#buds#have#a#disputed#number# of#distinct#types#of#receptors#that#collaborate#helping#us#to# distinguish: •Sweet#? HAPPY • Savory#(Umami)#? SURPRISE • Sour#? SADNESS • Salty#? DISGUST • Bitter#? ANGER • The#interaction#of#receptors#with#target#molecules#results#in# electrical#signals. Observations,of,Taste Caution:#How#“taste”#sensing#really#works#is#still#being#determined.# Note:#The#receptors#are#classified#based#on#what#is#perceived#versus#what#is#measured. Observation:#We#can#distinguish#the#taste#of#few#foods#when#we#can’t#smell.
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- 16. Exemplary*Artificial*Taste*Receptor • Flow%Channel%passes liquidover%Biochemical%Receptor%Layers • Surface%plasmon%oscillations%shift%with%binding%to%Receptors%and%“affinity” • Photosensors%transforms excitation%absorption%angles%into%electrical signals%
- 17. Next%Up:%Human%Smell%Sensing • Smell%Sensing • How%our%Noses%Sense •Resolution%/%Diversity • Sensitivity • Artificial%Smelling • OPEN%Q/A%FOR%EXAM%PREP • Touch%Sensing% • Internal%Sensing
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- 21. • We#smell#combinations#of#molecules#transported#in#air • The#molecules#are#effectively#concentrated#at#our#receptors •The#Nose#has#over#5,000,000#“olfactory#receptors”#of#400# differing#types#for#distinguishing#allegedly#over# 1,000,000,000,000#scents. • This#is#classic#pattern#recognition#and#learning • If#we#wrote#down#a#name#– each#second#– for#each#smell#we# can#smell#– it#would#take#us#around#31,688#years. • Note#we#can#associate#smells#with#experiences#and#not# necessarily#with#only#words.# • Corresponding#electrical#signals#travel#directly#to#the#brain. Observations,of,Smell
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- 23. Exemplary*Artificial*Olfactory*Receptor • Air$Suction$Channel$(not$shown)$passes airover$Chemically$Sensitive$Layer • Piezoelectric$driven$oscillation$frequency$changes$on$reception$event • Transducer$transforms vibrational$frequencies$into$electrical signals$ http://www.coffeeresearch.org/science/nose.pdf
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- 26. Next%Up • OPEN%Q/A FOREXAM PREP • Touch%Sensing% • Internal%Sensing