Hpai class slides 020419

CIIC#5995&100#/#ICOM#5995&100
Human#Perspective#in#Artificial#Intelligence#
(HPAI)
Professor'José'Meléndez,'PhD
https://zoom.us/j/163405287
“All our knowledge begins with the senses, proceeds then to the
understanding, and ends with reason. There is nothing higher than reason.”
! Immanuel Kant (1724!1804)

NEXT%CLASS
SAME%DATE:%February%6,%2019
SAME%TIME:%4:30PM%– 5:45PM
ONLINE%ONLY:%
NO%OFFICE%HOURS%THIS%WEDNESDAY
ASK%QUESTIONS%ON%PIAZZA.
IMPORTANT%ANNOUNCEMENT

Last%Time
Reality:
• The$“Environment”$is$Reality
• Our$“Representations”$of$our$
Observable Environment$Create$
Our$Realities

How$Can$We$Observe$Reality?
Things'that'are'Real:
• Exist independently,of,our,observations.
• Occur independently,of,our,observations.
• Are,as,they,are,independently,of,our,observations.
Observations'through'Sensing:
• Passive Observation,involves,natural,Energy,Conversion(s)
• Active Sensing,makes,use,of,Environmental,Excitation

Next%Up
• Sensing
• What+is+Sensible?
• Human+Types
• Limitations
• Non+Humans
• Passive+vs+Active
• Sound+Sensing
• Light+Sensing

Sense%– Select%Definitions
• Noun:
• The faculty of perceiving by means of sense organs
• A specialized function or mechanism (such as sight,
hearing, smell, taste, touch, or interoception) by
which an animal receives and responds to external or
internal stimuli (energy).
• Verb:
• To perceive by the senses
• To be or become conscious of
• To detect automatically in response to stimulus
Adapted@from:@https://www.merriamBwebster.com/dictionary/sense

Importance+of+Senses
• Imagine(a(person(who(was(born(without(senses(of(any(
kind((internal(or(external).

kind((internal(or(external):
• Could&such&a&person&know&they&exist?

• Could(such(a(person(know(they(exist?
• Would&such&a&person&experience&emotions?

• Would(such(a(person(experience(emotions?
• How$many$senses$are$necessary$to$experience$emotions?

• How(many(senses(are(necessary(to(experience(emotions?
• Could&such&a&person&exhibit&general&intelligence?

• How(many(senses(are(necessary(to(experience(emotions?
• Could(such(a(person(exhibit(general(intelligence?
• How$many$senses$are$necessary$for$general$intelligence?

What%is%Sensible?
• Forces'
• Electromagnetic'Energy
• Biochemical'interactions
• Thermal'Energy
• Electrical'Energy
• Anything(else?

Human&Types&of&Sensing
• Forces'
• Touch,'Hearing,'Interoception
• Electromagnetic'Energy
• Sight
• Biochemical'interactions
• Taste,'Smell,'Interoception
• Thermal'Energy
• Touch'or'Interoception?
• Electrical'Energy
• Touch,'Taste

Next%Up
• Sensing
• Limitations
• Non-Humans
• Passive-vs-Active

Sound
https://api.intechopen.com/media/chapter/41410/media/image1.png
• Vibrational8Forces8
• Humans8hear8miniscule8fraction8of8sonic8spectrum
• Humans8can8hear8sound8frequencies8from8about8208– 20KHz
• Higher8sonic8frequencies8travel8less8distances8in8air

Sight
• Electromagnetic-(EM)-Energy-
• Humans-see-miniscule-fraction-of-EM-Spectrum
• Approximately-380-– 740-nanometers;-430-– 770-Tera-(1012)-Hertz
https://www.geo.arizona.edu/xtal/nats101/6_11.jpg

Touch
• Forces'affect'humans'in'a'variety'of'ways
• Hairs'increase'sensitivity
https://i.stack.imgur.com/R3j0G.jpg

Touch
https://i.stack.imgur.com/POXi6.jpg
• What7is7the7lightest7you7can7feel?
• Chicken7Feather:70.00037ounces
• Strong7Hurricane:71,6007ounces/ft^2
• Strongest7Human:718,4807ounces
• Empty77477Jet:76,300,0007ounces
• Earth:7208,170,000,000,000,000,000,000,0007ounces

Taste
• The$average$person$has$about$10,000$taste$buds.
• Catfish$have$over$100,000$taste$buds$all$over$their$bodies.
• Chickens$have$about$24$taste$buds.
https://www.livescience.com/32970DwhatDanimalDhasDtheDbestDsenseDofDtaste.html

Smell
• Human’s(smell(miniscule(fraction(of(available(smells
• Probably(a(good(thing…
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CJFeJMJUYAAcEF1.jpg

Interoception*– The*key*to*emotions?
A"lessor"known"subjective"sense from"the"inside"
of"your"body"by"way"of"receptors"in"your"organs."
Interoception"is"important"for"self<awareness.
Khalsa, S. S., and Lapidus, R. C. (2016). Can interoception
improve the pragmatic search for biomarkers in psychiatry? Front.
Psychiatry 7:121. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00121
• It’s"personal.
• Pain
• Hunger
• Full
• Thirst
• Discomfort
• Tiredness
• Headache
• Bladder"fullness
• Itch
• Heartburn

Animal'Standouts
• Our$perceptions$of$reality$are$heavily$influenced$by$
our$senses.
• We$have$senses$in$common$with$other$animals.
• Yet$some$animals$have$very$different$senses$too.
• How$would$we$perceive$the$world$if$we$had$the$
senses$of$these$animals?

A"big"nose…
Elephants can+smell+water+sources+12+miles+away.
https://www.metro.pr/pr/noticias/2018/08/07/rechazan<traslado<elefante<mundi<del<zoologico<mayaguez.html

Electroreception
The$Platypus detects$the$electrical$impulses$of$its$prey.
https://www.bioexplorer.net/animals;with;best;sensors.html/

Infrared(Detection
Some%Snakes can%see%infrared%(thermal)%radiation%emitted%from%their%prey.
https://www.bioexplorer.net/animals<with<best<sensors.html/

Polarized*Vision
The$Octopus can$control$the$intensity$of$light$incident$upon$it’s$vision$sensors.
https://www.bioexplorer.net/animals>with>best>sensors.html/

Chemical)Smoke)Sensors
The$Jewel$Beetle can$smell$tree$smoke$50$miles$away$.

Magnetism*Sensors
Honey&Bees&can&sense&the&Earth’s&magnetic&field.
https://www.bioexplorer.net/animals=with=best=sensors.html/

Soft%Touch%Sensors
Spiders taste*and*smell*using*organs*on*their*legs,*and*“feel”*vibrations*through*their*hairs.
https://www.bioexplorer.net/animals=with=best=sensors.html/

Active'vs.'Passive'“Sensing”:'Echolocations
Bats vocalize,sounds,that,bounce,off,objects.,

Next%Up%– Real%&%Artificial%Human%Senses
• Sound&Sensing
• Light&Sensing
• Touch&Sensing&
• Smell&Sensing
• Taste&Sensing
• Internal&Sensing

Sound&Sensing&– The&Human&Ear
https://youtu.be/7O/adw/HyrQ
Video&Describing&the&Process&of&Hearing&and&How&it&Works
(Available&on&Moodle)

Hpai class slides 020419

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