Motivation theories provide frameworks to explain what motivates individuals and influences their behavior. Early theories include Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which proposes that lower level needs must be met before higher level needs can motivate. McGregor's Theory X and Y describe whether employees are viewed as inherently disliking work or being self-motivated. Contemporary theories include self-determination theory on intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation, goal setting theory on specific goals leading to higher performance, and expectancy theory on the relationship between efforts, performance, and rewards motivating individuals. Motivation is important for organizations to achieve higher productivity, job satisfaction, lower turnover, and absenteeism. Managers can motivate teams by setting clear goals, providing positive