This document summarizes a study on risk factors for pre-diabetes among persons in Sri Lanka. The study aimed to identify pre-diabetes patients in a local area and examine relationships between pre-diabetes risk level, fasting blood sugar, age, body weight, physical activity, and lifestyle. Questionnaires were used to assess risk factors. Statistical analysis found no significant relationships between body weight and fasting blood sugar, age, risk level, or work pressure. The results suggest other unknown factors influence body weight more than the variables examined in this study.

1. Basic Statistic Assignment
For post graduate diploma program me in Kayacikitsa.
Presented by
Dr.K.L.U.Shantha
GWAI/2016/PGDK/005
Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute
University of Kalaniya
Yakkala, Sri Lanka

2. How to Risk Factors T2DM with Pre Diabetes Persons.
Division - Ayurveda community medical officers of Akaragama
Project Location - Secretariat Division of Divulapitiya, Akaragama GN area
General information related to this project
Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not
produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it
produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar. Hyperglycemia, or
raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time
leads to serious damage to many of the body's systems, especially the nerves
and blood vessels. (WHO; 1999) Diabetes of all types can lead to
complications in many parts of the body and can increase the overall risk of
dying prematurely. Possible complications include heart attack, stroke, kidney
failure, leg amputation, vision loss and nerve damage. In pregnancy, poorly
controlled diabetes increases the risk of fetal death and other complications.
(WHO; 1999)
Health burden of Diabetes
The number of people with diabetes has risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422
million in 2014. The global prevalence of diabetes among adults over 18 years
of age has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. Diabetes prevalence has
been rising more rapidly in middle- and low-income countries. Diabetes is a
major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower limb
amputation. In 2012, an estimated 1.5 million deaths were directly caused by
diabetes and another 2.2 million deaths were attributable to high blood glucose.
Healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body weight and
avoiding tobacco use are ways to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes can be treated and its consequences avoided or delayed with diet,
physical activity, medication and regular screening and treatment for
complications. (Global report on diabetes 2016) Almost half of all deaths
attributable to high blood glucose occur before the age of 70 years. WHO
projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030.
(Projections of global 2006.)

3. Sri Lanka Total population: 20 715 000
Number of diabetes deaths Number of deaths attributable to high
blood glucose
males females females males
ages
30–69
2 860 ages
30–69
2 470 1 740 4 660
ages
70+
2 830 ages 70+ 4 400 2 700 4 690
WHO – DCP 2016.
Prediabetes is an intermediate stage between normal, healthy glucose tolerance
and the more severe glucose intolerance that characterizes type 2 diabetes.
Without appropriate lifestyle interventions, about 15% to 30% of S.L. adults
with pre diabetes will go on to develop full-fledged type 2 diabetes within 5
years; on an annual basis, 11% of pre diabetic adults who fail to improve their
diet and increase their physical activity will develop type 2 diabetes .
Project Objectives
Main Objective
To identify pre diabetes patients in akaragama grama niladare area
Specific Objective
Identify main factor increase pre diabetes Patients in this area.
1. Family history.
2. Obesity (Body Weight)
3. Physical Activity
4. Age
5. Food habits
6. Life Style
Methodology

4. Use the Questionnaires Center of disease Control (CDC) in American Pre
diabetes Screening Test Programed and data analyses with SPSS software.
Questionnaires
COULD YOU HAVE PREDIABETES?
Pre diabetes means your blood glucose (sugar) is higher than normal, but not
yet diabetes. Diabetes is a serious disease that can cause heart attack, stroke,
blindness, kidney failure, or loss of feet or legs. Type 2 diabetes can be delayed
or prevented in people with pre diabetes through effective lifestyle programs.
Take the first step. Find out your risk for pre diabetes.
TAKE THE TEST—KNOW YOUR SCORE! Answer these seven simple
questions. For each “Yes” answer, add the number of points listed. All “No”
answers are 0 points. And then divide three categories.
Low Risk Point 10 -11
Medium Risk Point 12 -14
High Risk Point 15 – 22
Height Weight Pounds Height Weight
Pounds
Height Weight
Pounds
4’10” 129 5’7” 172 6’4” 221
4’11” 133 5’8” 177
5’0” 138 5’9” 182
5’1” 143 5’10” 188
5’2” 147 5’11” 193
5’3” 152 6’0” 199
5’4” 157 6’1” 204
5’5” 162 6’2” 210
5’6” 167 6’3” 216
Questionnaire for Pre Diabetes

5. Are you a woman who has had a baby
Weighing more than 9 pounds at birth?
Yes No
01 00
Do you have a sister or brother with diabetes? 01 00
Do you have a parent with diabetes? 01 00
Find your height on the chart. Do you
Weigh as much as or more than the weight listed for your
height?
05 00
Are you getting little or no exercise in a typical day? 05 00
Are you between 40 and 64 years old? 05 00
Are you 65 years of age or older 09 00
P.D.Risk
Categories
*10-11(LOW) **12-14(Medium) ***15-21(High)
Population and sampling
Diagnosed cases of Pre Diabetes from Divulapitiya secretarial division of Gampaha district,
Western province, Sri Lanka. Pre Diabetes Clinic Akaragama Central Dispensary (G.N. division
of Selected Akaragama, Palliyapitiya, Godigamuwa, Madampalla. selectected for this study.
Independent Variable
Body Wight of persons
Dependent Variable
Fasting Blood Sugar of persons
Pre Diabetes Risk level of persons
Patients Age
Work Pressure
1.Hypothesis

6. H0: There is a no relationship between Body Weight of persons and Fasting Blood Sugar of
persons
H1: There is a relationship between Body Weight of persons and Fasting Blood Sugar of
persons
1.1 Hypothesis
H0: There is a no relationship between Body Weight of persons and Patients Age
H1: There is a relationship between Body Weight of persons and Patients Age
.1.2 Hypothesis
H0: There is a no relationship between Body Weight of persons and Pre Diabetes Risk
level of persons
H1: There is a relationship between Body Weight of persons and Pre Diabetes Risk level
of persons
.
1.3 Hypothesis
H0: There is a no relationship between Body Wight of persons and Work Pressure
H1: There is a relationship between Body Wight of persons and Work Pressure
Result:

7. Statistics
Patients Age Body Wieght Risk level
Fastin Blood
Glucose Leavel
Are you getting
little or no
exercise in a
typical day?
N Valid 31 31 31 31 31
Missing 0 0 0 0 0
Frequency Table
Patients Age
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 30-39 1 3.2 3.2 3.2
40-49 3 9.7 9.7 12.9
50-59 10 32.3 32.3 45.2
>60 17 54.8 54.8 100.0
Total 31 100.0 100.0
Body Wieght
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent

8. Valid High 27 87.1 87.1 87.1
NORMAL 4 12.9 12.9 100.0
Total 31 100.0 100.0
Risk level
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Low 6 19.4 19.4 19.4
Medium 4 12.9 12.9 32.3
High 21 67.7 67.7 100.0
Total 31 100.0 100.0

9. Fastin Blood Glucose Leavel
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 80-99 11 35.5 35.5 35.5
100-109 5 16.1 16.1 51.6
110-119 7 22.6 22.6 74.2
120-129 5 16.1 16.1 90.3
130-139 1 3.2 3.2 93.5
>140 2 6.5 6.5 100.0
Total 31 100.0 100.0
Correlations
Correlations
Fasting Blood
Glucose Leavel Risk level
Patients
Age
Body
Weight
Work
Pressure
Fasting Blood Glucose Leavel Pearson
Correlation
1 -.033 -.098 -.012 .136
Sig. (2-tailed) .860 .602 .947 .465
N 31 31 31 31 31

10.  There is a statically negative correlation between Body Weight of persons and
Fasting Blood Sugar of persons
 There is a statically negative correlation between Body Weight of persons and
Risk level
 There is a statically negative correlation between Body Weight of persons and
Risk level
 There is a statically negative correlation between Body Weight of persons and
Patients Age
 There is a statically negative correlation between Body Weight of persons and
Work Pressure
Risk level Pearson
Correlation
-.033 1 -.144 -.354 .365*
Sig. (2-tailed) .860 .441 .051 .043
N 31 31 31 31 31
Patients Age Pearson
Correlation
-.098 -.144 1 .299 .193
Sig. (2-tailed) .602 .441 .103 .299
N 31 31 31 31 31
Body Weight Pearson
Correlation
-.012 -.354 .299 1 -.117
Sig. (2-tailed) .947 .051 .103 .532
N 31 31 31 31 31
Work Pressure Pearson
Correlation
.136 .365* .193 -.117 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .465 .043 .299 .532
N 31 31 31 31 31
*. Correlation is significantatthe 0.05 level (2-tailed).

11. Regression
Variables Entered/Removeda
Model Variables Entered Variables Removed Method
1
Are you getting little or no
exercise in a typical day?,
Fasting Blood Glucose Leavel,
Patients Age, Work Pressure,
Risk levelb
. Enter
a. DependentVariable:Body Wieght
b. All requested variables entered.
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression .691 5 .138 1.237 .321b
Residual 2.793 25 .112
Total 3.484 30
a. DependentVariable:Body Weight
b. Predictors:(Constant),Are you getting little or no exercise in a typical day?, Fasting Blood
Glucose Leavel,Patients Age, Work Pressure,Risk level
Model Summary
Mod
el R R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Change Statistics
R Square
Change F Change df1 df2
Sig. F
Change
1 .445a
.198 .038 .334 .198 1.237 5 25 .321
a. Predictors:(Constant),Are you getting little or no exercise in a typical day?, Fasting Blood Glucose Leavel,Patients Age, Work
Pressure,Risk level

12. Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) 1.201 .422 2.844 .009
Patients Age .116 .081 .274 1.444 .161
Fasting Blood Glucose
Leavel
.004 .041 .017 .090 .929
Risk level -.108 .089 -.258 -1.218 .235
Work Pressure -.056 .145 -.080 -.390 .700
Are you getting little or no
exercise in a typical day?
-.067 .140 -.090 -.475 .639
a. DependentVariable:Body Weight
 There is a not depend on Body weight between Fasting Blood sugar Level, Age of
person, Risk Level and Work Presser.
 It is 3% of changes in Body weight is explained by Fasting Blood sugar Level Age of
person, Risk Level and Work Presser 93% depends on other different factors.
 Blood sugar Levele Age of person, Risk Levele and Work Presser is statically not
significant.