How to make people's biodiversity register
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This document lucidly describes how students will prepare an effective PBR or "People's Biodiversity Register"
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1) The Ramsar Convention of 1971 created a framework for national action and international cooperation for wetland conservation and sustainable use.
2) CITES of 1973 regulates international trade in endangered species to ensure it does not threaten species survival. It lists species in three appendices based on protection needs.
3) The Convention on Migratory Species of 1979 aims to conserve terrestrial, aquatic and avian migratory species throughout their ranges.
4) The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity is an international treaty for biodiversity conservation and created the Nagoya and Cartagena Protocols on access to genetic resources and biosafety.
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- It was signed in 1971 in Ramsar, Iran and aims to conserve and protect wetlands internationally.
- It requires signatory countries to designate at least one wetland for a list of Wetlands of International Importance called the "Ramsar List."
- Countries must also make efforts to conserve Ramsar sites within their territory and report any ecological changes to sites. Changed sites are added to the Montreux Record.
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1) India formulated its first forest policy in 1894 based on a report by Dr. Voelker. This policy focused on revenue generation and classified forests into different categories. It did not adequately address issues like shifting cultivation, forest fires, or biodiversity conservation.
2) The 1952 policy was India's first after independence. It aimed to balance land use and check issues like soil erosion. It classified forests into protected, national, village, and tree land categories.
3) The 1988 policy aimed to ensure environmental stability and ecological balance. It focused on meeting energy demands, conserving wildlife, and increasing forest productivity and tree cover.
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Traditional knowledge refers to knowledge developed by indigenous peoples and passed down orally between generations. It is location-specific and concerns issues important for human and animal life. Indigenous knowledge is owned by individuals and includes facts and concepts describing the environment. Traditional knowledge plays a significant role in conservation by sustainably managing biodiversity for thousands of years. Indigenous communities have been responsible stewards of their lands and many protected areas overlap with their territories. Traditional knowledge can be protected through positive legal protections like laws and benefit sharing, or defensive mechanisms to prevent improper intellectual property acquisition.
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The document discusses several key conventions related to conservation of biological diversity:
1) The Ramsar Convention of 1971 created a framework for national action and international cooperation for wetland conservation and sustainable use.
2) CITES of 1973 regulates international trade in endangered species to ensure it does not threaten species survival. It lists species in three appendices based on protection needs.
3) The Convention on Migratory Species of 1979 aims to conserve terrestrial, aquatic and avian migratory species throughout their ranges.
4) The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity is an international treaty for biodiversity conservation and created the Nagoya and Cartagena Protocols on access to genetic resources and biosafety.
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Conservation of biodiversity and genetic resources helps protect, maintain and recover endangered animal and plant species. There are mainly two strategies for the conservation of wildlife: In-situ conservation and Ex-situ conservation. Although, both the strategies aim to maintain and recover endangered species, they are different from each other. Let us see how they differ from each other!
The measurement of biodiversity
This document discusses various methods for measuring biodiversity, including species richness, evenness, disparity, and genetic variability. It notes that biodiversity cannot be reduced to a single number due to the complexities of various taxonomic concepts and differences in ecosystems. While higher productivity generally correlates with greater biodiversity, preserving biodiversity poses challenges for policymakers given difficulties in comparing biodiversity across environments.
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Social forestry is a concept involving management and conservation of forests with community participation.
Iucn red list
The IUCN Red List is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and publishes its assessments. Major goals are to convey the urgency of conservation and provide information to guide actions to conserve biological diversity. Key findings from assessments over the years have shown increasing numbers of threatened species, including many moving into critically endangered categories. Major taxonomic groups like corals, amphibians, and mammals are particularly at risk.
Biodiversity conservation strategies
Conservation of Biodiversity is the need of the hour. Awareness is a must for biodiversity conservation.Various strategies of conservation are included in the presentation.
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This document discusses biodiversity and methods for measuring biodiversity, including through the use of biodiversity indices. It defines biodiversity as the variety of living organisms present in a given ecosystem. It then explains different categories of biodiversity - alpha, beta, and gamma diversity. The document also discusses several commonly used biodiversity indices: species richness, Simpson's index, Shannon-Wiener index, and evenness. It provides formulas for calculating Simpson's and Shannon-Wiener indices and explains how to interpret the results. Overall, the document provides a overview of biodiversity and approaches for quantifying biodiversity through different indices.
Community ecology
Community ecology is the study of interactions between populations of different species within a defined area. A community consists of producers, consumers, and decomposers at various trophic levels. Species diversity and dominance characterize communities. Dominant species exert more influence over energy flow and physical structure. Communities develop through successional changes over time, eventually reaching a climax community. Stratification describes the vertical layering of communities according to plant height, while horizontal stratification refers to dispersion patterns of individuals across an area. Ecotones are transition zones between two communities that contain characteristics of both.
Ecosystem Restoration
Ecosystem restoration is the process of assisting the recovery of degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems. Causes of environmental degradation include climate change, air pollution, unsustainable fishing, shipping impacts, eutrophication, deforestation, and urbanization. The purpose of ecosystem restoration is to reverse losses from climate change and degradation, check the decline in biodiversity, and improve human living conditions. Methods of restoration include replanting native species, eradicating invasive species, and monitoring habitats. One example is the work of Jadav Payeng, who turned 550 hectares of barren land into a forest in Assam, India. Restoration requires developing goals and implementation plans, as well as educating people about environmental issues
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Joint forest management is a better way to protect forests.It is a collaborative effort between the government and natives of the forest land.
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The Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. Some key points:
- It was signed in 1971 in Ramsar, Iran and aims to conserve and protect wetlands internationally.
- It requires signatory countries to designate at least one wetland for a list of Wetlands of International Importance called the "Ramsar List."
- Countries must also make efforts to conserve Ramsar sites within their territory and report any ecological changes to sites. Changed sites are added to the Montreux Record.
- India has designated 26 Ramsar sites since joining in 1981, including Chilika
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This document outlines Javed Iqbal's proposed revisions to the format of forest management plans (working plans) in Pakistan. It discusses the shortcomings of the traditional two-part format, which lacks justification for objectives and alternatives. The proposed new format has three parts: Part I describes the forest area and existing conditions. Part II evaluates alternative objectives, species, silvicultural systems, and other choices. Part III prescribes the management plan, including working circles, programs, protection, utilization, infrastructure, administration, records, and finances.
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Forest policy
1) India formulated its first forest policy in 1894 based on a report by Dr. Voelker. This policy focused on revenue generation and classified forests into different categories. It did not adequately address issues like shifting cultivation, forest fires, or biodiversity conservation.
2) The 1952 policy was India's first after independence. It aimed to balance land use and check issues like soil erosion. It classified forests into protected, national, village, and tree land categories.
3) The 1988 policy aimed to ensure environmental stability and ecological balance. It focused on meeting energy demands, conserving wildlife, and increasing forest productivity and tree cover.
Role of Traditional Knowledge in The Conservation
Traditional knowledge refers to knowledge developed by indigenous peoples and passed down orally between generations. It is location-specific and concerns issues important for human and animal life. Indigenous knowledge is owned by individuals and includes facts and concepts describing the environment. Traditional knowledge plays a significant role in conservation by sustainably managing biodiversity for thousands of years. Indigenous communities have been responsible stewards of their lands and many protected areas overlap with their territories. Traditional knowledge can be protected through positive legal protections like laws and benefit sharing, or defensive mechanisms to prevent improper intellectual property acquisition.
Invasive Species
The document discusses invasive species, providing examples of invasive plant species that have negatively impacted ecosystems in California. It defines invasive species as non-native species that cause harm by spreading rapidly and outcompeting native species. Some of the invasive plants discussed include iceplant, periwinkle, English/Algerian ivy, licorice plant, scarlet wisteria, various broom species, pampas grass, cotoneaster, yellow/purple starthistle, salt cedar, rush skeletonweed, white horsenettle, giant reed bamboo, barb goatgrass, perennial pepperweed, medusahead, Klamath weed, and hoary cress. Removal of invasive species is described as labor
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This presentation discusses the domestication of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in Nepal. It begins with introducing NTFPs and defining domestication. The objectives are then stated as assessing opportunities and challenges of NTFP domestication. Methodology describes using secondary data sources. Opportunities discussed include Nepal's biodiversity, the growing international NTFP market, and potential for conservation and income generation. Challenges include technical difficulties in cultivation, lack of market infrastructure and support, as well as social, economic and policy barriers. The conclusion recognizes domestication potential but also threats to some NTFP species. Recommendations suggest providing financial and technical support to farmers for large-scale domestication, and improving
Keystone species
This document discusses keystone species and provides examples from Robert Paine's research. It begins by defining a keystone species as one that has a large effect on the community despite its low abundance. It then summarizes Paine's seminal experiments in the 1960s where he found that removing the predatory sea star Pisaster ochraceous from an intertidal zone led to a decline in species diversity from 15 to 8 species due to competitive exclusion. The document concludes by outlining different types of keystone species including keystone carnivores, seed predators, mutualists, herbivores, plants, and prey.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the process by which the species composition of an ecosystem changes over time. It occurs through a predictable sequence of species replacements as the environment changes. There are two types of succession - primary succession, which establishes ecosystems in newly available habitats like volcanic landscapes, and secondary succession, which reestablishes ecosystems after a disturbance like a forest fire. Succession proceeds through stages from pioneer to intermediate to climax communities as species alter environmental conditions and facilitate the establishment of other species. Ecological succession is driven by both biotic changes from organisms as well as abiotic changes in the physical environment and is an ongoing, endless process as conditions continually change over geological timescales.
Forest management
Forest management involves the administrative, economic, legal, and social aspects of managing forests, including techniques like timber extraction, replanting species, and preventing fires. Forest management is needed to avoid the extinction of thousands of species, heavy soil erosion, increased greenhouse effects, flooding, landslides, and degraded watersheds. Methods of forest management include afforestation, reforestation, sustainable forest management practices, and avoiding wildfires. The document concludes that one of the biggest challenges is ensuring the sustainability of forest resources going forward.
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The document discusses how trade liberalization policies in Haiti in the 1980s-90s that drastically reduced tariffs on rice imports had unintended negative consequences for the country's rice production and food security. This has contributed to Haiti's ongoing vulnerability and dependence on rice imports. The current COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated Haiti's food insecurity issues. The article argues that agricultural trade policies need to be restructured to support domestic production and reduce countries' vulnerabilities during crises.
Powerpoint indigenous science
Indigenous peoples in the Philippines have developed extensive knowledge through long interaction with the local environment. This includes traditional methods for weather forecasting using animal behavior, herbal medicine using native plants, food preservation techniques like drying and salting, classification of flora and fauna, seed selection, tools and technology for daily life, irrigation systems, soil classification, production of wines and juices, and cultivating plants in home gardens. This knowledge is orally passed down through generations and helps indigenous communities adapt to their surroundings.
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Edible Gardening for Southland Schools
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
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Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
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Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
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How to make people's biodiversity register
- 1. How to make PEOPLE’S BIODIVERSITY REGISTER DR. SARADA MANDAL Associate Professor in Geography, Prabhu Jagatbandhu College 2018
- 3. Ref. http://nbaindia.org/uploaded/pdf/ PPT_PBRs_Guidelines.pdf • The Register shall contain comprehensive information on availability and knowledge of local biological resources, their medicinal or any other use or any other traditional knowledge associated with them.
- 6. Ref. http://nbaindia.org/uploaded/pdf/ PPT_PBRs_Guidelines.pdf • PBR is not a mere documentation exercise but be used to develop an agenda for conservation action, based on local knowledge and BRs. • PBR can also be as part of secondary/tertiary education/curriculum. • Fellowships for taxonomists by Boards/NBA and their recruitment to State Boards need to be thought of.
- 7. Courtsey: Dr. Anandita Dawn, Prabhu Jagatbandhu College
- 8. Courtsey: Dr. Anandita Dawn, Prabhu Jagatbandhu College
- 9. Courtsey: Dr. Anandita Dawn, Prabhu Jagatbandhu College
- 10. Tips for preparing Population Scape • It is a type of biodiversity register, which can be easily prepared from – the student database (collected from College office) – Questionnaire survey • Some times it can focus on – particular heritage, cultural practice, historical traditions, beliefs etc. – unique characteristics of habitat, ecological history etc.
- 11. Tips for preparing Floral /Faunal Diversity • Preparing this type of register is actually a unique opportunity to open our eyes and ears.
- 12. Tips for preparing Floral /Faunal Diversity Preparing this type of register is actually a unique opportunity to develop our over all sense to witness the magic of nature.
- 13. Instructions for the students Do s • So Students, let us walk around outside space of your home or college. • Take a clip board, a paper with worksheet table drawn on it and off course a pen. • Watch the bio-diversity and take a note for each of them. • If you fail to identify any floral or faunal types, kindly take help from the local people. • You may take a photograph or take help from experts later. Don’t s • Do not pluck the leaves or flowers. • Do not disturb the animals. • Do not leave any plastic items. • Do not damage the nature.
- 14. Wish you Good Luck for preparing an effective PBR